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Charles N, Blank U. IgE-Mediated Activation of Mast Cells and Basophils in Health and Disease. Immunol Rev 2025; 331:e70024. [PMID: 40165512 DOI: 10.1111/imr.70024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Type 2-mediated immune responses protect the body against environmental threats at barrier surfaces, such as large parasites and environmental toxins, and facilitate the repair of inflammatory tissue damage. However, maladaptive responses to typically nonpathogenic substances, commonly known as allergens, can lead to the development of allergic diseases. Type 2 immunity involves a series of prototype TH2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and alarmins (IL-33, TSLP) that promote the generation of adaptive CD4+ helper Type 2 cells and humoral products such as allergen-specific IgE. Mast cells and basophils are integral players in this network, serving as primary effectors of IgE-mediated responses. These cells bind IgE via high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI) expressed on their surface and, upon activation by allergens, release a variety of mediators that regulate tissue responses, attract and modulate other inflammatory cells, and contribute to tissue repair. Here, we review the biology and effector mechanisms of these cells, focusing primarily on their role in mediating IgE responses in both physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Charles
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS EMR8252, Faculté de Médecine Site Bichat, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Blank
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS EMR8252, Faculté de Médecine Site Bichat, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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2
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Imamoto T, Kawasaki T, Sato H, Tatsumi K, Ishii D, Yoshioka K, Hasegawa Y, Ohara O, Suzuki T. Different Transcriptome Features of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Non-Emphysematous Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:66. [PMID: 38203236 PMCID: PMC10779039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-emphysematous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is defined based on chest computed tomography findings, presented different transcriptome features of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) compared with emphysematous COPD. Enrichment analysis of transcriptomic data in COPD demonstrated that the "Hematopoietic cell lineage" pathway in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was highly upregulated, suggesting that cellular dynamic dysregulation in COPD lungs is affected by pathologically modified PBMCs. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated in PBMCs reflected the disease state of non-emphysematous COPD. Upregulated DEGs such as XCL1, PRKCZ, TMEM102, CD200R1, and AQP1 activate T lymphocytes and eosinophils. Upregulating keratan sulfate biosynthesis and metabolic processes is associated with protection against the destruction of the distal airways. ITGA3 upregulation augments interactions with extracellular matrix proteins, and COL6A1 augments the profibrotic mast cell phenotype during alveolar collagen VI deposition. Upregulating HSPG2, PDGFRB, and PAK4 contributes to the thickening of the airway wall, and upregulating SERPINF1 expression explains the better-preserved vascular bed. Therefore, gene expression and pathway analysis in PBMCs in patients with non-emphysematous COPD represented type 2 immune responses and airway remodeling features. Therefore, these patients have asthmatic potential despite no clinical signs of asthma, in contrast to those with emphysematous COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Imamoto
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawasaki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Yoshioka
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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3
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Berlin F, Mogren S, Ly C, Ramu S, Hvidtfeldt M, Uller L, Porsbjerg C, Andersson CK. Mast Cell Tryptase Promotes Airway Remodeling by Inducing Anti-Apoptotic and Cell Growth Properties in Human Alveolar and Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1439. [PMID: 37408273 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial and alveolar remodeling and impaired epithelial function are characteristics of chronic respiratory diseases. In these patients, an increased number of mast cells (MCs) positive for serine proteases, tryptase and chymase, infiltrate the epithelium and alveolar parenchyma. However, little is known regarding the implication of intraepithelial MCs on the local environment, such as epithelial cell function and properties. In this study, we investigated whether MC tryptase is involved in bronchial and alveolar remodeling and the mechanisms of regulation during inflammation. Using novel holographic live cell imaging, we found that MC tryptase enhanced human bronchial and alveolar epithelial cell growth and shortened the cell division intervals. The elevated cell growth induced by tryptase remained in a pro-inflammatory state. Tryptase also increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BIRC3, as well as growth factor release in epithelial cells. Thus, our data imply that the intraepithelial and alveolar MC release of tryptase may play a critical role in disturbing bronchial epithelial and alveolar homeostasis by altering cell growth-death regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Berlin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Mogren
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Camilla Ly
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sangeetha Ramu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Morten Hvidtfeldt
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Uller
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilia K Andersson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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4
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Erjefält JS. Anatomical and histopathological approaches to asthma phenotyping. Respir Med 2023; 210:107168. [PMID: 36822489 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is typically characterized by variable respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Along with the pathophysiology and symptoms are immunological and inflammatory processes. The last decades research has revealed that the immunology of asthma is highly heterogeneous. This has clinical consequences and identification of immunological phenotypes is currently used to guide biological treatment. The focus of this review is on another dimension of asthma diversity, namely anatomical heterogeneity. Immunopathological alterations may go beyond the central airways to also involve the distal airways, the alveolar parenchyma, and pulmonary vessels. Also, extrapulmonary tissues are affected. The anatomical distribution of inflammation in asthma has remained relatively poorly discussed despite its potential implication on both clinical presentation and response to treatment. There is today evidence that a significant proportion of the asthma patients has small airway disease with type 2 immunity, eosinophilia and smooth muscle infiltration of mast cells. The small airways in asthma are also subjected to remodelling, constriction, and luminal plugging, events that are likely to contribute to the elevated distal airway resistance seen in some patients. In cases when the inflammation extends into the alveolar parenchyma alveolar FCER1-high mast cells, eosinophilia, type 2 immunity and activated alveolar macrophages, together with modest interstitial remodelling, create a complex immunopathological picture. Importantly, the distal lung inflammation in asthma can be pharmacologically targeted by use of inhalers with more distal drug deposition. Biological treatments, which are readily distributed to the distal lung, may also be beneficial in eligible patients with more severe and anatomically widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas S Erjefält
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Department of Experimental Medical Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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5
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Joglekar MM, Nizamoglu M, Fan Y, Nemani SSP, Weckmann M, Pouwels SD, Heijink IH, Melgert BN, Pillay J, Burgess JK. Highway to heal: Influence of altered extracellular matrix on infiltrating immune cells during acute and chronic lung diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:995051. [PMID: 36408219 PMCID: PMC9669433 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.995051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental insults including respiratory infections, in combination with genetic predisposition, may lead to lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis, asthma, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Common characteristics of these diseases are infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells and abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, leading to tissue damage and impairments in lung function. The ECM provides three-dimensional (3D) architectural support to the lung and crucial biochemical and biophysical cues to the cells, directing cellular processes. As immune cells travel to reach any site of injury, they encounter the composition and various mechanical features of the ECM. Emerging evidence demonstrates the crucial role played by the local environment in recruiting immune cells and their function in lung diseases. Moreover, recent developments in the field have elucidated considerable differences in responses of immune cells in two-dimensional versus 3D modeling systems. Examining the effect of individual parameters of the ECM to study their effect independently and collectively in a 3D microenvironment will help in better understanding disease pathobiology. In this article, we discuss the importance of investigating cellular migration and recent advances in this field. Moreover, we summarize changes in the ECM in lung diseases and the potential impacts on infiltrating immune cell migration in these diseases. There has been compelling progress in this field that encourages further developments, such as advanced in vitro 3D modeling using native ECM-based models, patient-derived materials, and bioprinting. We conclude with an overview of these state-of-the-art methodologies, followed by a discussion on developing novel and innovative models and the practical challenges envisaged in implementing and utilizing these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha M. Joglekar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - YiWen Fan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sai Sneha Priya Nemani
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology &Allergology, University Children’s Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
- Epigenetics of Chronic Lung Disease, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases; Leibniz Lung Research Center Borstel; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Markus Weckmann
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology &Allergology, University Children’s Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
- Epigenetics of Chronic Lung Disease, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases; Leibniz Lung Research Center Borstel; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Simon D. Pouwels
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Barbro N. Melgert
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Janesh Pillay
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Critical Care, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Janette K. Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, Groningen, Netherlands
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6
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The Role of TGFβ and Other Cytokines in Regulating Mast Cell Functions in Allergic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810864. [PMID: 36142776 PMCID: PMC9503477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are a key effector cell in multiple types of immune responses, including atopic conditions. Allergic diseases have been steadily rising across the globe, creating a growing public health problem. IgE-mediated activation of MCs leads to the release of potent mediators that can have dire clinical consequences. Current therapeutic options to inhibit MC activation and degranulation are limited; thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate MC effector functions in allergic inflammation are necessary in order to develop effective treatment options with minimal side effects. Several cytokines have been identified that play multifaceted roles in regulating MC activation, including TGFβ, IL-10, and IL-33, and others that appear to serve primarily anti-inflammatory functions, including IL-35 and IL-37. Here, we review the literature examining cytokines that regulate MC-mediated allergic immune responses.
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Komlósi ZI, van de Veen W, Kovács N, Szűcs G, Sokolowska M, O'Mahony L, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 85:100995. [PMID: 34364680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease in children, affecting at least 30 million children and young adults in Europe. Asthma is a complex, partially heritable disease with a marked heterogeneity. Its development is influenced both by genetic and environmental factors. The most common, as well as the most well characterized subtype of asthma is allergic eosinophilic asthma, which is characterized by a type 2 airway inflammation. The prevalence of asthma has substantially increased in industrialized countries during the last 60 years. The mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are incompletely understood, however increased exposure to various environmental pollutants probably plays a role. Disease inception is thought to be enabled by a disadvantageous shift in the balance between protective and harmful lifestyle and environmental factors, including exposure to protective commensal microbes versus infection with pathogens, collectively leading to airway epithelial cell damage and disrupted barrier integrity. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines are one of the main drivers of the type 2 immune response against innocuous allergens, ultimately leading to infiltration of lung tissue with type 2 T helper (TH2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), M2 macrophages and eosinophils. This review outlines the mechanisms responsible for the orchestration of type 2 inflammation and summarizes the novel findings, including but not limited to dysregulated epithelial barrier integrity, alarmin release and innate lymphoid cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt I Komlósi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Nóra Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Lung Health Hospital, Munkácsy Mihály Str. 70, 2045, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Tömő Str. 25-29, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
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8
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Weckmann M, Bahmer T, Bülow Sand JM, Rank Rønnow S, Pech M, Vermeulen C, Faiz A, Leeming DJ, Karsdal MA, Lunding L, Oliver BGG, Wegmann M, Ulrich-Merzenich G, Juergens UR, Duhn J, Laumonnier Y, Danov O, Sewald K, Zissler U, Jonker M, König I, Hansen G, von Mutius E, Fuchs O, Dittrich AM, Schaub B, Happle C, Rabe KF, van de Berge M, Burgess JK, Kopp MV. COL4A3 is degraded in allergic asthma and degradation predicts response to anti-IgE therapy. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.03969-2020. [PMID: 34326188 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03969-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogeneous syndrome substantiating the urgent requirement for endotype-specific biomarkers. Dysbalance of fibrosis and fibrolysis in asthmatic lung tissue leads to reduced levels of the inflammation-protective collagen 4 (COL4A3). OBJECTIVE To delineate the degradation of COL4A3 in allergic airway inflammation and evaluate the resultant product as a biomarker for anti-IgE therapy response. METHODS The serological COL4A3 degradation marker C4Ma3 (Nordic Bioscience, Denmark) and serum cytokines were measured in the ALLIANCE cohort (pediatric cases/controls: 134/35; adult cases/controls: 149/31). Exacerbation of allergic airway disease in mice was induced by sensitising to OVA, challenge with OVA aerosol and instillation of poly(cytidylic-inosinic). Fulacimstat (chymase inhibitor, Bayer) was used to determine the role of mast cell chymase in COL4A3 degradation. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF, n=14) and CF with allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA, n=9) as well as severe allergic, uncontrolled asthmatics (n=19) were tested for COL4A3 degradation. Omalizumab (anti-IgE) treatment was assessed by the Asthma Control Test. RESULTS Serum levels of C4Ma3 were increased in asthma in adults and children alike and linked to a more severe, exacerbating allergic asthma phenotype. In an experimental asthma mouse model, C4Ma3 was dependent on mast cell chymase. Serum C4Ma3 was significantly elevated in CF plus ABPA and at baseline predicted the success of the anti-IgE therapy in allergic, uncontrolled asthmatics (diagnostic odds ratio 31.5). CONCLUSION C4Ma3 level depend on lung mast cell chymase and are increased in a severe, exacerbating allergic asthma phenotype. C4Ma3 may serve as a novel biomarker to predict anti-IgE therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Weckmann
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology & Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Department of Pneumology, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Rank Rønnow
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark.,The Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Pech
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology & Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Cornelis Vermeulen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, , GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alen Faiz
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, , GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, , GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Lars Lunding
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Division of Asthma-Exacerbation & -Regulation; Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences Borstel
| | - Brian George G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Division of Asthma-Exacerbation & -Regulation; Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences Borstel
| | | | - Uwe R Juergens
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical Clinic II, University Hospital Bonn
| | - Jannis Duhn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olga Danov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (CPC-M), Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Marnix Jonker
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, , GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, , GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inke König
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- University Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,German Research Center for Environmental Health (CPC-M), Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Fuchs
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology & Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Inselspital, University Children's Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Maria Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- University Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,German Research Center for Environmental Health (CPC-M), Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Happle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Department of Pneumology, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Maarten van de Berge
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, , GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette Kay Burgess
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, , GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthias Volkmar Kopp
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology & Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.,Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Inselspital, University Children's Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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da Silva AL, de Oliveira GP, Kim N, Cruz FF, Kitoko JZ, Blanco NG, Martini SV, Hanes J, Rocco PRM, Suk JS, Morales MM. Nanoparticle-based thymulin gene therapy therapeutically reverses key pathology of experimental allergic asthma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay7973. [PMID: 32577505 PMCID: PMC7286682 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite long-standing efforts to enhance care for chronic asthma, symptomatic treatments remain the only option to manage this highly prevalent and debilitating disease. We demonstrate that key pathology of allergic asthma can be almost completely resolved in a therapeutic manner by inhaled gene therapy. After the disease was fully and stably established, we treated mice intratracheally with a single dose of thymulin-expressing plasmids delivered via nanoparticles engineered to have a unique ability to penetrate the airway mucus barrier. Twenty days after the treatment, we found that all key pathologic features found in the asthmatic lung, including chronic inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, and mechanical dysregulation, were normalized. We conducted tissue- and cell-based analyses to confirm that the therapeutic intervention was mediated comprehensively by anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of the therapy. We believe that our findings open a new avenue for clinical development of therapeutically effective gene therapy for chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L. da Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisele P. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Namho Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fernanda F. Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jamil Z. Kitoko
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia G. Blanco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sabrina V. Martini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.S.S.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Marcelo M. Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Corresponding author. (J.S.S.); (M.M.M.)
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10
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Beute J, Ganesh K, Nastiti H, Hoogenboom R, Bos V, Folkerts J, Schreurs MWJ, Hockman S, Hendriks RW, KleinJan A. PDE3 Inhibition Reduces Epithelial Mast Cell Numbers in Allergic Airway Inflammation and Attenuates Degranulation of Basophils and Mast Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:470. [PMID: 32425769 PMCID: PMC7206980 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mast cells are generally present in the airways of patients with allergic asthma that are inadequately controlled. Airway mast cells (MCs) are critically involved in allergic airway inflammation and contribute directly to the main symptoms of allergic patients. Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) tailors signaling of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which are critical intracellular second messenger molecules in various signaling pathways. This paper investigates the pathophysiological role and disease-modifying effects of PDE3 in mouse bone marrow-derived MCs (bmMCs), human LAD2- and HMC1 mast cell lines, human blood basophils, and peripheral blood-derived primary human MCs (HuMCs). In a chronic house dust mite (HDM)-driven allergic airway inflammation mouse model, we observed that PDE3 deficiency or PDE3 inhibition (PDE3i) therapy reduced the numbers of epithelial MCs, when compared to control mice. Mouse bone marrow-derived MCs (bmMCs) and the human HMC1 and LAD2 cell lines predominantly expressed PDE3B and PDE4A. BmMCs from Pde3−/− mice showed reduced loss of the degranulation marker CD107b compared with wild-type BmMCs, when stimulated in an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent manner. Following both IgE-mediated and substance P-mediated activation, PDE3i-pretreated basophils, LAD2 cells, and HuMCs, showed less degranulation than diluent controls, as measured by surface CD63 expression. MCs lacking PDE3 or treated with the PDE3i enoximone exhibited a lower calcium flux upon stimulation with ionomycine. In conclusion PDE3 plays a critical role in basophil and mast cell degranulation and therefore its inhibition may be a treatment option in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Beute
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Keerthana Ganesh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hedwika Nastiti
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robin Hoogenboom
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vivica Bos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jelle Folkerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Steve Hockman
- Flow Cytometry Core of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex KleinJan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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11
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da Silva AL, Silva LA, Cruz FF, Rocco PRM, Morales MM. Application of novel nanotechnologies in asthma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:159. [PMID: 32309307 PMCID: PMC7154405 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lopes da Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rede NanoSaúde, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luisa Andrade Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rede NanoSaúde, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rede NanoSaúde, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rede NanoSaúde, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Marcos Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rede NanoSaúde, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Jendzjowsky NG, Kelly MM. The Role of Airway Myofibroblasts in Asthma. Chest 2019; 156:1254-1267. [PMID: 31472157 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a characteristic feature of asthma and is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of airway hyperresponsiveness. Myofibroblasts are key structural cells involved in injury and repair, and there is evidence that dysregulation of their normal function contributes to airway remodeling. Despite the importance of myofibroblasts, a lack of specific cellular markers and inconsistent nomenclature have limited recognition of their key role in airway remodeling. Myofibroblasts are increased several-fold in the airways in asthma, in proportion to the severity of the disease. Myofibroblasts are postulated to be derived from both tissue-resident and bone marrow-derived cells, depending on the stage of injury and the tissue. A small number of studies have demonstrated attenuation of myofibroblast numbers and also reversal of established myofibroblast populations in asthma and other inflammatory processes. In this article, we review what is currently known about the biology of myofibroblasts in the airways in asthma and identify potential targets to reduce or reverse the remodeling process. However, further translational research is required to better understand the mechanistic role of the myofibroblast in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Jendzjowsky
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Margaret M Kelly
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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13
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Elieh Ali Komi D, Bjermer L. Mast Cell-Mediated Orchestration of the Immune Responses in Human Allergic Asthma: Current Insights. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 56:234-247. [PMID: 30506113 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Improving the lung function after experimental allergen challenge by blocking of mast cell (MC) mediators and the capability of MC mediators (including histamine, prostaglandin (PG) D2, and leukotriene (LT) C4) in induction of mucosal edema, bronchoconstriction, and mucus secretion provide evidence that MCs play a key role in pathophysiology of asthma. In asthma, the number of MCs increases in the airways and infiltration of MCs in a variety of anatomical sites including the epithelium, the submucosal glands, and the smooth muscle bundles occurs. MC localization within the ASM is accompanied with the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the layer, and smooth muscle dysfunction that is mainly observed in forms of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and variable airflow obstruction. Owing to the expression of a wide range of surface receptors and releasing various cytoplasmic mediators, MCs orchestrate the pathologic events of the disease. MC-released preformed mediators including chymase, tryptase, and histamine and de novo synthesized mediators such as PGD2, LTC4, and LTE4 in addition of cytokines mainly TGFβ1, TSLP, IL-33, IL-4, and IL-13 participate in pathogenesis of asthma. The release of MC mediators and MC/airway cell interactions during remodeling phase of asthma results in persistent cellular and structural changes in the airway wall mainly epithelial cell shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, hypertrophy of ASM bundles, fibrosis in subepithelial region, abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), increased tissue vascularity, and basement membrane thickening. We will review the current knowledge regarding the participation of MCs in each stage of asthma pathophysiology including the releasing mediators and their mechanism of action, expression of receptors by which they respond to stimuli, and finally the pharmaceutical products designed based on the strategy of blocking MC activation and mediator release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Inst for Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Lung and Allergy Research, Skane University Hospital, Lasarettsgatan 7, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Zastrzeżyńska W, Przybyszowski M, Bazan-Socha S, Gawlewicz-Mroczka A, Sadowski P, Okoń K, Jakieła B, Plutecka H, Ćmiel A, Sładek K, Musiał J, Soja J. Omalizumab may decrease the thickness of the reticular basement membrane and fibronectin deposit in the bronchial mucosa of severe allergic asthmatics. J Asthma 2019; 57:468-477. [PMID: 30905217 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1585872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Immunoglobulin E is an important modulator of the inflammatory reaction in allergic asthma. It also contributes to airway remodeling in the course of the disease. The authors evaluated airway structural changes in severe allergic asthma during the omalizumab therapy. Patients and methods: The study included 13 patients with severe allergic asthma treated with omalizumab for at least one year. In each patient clinical, laboratory, and spirometry parameters were evaluated before and after the treatment. In addition, bronchoscopy with bronchial mucosa biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. The basal lamina thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibronectin, as well as type I and III collagen accumulation were assessed in bronchial mucosa specimens, together with the assessment of bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity. Results: The omalizumab therapy led to a decrease in the basal lamina thickness (p = 0.002), and to a reduction in fibronectin (p = 0.02), but not collagen deposits in the bronchial mucosa. The decrease in fibronectin accumulation was associated with an improvement in asthma control and quality of life (p = 0.01, both), and a diminished dose of systemic corticosteroids (p = 0.001). It was also associated with a tendency towards reduction of the eosinophil count in the peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and bronchial mucosa specimens. Conclusion: Our study has shown that omalizumab, effective in the treatment of severe allergic asthma, may also decrease unfavorable structural airway changes in allergic asthmatics, at least with respect to the fibronectin deposit and an increased thickness of the basal lamina. However, more extensive observational studies are needed to verify the above hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Przybyszowski
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stanisława Bazan-Socha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gawlewicz-Mroczka
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Sadowski
- Department of Pathology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Okoń
- Department of Pathology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Jakieła
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hanna Plutecka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Ćmiel
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sładek
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Musiał
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Soja
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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15
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Wilcock A, Bahri R, Bulfone‐Paus S, Arkwright PD. Mast cell disorders: From infancy to maturity. Allergy 2019; 74:53-63. [PMID: 30390314 DOI: 10.1111/all.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are typically linked to immediate hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. This review looks beyond this narrow role, focusing on how these cells have evolved and diversified via natural selection promoting serine protease gene duplication, augmenting their innate host defense function against helminths and snake envenomation. Plasticity of mast cell genes has come at a price. Somatic activating mutations in the mast cell growth factor KIT gene cause cutaneous mastocytosis in young children and systemic mastocytosis with a more guarded prognosis in adults who may also harbor other gene mutations with oncogenic potential as they age. Allelic TPSAB1 gene duplication associated with higher basal mast cell tryptase is possibly one of the commonest autosomal dominantly inherited multi-system diseases affecting the skin, gastrointestinal tract, circulation and musculoskeletal system. Mast cells are also establishing a new-found importance in severe asthma, and in remodeling of blood vessels in cancer and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that mast cells sense changes in oxygen tension, particularly in neonates, and that subsequent degranulation may contribute to common lung, eye, and brain diseases of prematurity classically associated with hypoxic insults. One hundred and forty years since Paul Ehrlich's initial description of "mastzellen," this review collates and highlights the complex and diverse roles that mast cells play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wilcock
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Rajia Bahri
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Silvia Bulfone‐Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Peter D. Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
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