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Pellá MCG, Simão AR, Pereira GM, Rubira AF. Hydrolysis effects on the water uptake of starch-g-glycidyl methacrylate ( GMASt)/dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm)-based hydrogels for potential agricultural purposes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127654. [PMID: 37884240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This work assessed the effect of different hydrolysis periods on the properties of hydrogels based on 75 % w w-1 of N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAAm) and 25 % w w-1 of starch-g-(glycidyl methacrylate) (GMASt). FTIR results confirmed the conversion of ester groups into carboxylic acids and carboxylates, besides forming a keto-enol tautomer due to the peeling reaction of starch. For DMAAm, the hydrolysis mostly converted amide into carboxylate groups. The morphology, thermal stability, and the mechanical properties of the predominantly amorphous matrices (as confirmed by XRD results) did not drastically change even after 10 days of hydrolysis in alkali media. However, the thermogravimetric analysis results suggested that DMAAm partially protected GMASt from the hydrolysis. The swelling degree of the matrix increased from (10.1 ± 2.1) g g-1 to (61.9 ± 2.6) g g-1 after 1 day of hydrolysis, but no statistical differences (at 95 % of significance) were observed for the matrices hydrolyzed for longer periods, confirming that the maximum hydrolysis occurred within 24 h. The results confirmed that the hydrolysis increased the water uptake of the GMASt/DMAAm-based matrices, making appealing for uses as a water retentor for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andressa Renatta Simão
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, 5790, Av. Colombo, Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Miranda Pereira
- Department of Sciences, State University of Maringa, 5790, Av. Reitor Zeferino Vaz, Goioere, Parana 87360-000, Brazil
| | - Adley Forti Rubira
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, 5790, Av. Colombo, Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil.
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2
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Bhattacharya T, Preetam S, Ghosh B, Chakrabarti T, Chakrabarti P, Samal SK, Thorat N. Advancement in Biopolymer Assisted Cancer Theranostics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3959-3983. [PMID: 37699558 PMCID: PMC10583232 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Applications of nanotechnology have increased the importance of research and nanocarriers, which have revolutionized the method of drug delivery to treat several diseases, including cancer, in the past few years. Cancer, one of the world's fatal diseases, has drawn scientists' attention for its multidrug resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs. To minimize the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents on healthy cells and to develop technological advancement in drug delivery systems, scientists have developed an alternative approach to delivering chemotherapeutic drugs at the targeted site by integrating it inside the nanocarriers like synthetic polymers, nanotubes, micelles, dendrimers, magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots (QDs), lipid nanoparticles, nano-biopolymeric substances, etc., which has shown promising results in both preclinical and clinical trials of cancer management. Besides that, nanocarriers, especially biopolymeric nanoparticles, have received much attention from researchers due to their cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, treatment efficacy, and ability to target drug delivery by crossing the blood-brain barrier. This review emphasizes the fabrication processes, the therapeutic and theragnostic applications, and the importance of different biopolymeric nanocarriers in targeting cancer both in vitro and in vivo, which conclude with the challenges and opportunities of future exploration using biopolymeric nanocarriers in onco-therapy with improved availability and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima Bhattacharya
- Department
of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic
of Korea
- Nondestructive
Bio-Sensing Laboratory, Dept. of Biosystems Machinery Engineering,
College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Subham Preetam
- Centre
for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed
to be University), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
- Daegu
Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Basab Ghosh
- KIIT
School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute
of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Tulika Chakrabarti
- Department
of Chemistry, Sir Padampat Singhania University, Bhatewar, Udaipur 313601, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Shailesh Kumar Samal
- Section of
Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Nanasaheb Thorat
- Nuffield
Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Medical Science
Division, John Radcliffe Hospital University
of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, Bernal Institute and Limerick Digital Cancer Research
Centre (LDCRC), University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
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3
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Chemically modified phytoglycogen: Physicochemical characterizations and applications to encapsulate curcumin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111829. [PMID: 34023786 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytoglycogen (PG), a water-soluble glycogen-like α-d-glucan, exists as natural dendritic nanoparticles which are known as a promising solubility enhancer and delivery vehicle for lipophilic compounds. However, the practical applications of PG in food and pharmaceutical fields are limited by their high hydrophilicity and relatively low encapsulation efficiency compared with other delivery systems. The objectives of this work were to chemically modify native PG nanoparticles with hydrophobic groups and to characterize their physicochemical properties, as well as to evaluate the application feasibility of modified PG (mPG) nanoparticles as a carrier for hydrophobic bioactive compounds. The surface hydroxyl groups of PG nanoparticles were capped with various anhydrides, e.g., acetic, valeric, and N-caprylic, to obtain the PG nanoparticles with different hydrophobicity. Successful modification by acyl groups was evidenced by both Fourier-transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The mPG nanoparticles exhibited a more compact structure and homogeneous size distribution as revealed by dynamic light scattering measurement and visualized by transmission electron microscope, while their size slightly increased with the chain length of anhydride. Rheological measurement revealed that the viscosity of mPG at low shear rate was increased with the increase of degree of substitution due to the intermolecular hydrophobic association. A novel pH-driven method to load curcumin showed significantly higher encapsulation efficiency and greater antioxidant activity compared with traditional ethanol mediated loading method. Hydrophobic modification of natural dendritic PG nanostructures demonstrates promising potential to develop food-grade nanocarriers for lipophilic bioactive compounds with improved bioactivity.
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Structure, bioactivity and applications of natural hyperbranched polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115076. [PMID: 31427017 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hyperbranched polymers, especially the natural hyperbranched polysaccharides (HBPSs), are receiving much attention due to their diverse biological activities and applications. With high degree of branching (DB), HBPSs mainly exist in the form of either a comb-brush shape, dendrimer-like particulate, or globular particle. HBPSs also possess some unique properties, such as high density, large spatial cavities, and numerous terminal functional groups, which distinguish them from other polymers. As a natural biopolymer, HBPS has excellent bioavailability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, which have versatile applications in the fields of food, medicine, cosmetic, and nanomaterials. In this review, the source and structure of HBPSs from plant, animal, microbial and fungal origins as well as their biological functions and applications are covered, with the aim of further advancing the research of their structure and bioactivity.
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Xiao C, Hu H, Yang H, Li S, Zhou H, Ruan J, Zhu Y, Yang X, Li Z. Colloidal hydroxyethyl starch for tumor-targeted platinum delivery. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1002-1012. [PMID: 36133197 PMCID: PMC9473228 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cis-platinum has been widely used as a first-line chemotherapy agent in clinics for more than 40 years. Although considerable efforts have been expended for developing platinum-based nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) to resolve the problems of low water solubility, short half-life, and severe side effects of cis-platinum, it remains challenging to apply these nanoplatforms to cancer treatments in clinics on account of the issues related to safety, complex fabrication procedures, and limited cellular uptake. Herein, we constructed a novel cis-platinum delivery system with hydroxyethyl starch (HES), which is a semisynthetic polysaccharide that has been used worldwide as colloidal plasma volume expanders (PVE) in clinics for several decades. By combining TEM, AFM, and DLS, we have found that HES particles are colloidal nanoparticles in solution, with diameters ranging from 15 to 40 nm as a function of molecular weight. We further revealed that HES adopted a hyperbranched colloidal structure with rather compact conformation. These results demonstrate that HES is a promising nanocarrier to deliver drug molecules. Taking advantage of the poly-hydroxyl sites of HES, we constructed a novel HES-based cis-platinum delivery nanoplatform. HES was directly conjugated with cis-platinum prodrug via an ester bond and decorated with an active targeting molecule, lactobionic acid (LA), contributing toward higher in vitro antitumor activity against hepatoma carcinoma cells as compared to cis-platinum. These results have significant implications for the clinically used plasma volume expander-HES and shed light on the clinical translation of HES-based nano drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China +86 27 87792234 +86 27 87792234
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceutics, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hang Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China +86 27 87792234 +86 27 87792234
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceutics, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hai Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China +86 27 87792234 +86 27 87792234
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceutics, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Si Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China +86 27 87792234 +86 27 87792234
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceutics, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceutics, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Wuhan HUST Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd Wuhan 430223 China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Wuhan HUST Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd Wuhan 430223 China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China +86 27 87792234 +86 27 87792234
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceutics, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China +86 27 87792234 +86 27 87792234
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceutics, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology High Tech Road 666, East Lake High Tech Zone Wuhan 430040 China
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Rezaian M, Maleki R, Dahri Dahroud M, Alamdari A, Alimohammadi M. pH-Sensitive Co-Adsorption/Release of Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel by Carbon Nanotube, Fullerene, and Graphene Oxide in Combination with N-isopropylacrylamide: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E127. [PMID: 30380660 PMCID: PMC6316683 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy have been the topic of interest for many researchers and scientists. In this research, we have studied the pH sensitive co-adsorption and release of doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PAX) by carbon nanotube (CNT), fullerene, and graphene oxide (GO) in combination with N-isopropylacrylamide (PIN). This simulation study has been performed by use of molecular dynamics. Interaction energies, hydrogen bond, and gyration radius were investigated. Results reveal that, compared with fullerene and GO, CNT is a better carrier for the co-adsorption and co-release of DOX and PAX. It can adsorb the drugs in plasma pH and release it in vicinity of cancerous tissues which have acidic pH. Investigating the number of hydrogen bonds revealed that PIN created many hydrogen bonds with water resulting in high hydrophilicity of PIN, hence making it more stable in the bloodstream while preventing from its accumulation. It is also concluded from this study that CNT and PIN would make a suitable combination for the delivery of DOX and PAX, because PIN makes abundant hydrogen bonds and CNT makes stable interactions with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rezaian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19839-63113 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Dahri Dahroud
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
| | - Abdolmohammad Alamdari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
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7
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Chen K, Zhang S, Wang H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yu L, Ke L, Gong R. Fabrication of Doxorubicin-Loaded Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Biotin-Starch Nanoparticles and Drug Delivery Into HepG2 Cells In Vitro. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201800031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuanmin Chen
- College of Life Science; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P.R. China
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Life Science; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Life Science; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Life Science; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Life Science; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P.R. China
- School of Forensic Medicine; Wannan Medical College; Wuhu 241002 P.R. China
| | - Lizhen Yu
- College of Life Science; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy; Wannan Medical College; Wuhu 241002 P.R. China
| | - Lixia Ke
- College of Life Science; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P.R. China
| | - Renmin Gong
- College of Life Science; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P.R. China
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8
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Sideratou Z, Agathokleous M, Theodossiou TA, Tsiourvas D. Functionalized Hyperbranched Polyethylenimines as Thermosensitive Drug Delivery Nanocarriers with Controlled Transition Temperatures. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:315-328. [PMID: 29313672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The low critical solution temperature phase transition (Tc) that is exhibited by thermosensitive polymers is strongly dependent on polymer concentration, pH, ionic strength, as well as the presence of specific molecules or ions in solution. Therefore, polymers with Tc values above 37 °C that are useful for hyperthermia therapy are not readily available. In the present study, temperature-sensitive hyperbranched polyethylenimine derivatives were developed through stepwise functionalization with isobutylamide groups. Although factors such as the concentration of polymer, sodium chloride, phosphate ions, and pH considerably affect the transition temperature, it was possible to obtain a hyperbranched derivative having the required Tc (38-39 °C) for the given aqueous medium required in cell experiments through careful selection of the degree of substitution. This thermosensitive derivative can encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX), a well-known anticancer agent, and was further studied as a temperature-triggered drug delivery system. Although the polymeric carrier showed no notable toxicity at temperatures either below or above the transition temperature, the thermoresponsive drug-loaded formulation exhibited increased DOX cellular uptake and improved in vitro cytotoxicity at 40 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Maria Agathokleous
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Theodossis A Theodossiou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
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9
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Abstract
The advantageous biological properties of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) triggered research interest toward the design and synthesis of drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on this polysaccharide. Convenient reaction schemes, including one-step reactions, led to the synthesis of HES conjugates with selected anticancer molecules or therapeutic proteins. Nanocapsules and hydrogels based on HES were also prepared and studied as prospective drug delivery systems. Formulations originating from these drug conjugates and also from nanocapsules and hydrogels loaded with drugs were characterized, highlighting the extension of their half-life in plasma, which is a critical property as far as their efficacy is concerned. Results obtained in vitro and in vivo proved promising, justifying the undertaking of additional experiments with such systems, including their multifunctionalization. The promising formulations that are discussed in this Topical Review is expected to further increase interest in applying HES for molecular constructing novel DDSs with enhanced efficacy, which may, in the future, find clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos M Paleos
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki Greece.,Regulon AE , Apollonos 1, 19400 Koropi, Attiki Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki Greece
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Li D, Ding J, Zhuang X, Chen L, Chen X. Drug binding rate regulates the properties of polysaccharide prodrugs. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5167-5177. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00991c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The properties of polysaccharide prodrugs are regulated by the drug binding rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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Shao D, Wang Z, Dong WF, Zhang X, Zheng X, Xiao XA, Wang YS, Zhao X, Zhang M, Li J, Huo QS, Chen L. Facile Synthesis of Core-shell Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for pH-sensitive Anticancer Drug Delivery. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province; College of Basic Medical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province; College of Basic Medical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou 215163 China
| | - Wen-fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou 215163 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province; College of Basic Medical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province; College of Basic Medical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Xuan-ang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province; College of Basic Medical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Ying-shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics; College of Electronic Science and Engineering; Jilin University; 2699, Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province; College of Basic Medical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province; College of Basic Medical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province; College of Basic Medical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Qi-sheng Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 2699, Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province; College of Basic Medical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
- School of Nursing; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
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