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Cai X, Dai Y, Gao P, Ren G, Cheng D, Wang B, Wang Y, Yu J, Du Y, Wang X, Xue B. LncRNA CCAT1 promotes prostate cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion through regulation of miR-490-3p/FRAT1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18527-18544. [PMID: 34319909 PMCID: PMC8351697 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent cancer in males, with high incidence and mortality. Recent studies have shown the crucial role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in PCa. Here, we aimed to explore the functional roles and inner mechanisms of lncRNA CCAT1 in PCa cells. qRT-PCR results showed that CCAT1 was upregulated in PCa tissues and cells. Functional assays demonstrated that CCAT1 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, yet promoted apoptosis, while CCAT1 promotion showed the opposite results. We also found that CCAT1 negatively regulated miR-490-3p expression and subsequently regulated FRAT1 expression. Inhibition of miR-490-3p or up-regulation of FRAT1 reversed the suppressive effects of CCAT1 knockdown on the PCa cells. In conclusion, CCAT1 regulated FRAT1 expression through miR-490-3p and then promote the PCa cells proliferation, migration, and invasion, which reveals the oncogenic function of CCAT1 in PCa progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Cai
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiheng Dai
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanyu Ren
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, Yangpu, China
| | - Dingcai Cheng
- Department of Urology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing 225400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiheng Du
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xizhi Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
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Lange J, Remmers S, Gulati R, Bill-Axelson A, Johansson JE, Kwiatkowski M, Auvinen A, Hugosson J, Hu JC, Roobol MJ, Carlsson SV, Etzioni R. Impact of cancer screening on metastasis: A prostate cancer case study. J Med Screen 2021; 28:480-487. [PMID: 33563084 DOI: 10.1177/0969141321989738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trials of cancer screening present results in terms of deaths prevented, but metastasis is also a key endpoint that screening seeks to prevent. We developed a framework for projecting overall (de novo and progressive) metastases prevented in a screening trial using prostate cancer screening as a case study. METHODS Mechanistic simulation model in which screening shifts a fraction of cases that would be metastatic at diagnosis to being non-metastatic. This shift increases the incidence of non-overdiagnosed, organ-confined cases. We use estimates of the risk of metastatic progression for these cases to project how many progress to metastasis after diagnosis and tally the projected de novo and progressive metastatic cases with and without screening. We use data on stage shift from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) and data on the risk of metastatic progression from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-4 trial. We estimate the relative risk and absolute risk reductions in metastatic disease at diagnosis and compare these with reductions in overall metastases. RESULTS Assuming no effect of screening beyond initial stage shift at diagnosis, the model projects a 43% reduction in metastasis at diagnosis but a 22% reduction in the cumulative probability of metastasis over 12 years in favor of screening. These results are consistent with the empirical findings from the ERSPC. CONCLUSION Any reduction in metastatic disease at diagnosis under screening is likely to be an overly optimistic predictor of the impact of screening on overall metastasis and disease-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Lange
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Remmers
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roman Gulati
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna Bill-Axelson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Johansson
- Department of Urology, The School of Health and Medical Sciences Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maciej Kwiatkowski
- Department of Urology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Academic Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jonas Hugosson
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jim C Hu
- Department of Urology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monique J Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sigrid V Carlsson
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Departments of Surgery (Urology Service) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Etzioni
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Barnes J, Kennedy WR, Fischer-Valuck BW, Baumann BC, Michalski JM, Gay HA. Treatment patterns of high-dose-rate and low-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy for prostate cancer. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2019; 11:320-328. [PMID: 31523232 PMCID: PMC6737564 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2019.86974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Monotherapy with high-dose-rate (HDR) or low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy are both recommended modalities for prostate cancer. The choice between HDR and LDR is dependent on patient, physician, and hospital preferences. We sought to identify treatment patterns and factors associated with receipt of HDR or LDR monotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We queried the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for patients with localized low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with HDR or LDR monotherapy. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze patterns of HDR vs. LDR. Patient characteristics were correlated with HDR vs. LDR using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS We identified 50,326 patients from 2004-2014: LDR 37,863 (75.2%) vs. HDR 12,463 (24.8%). Median follow-up was 70.3 months. The overall use of monotherapy declined over time. HDR application declined relative to LDR. In 2004, 27.0% of cases were HDR compared to 19.2% in 2014. Factors associated with increased likelihood of HDR on multivariable analysis included: increasing age (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.01), cT2c disease (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11-1.41), treatment at an academic center (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 2.24-2.65), non-white race (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.27-1.42), and income > $63,000 (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.59-1.88). LDR was more common in 2010-2014 (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.54-0.65), Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index > 0 (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95), and for patients receiving hormone therapy (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83-0.93). No difference in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or Gleason score and receipt of HDR vs. LDR was observed. Mean overall survival was 127.0 months for HDR and 125.4 for LDR, and was not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS We observed an overall decrease in brachytherapy (BT) monotherapy use since 2004 for localized prostate cancer. Despite similar survival outcomes, the use of HDR monotherapy declined relative to LDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Barnes
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - William R Kennedy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Benjamin W Fischer-Valuck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States
| | - Brian C Baumann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jeff M Michalski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Hiram A Gay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
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Helgstrand JT, Røder MA, Klemann N, Toft BG, Lichtensztajn DY, Brooks JD, Brasso K, Vainer B, Iversen P. Trends in incidence and 5-year mortality in men with newly diagnosed, metastatic prostate cancer-A population-based analysis of 2 national cohorts. Cancer 2018; 124:2931-2938. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John T. Helgstrand
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Martin A. Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nina Klemann
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Birgitte G. Toft
- Department of Pathology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - James D. Brooks
- Department of Urology; Stanford University Hospital; Stanford California
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ben Vainer
- Department of Pathology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
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6
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review was to highlight important articles in the field of prostate cancer screening published during 2015 and early 2016. Four major areas were identified for the purpose: screening strategies, post-United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2011-2012, screening trends/patterns, and shared decision making. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies furthered the evidence that screening reduces the risk of metastasis and death from prostate cancer. Multiplex screening strategies are of proven benefit; genetics and MRI need further evaluation. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening rates declined in men above age of 50 years, as did the overall prostate cancer incidence following the USPSTF 2011-2012 recommendation against PSA. The consequences of declining screening rates will become apparent in the next few years. More research is needed to identify the most optimal approach to engage in, and implement, an effective shared decision-making in clinical practice. SUMMARY Data emerging in 2015 provided evidence on the question of how best to screen and brought more steps in the right direction of 'next-generation prostate cancer screening'. Screening is an ongoing process in all men regardless of whether or not they might benefit from early detection and treatment. After the USPSTF 2011-2012 recommendation, the rates of PSA testing are declining; however, this decline is observed in all men and not solely in those who will not benefit from the screening. The long-term effect of this recommendation might not be as anticipated. More studies are needed on how to implement the best available evidence on who, and when, to screen in clinical practice.
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Kuhl CK, Bruhn R, Krämer N, Nebelung S, Heidenreich A, Schrading S. Abbreviated Biparametric Prostate MR Imaging in Men with Elevated Prostate-specific Antigen. Radiology 2017; 285:493-505. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017170129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane K. Kuhl
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (C.K.K., R.B., N.K., S.N., S.S.) and Department of Urology (A.H.), University of Aachen, RWTH, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Urology, Uro-oncology, Robot-assisted and Special Urological Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Robin Bruhn
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (C.K.K., R.B., N.K., S.N., S.S.) and Department of Urology (A.H.), University of Aachen, RWTH, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Urology, Uro-oncology, Robot-assisted and Special Urological Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Nils Krämer
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (C.K.K., R.B., N.K., S.N., S.S.) and Department of Urology (A.H.), University of Aachen, RWTH, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Urology, Uro-oncology, Robot-assisted and Special Urological Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Sven Nebelung
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (C.K.K., R.B., N.K., S.N., S.S.) and Department of Urology (A.H.), University of Aachen, RWTH, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Urology, Uro-oncology, Robot-assisted and Special Urological Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (C.K.K., R.B., N.K., S.N., S.S.) and Department of Urology (A.H.), University of Aachen, RWTH, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Urology, Uro-oncology, Robot-assisted and Special Urological Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.H.)
| | - Simone Schrading
- From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (C.K.K., R.B., N.K., S.N., S.S.) and Department of Urology (A.H.), University of Aachen, RWTH, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany; and Department of Urology, Uro-oncology, Robot-assisted and Special Urological Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (A.H.)
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8
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Kessler C, Pardo A, Tur MK, Gattenlöhner S, Fischer R, Kolberg K, Barth S. Novel PSCA targeting scFv-fusion proteins for diagnosis and immunotherapy of prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2025-2038. [PMID: 28667390 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite great progress in the diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa), there remains a need for new diagnostic markers that can accurately distinguish indolent and aggressive variants. One promising approach is the antibody-based targeting of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), which is frequently overexpressed in PCa. Here, we show the construction of a molecular imaging probe comprising a humanized scFv fragment recognizing PSCA genetically fused to an engineered version of the human DNA repair enzyme O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), the SNAP-tag, enabling specific covalent coupling to various fluorophores for diagnosis of PCa. Furthermore, the recombinant immunotoxin (IT) PSCA(scFv)-ETA' comprising the PSCA(scFv) and a truncated version of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE, ETA') was generated. METHODS We analyzed the specific binding and internalization behavior of the molecular imaging probe PSCA(scFv)-SNAP in vitro by flow cytometry and live cell imaging, compared to the corresponding IT PSCA(scFv)-ETA'. The cytotoxic activity of PSCA(scFv)-ETA' was tested using cell viability assays. Specific binding was confirmed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimen of early and advanced PCa. RESULTS Alexa Fluor® 647 labeling of PSCA(scFv)-SNAP confirmed selective binding to PSCA, leading to rapid internalization into the target cells. The recombinant IT PSCA(scFv)-ETA' showed selective binding leading to internalization and efficient elimination of target cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate, for the first time, the specific binding, internalization, and cytotoxicity of a scFv-based fusion protein targeting PSCA. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the specific ex vivo binding to primary PCa material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kessler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alessa Pardo
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehmet K Tur
- Institute for Pathology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kolberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, South Africa.
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Vicentini M, Sacchettini C, Trama A, Nicolai N, Gatta G, Botta L, Valdagni R, Giorgi Rossi P; Prostate Cancer High-Resolution Study Working Group. Changes in mortality and incidence of prostate cancer by risk class in different periods in Italy: the possible effects of PSA spread. Tumori 2017; 103:292-8. [PMID: 28291906 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Italy, the spread of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing varies in different areas. A peak of incidence was reached in 2003-2004 in some areas, while in others the incidence is still increasing. Mortality has declined since 1999 in some areas, while it remains stable in others. We compared mortality and the risk of advanced cancer over 2 periods (1996-1998; 2005-2007) and by geographic area characterized by a different spread of PSA, to understand the possible impact of PSA on the epidemiology of prostate cancer. METHODS In 8 Italian Cancer Registries (CRs), 4,632 cases diagnosed over 2 periods, 1996-1998 and 2005-2007, were sampled to assess risk class. The CRs were classified into late and early phase of PSA testing depending on whether an incidence peak had been reached by 2008. Incidence by risk class was estimated based on overall incidence in each CR and on risk class distribution in the sample. We calculated standardized mortality (MRR) and risk class-specific incidence rate ratios (IRR) to compare the 2 periods. RESULTS Incidence increased from 1996-1998 to 2005-2007 (IRR 1.5; 95% CI 1.4, 1.6). High-risk and metastatic cancer incidence decreased only in late-phase areas (IRR 0.78; 95% CI 0.69, 0.88; and 0.40; 95% CI 0.30, 0.54, respectively), while in early-phase areas, incidence remained virtually stable (IRR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0, 1.4; and 0.77; 95% CI 0.59, 1.0, respectively). Mortality decreased only in late-phase areas (MRR 0.81; 95% CI 0.85, 0.97; vs 1.1; 95% CI 0.92, 1.2) in early-phase areas. CONCLUSIONS Mortality reduction and a decrease in high-risk and metastatic cases occurred simultaneously only in areas in late phase of PSA spread.
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