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Fernandes RMN, Cardoso CAL, Alves DR, Morais SM, Scapin E. Parkia from Cerrado: phytochemical bioprospection, toxicity and in vitro bioactivities of bark and flower extracts. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e275733. [PMID: 38055580 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkia platycephala is the only species of the genus Parkia that is endemic to the brazilian Cerrado and the tree symbol of the state of Tocantins, but there are still few studies regarding its bioprospecting. In this study, we aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, toxicity and bioactivities of the bark and flower of Parkia platycephala. Hot sequential extractions (Soxhlet) were performed using methanol and hydroethanolic solution (70%), after degreasing the sample (hexane). The presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids and alkaloids was detected in the preliminary screening. Trilinolein, (Z)-9-octadecenamide, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose were detected by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In the Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector (LC-PDA) analysis, it was detected exclusively ferulic acid (bark) and ellagic acid (flower). The ethanolic extract of the bark (IC50=10.69 ± 0.35 µgmL-1) has an antioxidant potential (DPPH• radical) higher than that of the rutin standard (IC50=15.85 ± 0.08 µgmL-1). All extracts showed excellent anticholinesterase potential (Ellman), with emphasis on the ethanol extract of the flower (IC50 =5.34 ± 0.12 µgmL-1). Regarding toxicity (Artemia salina), the methanolic extract of the bark and the ethanolic extract of the flower presented high and moderate levels, respectively. Such results limit the concentrations of biological activities in this study, however, the antioxidant and anticholinesterase indices fall short of toxicity. The results demonstrated promising antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of both the bark and the flower of Parkia platycephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M N Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE, Palmas,TO, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Curso de Engenharia Ambiental, Laboratório de Química, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - C A L Cardoso
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - D R Alves
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UEC, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - S M Morais
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará - UEC, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - E Scapin
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE, Palmas,TO, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Curso de Engenharia Ambiental, Laboratório de Química, Palmas, TO, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Ambiente - CIAMB, Palmas, TO, Brasil
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Rütten A, Kirchner T, Musiol-Kroll EM. Overview on Strategies and Assays for Antibiotic Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1302. [PMID: 36297414 PMCID: PMC9607151 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance poses a major threat to global health. Actinomycetes, the Gram-positive bacteria of the order Actinomycetales, are fertile producers of bioactive secondary metabolites, including antibiotics. Nearly two-thirds of antibiotics that are used for the treatment of bacterial infections were originally isolated from actinomycetes strains belonging to the genus Streptomyces. This emphasizes the importance of actinomycetes in antibiotic discovery. However, the identification of a new antimicrobial compound and the exploration of its mode of action are very challenging tasks. Therefore, different approaches that enable the "detection" of an antibiotic and the characterization of the mechanisms leading to the biological activity are indispensable. Beyond bioinformatics tools facilitating the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), whole cell-screenings-in which cells are exposed to actinomycete-derived compounds-are a common strategy applied at the very early stage in antibiotic drug development. More recently, target-based approaches have been established. In this case, the drug candidates were tested for interactions with usually validated targets. This review focuses on the bioactivity-based screening methods and provides the readers with an overview on the most relevant assays for the identification of antibiotic activity and investigation of mechanisms of action. Moreover, the article includes examples of the successful application of these methods and suggestions for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Rütten
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections’ (CMFI), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Teresa Kirchner
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections’ (CMFI), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ewa Maria Musiol-Kroll
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections’ (CMFI), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Zhang L, He J, Bai L, Ruan S, Yang T, Luo Y. Ribosome-targeting antibacterial agents: Advances, challenges, and opportunities. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1855-1889. [PMID: 33501747 DOI: 10.1002/med.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes, which synthesize proteins, are critical organelles for the survival and growth of bacteria. About 60% of approved antibiotics discovered so far combat pathogenic bacteria by targeting ribosomes. However, several issues, such as drug resistance and toxicity, have impeded the clinical use of ribosome-targeting antibiotics. Moreover, the complexity of the bacteria ribosome structure has retarded the discovery of new ribosome-targeting agents that are considered as the key to the drug-resistance and toxicity. To deal with these challenges, efforts such as medicinal chemistry optimization, combination treatment, and new drug delivery system have been developed. But not enough, the development of structural biology and new screening methods bring powerful tools, such as cryo-electron microscopy technology, advanced computer-aided drug design, and cell-free in vitro transcription/translation systems, for the discovery of novel ribosome-targeting antibiotics. Thus, in this paper, we overview the research on different aspects of bacterial ribosomes, especially focus on discussing the challenges in the discovery of ribosome-targeting antibacterial drugs and advances made to address issues such as drug-resistance and selectivity, which, we believe, provide perspectives for the discovery of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lang Bai
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shihua Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Cochrane WG, Malone ML, Dang VQ, Cavett V, Satz AL, Paegel BM. Activity-Based DNA-Encoded Library Screening. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:425-435. [PMID: 30884226 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Robotic high-throughput compound screening (HTS) and, increasingly, DNA-encoded library (DEL) screening are driving bioactive chemical matter discovery in the postgenomic era. HTS enables activity-based investigation of highly complex targets using static compound libraries. Conversely, DEL grants efficient access to novel chemical diversity, although screening is limited to affinity-based selections. Here, we describe an integrated droplet-based microfluidic circuit that directly screens solid-phase DELs for activity. An example screen of a 67 100-member library for inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase autotaxin yielded 35 high-priority structures for nanomole-scale synthesis and validation (20 active), guiding candidate selection for synthesis at scale (5/5 compounds with IC50 values of 4-10 μM). We further compared activity-based hits with those of an analogous affinity-based DEL selection. This miniaturized screening platform paves the way toward applying DELs to more complex targets (signaling pathways, cellular response) and represents a distributable approach to small molecule discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexander L. Satz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) Roche Innovation Center Basel F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd Grenzacherstrasse 124 CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
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Antibacterial activity of ovatodiolide isolated from Anisomeles indica against Helicobacter pylori. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4205. [PMID: 30862888 PMCID: PMC6414523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with high incidence of gastric diseases. The extensive therapy of H. pylori infection with antibiotics has increased its resistance rates worldwide. Ovatodiolide, a pure constituent isolated from Anisomeles indica, has been demonstrated to possess bactericidal activity against H. pylori. In this study, ovatodiolide inhibited the growth of both H. pylori reference strain and clinical multidrug-resistant isolates. Docking analysis revealed that ovatodiolide fits into the hydrophobic pocket of a ribosomal protein, RpsB. Furthermore, ovatodiolide inhibited bacterial growth by reducing levels of RpsB, which plays a crucial role in protein translation. Our results demonstrate that ovatodiolide binds to a ribosomal protein and interferes with protein synthesis. This study provides evidence that ovatodiolide has the potential to be developed into a potent therapeutic agent for treating H. pylori infection.
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Thakral D, Tae HS. Discovery of a Structurally Unique Small Molecule that Inhibits Protein Synthesis. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 90:35-43. [PMID: 28356892 PMCID: PMC5369043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identifying and characterizing natural products and synthetic small molecules that inhibit biochemical processes such as ribosomal translation can lead to novel sources of molecular probes and therapeutics. The search for new antibiotics has been invigorated by the increasing burden of drug-resistant bacteria and has identified many clinically essential prokaryote-specific ribosome inhibitors. However, the current cohort of antibiotics is limited with regards to bacterial resistance mechanisms because of structural similarity within classes. From a high-throughput screen for translation inhibitors, we discovered a new compound, T6102, which inhibits bacterial protein synthesis in vitro, inhibits bacterial growth of Bacillus subtilis in vivo, and has a chemical structure that appears to be unique among known classes of translation-inhibiting antibiotics. T6102's unique structure compared to current clinically-utilized antibiotics makes it an exciting new candidate for the development of next-generation antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Thakral
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Durga Thakral, 367 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, Phone Number: 203-737-3402, Fax Number: 203-785-7430,
| | - Hyun Seop Tae
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Osterman IA, Bogdanov AA, Dontsova OA, Sergiev PV. Techniques for Screening Translation Inhibitors. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:antibiotics5030022. [PMID: 27348012 PMCID: PMC5039519 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The machinery of translation is one of the most common targets of antibiotics. The development and screening of new antibiotics usually proceeds by testing antimicrobial activity followed by laborious studies of the mechanism of action. High-throughput methods for new antibiotic screening based on antimicrobial activity have become routine; however, identification of molecular targets is usually a challenge. Therefore, it is highly beneficial to combine primary screening with the identification of the mechanism of action. In this review, we describe a collection of methods for screening translation inhibitors, with a special emphasis on methods which can be performed in a high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A Osterman
- Department of Chemistry and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Bogdanov
- Department of Chemistry and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Olga A Dontsova
- Department of Chemistry and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Petr V Sergiev
- Department of Chemistry and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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