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Michelerio A, Greco A, Tomasini D, Tomasini C. Galli-Galli Disease: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2024; 11:79-100. [PMID: 38390850 PMCID: PMC10885078 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Galli-Galli disease (GGD) is a rare genodermatosis that exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance with variable penetrance. GGD typically manifests with erythematous macules, papules, and reticulate hyperpigmentation in flexural areas. A distinct atypical variant exists, which features brown macules predominantly on the trunk, lower limbs, and extremities, with a notable absence of the hallmark reticulated hyperpigmentation in flexural areas. This review includes a detailed literature search and examines cases since GGD's first description in 1982. It aims to synthesize the current knowledge on GGD, covering its etiology, clinical presentation, histopathology, diagnosis, and treatment. A significant aspect of this review is the exploration of the genetic, histopathological, and clinical parallels between GGD and Dowling-Degos disease (DDD), which is another rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis, particularly focusing on their shared mutations in the KRT5 and POGLUT1 genes. This supports the hypothesis that GGD and DDD may be different phenotypic expressions of the same pathological condition, although they have traditionally been recognized as separate entities, with suprabasal acantholysis being a distinctive feature of GGD. Lastly, this review discusses the existing treatment approaches, underscoring the absence of established guidelines and the limited effectiveness of various treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Michelerio
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Tomasini
- Dermatology Unit, ASST Valle Olona, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Carlo Tomasini
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dermatology Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Chang CH, Wu RW, Weng HY, Huang WP, Lin YF, Liu YM, Tsai SF. Protein O-fucosyltransferase-1 mutation in familial Dowling-Degos Disease concomitant with atopic dermatitis. DERMATOL SIN 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1027-8117.359341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Dowling-Degos Disease Presenting With Associated Epidermal Inclusion Cysts: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 44:e29-e32. [PMID: 34816802 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dowling-Degos Disease (DDD) is a rare and disfiguring autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by reticulate hyperpigmented macules or follicular comedone-like papules in the intertriginous areas that typically presents in the third or fourth decade of life. It is a progressive disease that is often treatment-resistant. Although its association with hidradenitis suppurativa has been well described, DDD has also been less commonly reported in conjunction with other dermatologic diseases with unknown etiologic associations. Herein, we present a case of DDD with associated epidermal inclusion cysts and conduct a literature review of dermatologic conditions reported in association with DDD.
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Abstract
O-Linked glycosylation such as O-fucose, O-glucose, and O-N-acetylglucosamine are considered to be unusual. As suggested by the high levels of evolutional conservation, these O-glycans are fundamentally important for life. In the last two decades, our understanding of the importance of these glycans has greatly advanced. In particular, identification of the glycosyltransferases responsible for the biosynthesis of these glycans has accelerated basic research on the functional significance and molecular mechanisms by which these O-glycans regulate protein functions as well as clinical research on human diseases due to changes in these types of O-glycosylation. Notably, Notch receptor signaling is modified with and regulated by these types of O-glycans. Here, we summarize the current view of the structures and the significance of these O-glycans mainly in the context of Notch signaling regulation and human diseases.
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Agarwal P, Jagati A, Neazee S, Patel SV. Follicular Dowling Degos Disease with Lichen Planus in Two Siblings: A Rare Association. Indian Dermatol Online J 2021; 12:459-461. [PMID: 34211919 PMCID: PMC8202491 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_309_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Agarwal
- Department of Dermatology, SCL Hospital, N.H.L. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Jagati
- Department of Dermatology, SCL Hospital, N.H.L. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sabha Neazee
- Department of Dermatology, SCL Hospital, N.H.L. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shefali V Patel
- Department of Dermatology, SCL Hospital, N.H.L. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Balighi K, Dastgheib M, Ghannadan A, Qadikolaee PY, Hamzelou S. Co-occurrence of Dowling-Degos disease and pemphigus vulgaris. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:e311-e313. [PMID: 33660255 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Balighi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mani Dastgheib
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghannadan
- Department of Pathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Y Qadikolaee
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Hamzelou
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Stephan C, Kurban M, Abbas O. Dowling-Degos disease: a review. Int J Dermatol 2020; 60:944-950. [PMID: 33368260 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dowling-Degos disease is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. It is characterized by acquired reticulate hyperpigmentation over the flexures, comedone-like follicular papules, and pitted perioral scars that usually develop during adulthood. Mutations in genes affecting melanosome transfer, and melanocyte and keratinocyte differentiation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. These genes include KRT5, POFUT1, POGLUT1 and, most recently, PSENEN. Dowling-Degos disease can be found in isolation or with other associated findings, most notably hidradenitis suppurativa. This condition belongs to a spectrum of conditions that all result in reticulate hyperpigmentation that at times are hard to distinguish from each other. The most closely linked entity is Galli-Galli, which is clinically indistinguishable from Dowling-Degos disease and can only be distinguished by the presence of acantholysis on microscopy. Unfortunately, Dowling-Degos disease is generally progressive and recalcitrant to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Stephan
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Matsumoto K, Luther KB, Haltiwanger RS. Diseases related to Notch glycosylation. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100938. [PMID: 33341260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Notch receptors are a family of transmembrane proteins that mediate direct cell-cell interactions and control numerous cell-fate specifications in humans. The extracellular domains of mammalian Notch proteins contain 29-36 tandem epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats, most of which have O-linked glycan modifications: O-glucose added by POGLUT1, O-fucose added by POFUT1 and elongated by Fringe enzymes, and O-GlcNAc added by EOGT. The extracellular domain is also N-glycosylated. Mutations in the glycosyltransferases modifying Notch have been identified in several diseases, including Dowling-Degos Disease (haploinsufficiency of POFUT1 or POGLUT1), a form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (autosomal recessive mutations in POGLUT1), Spondylocostal Dysostosis 3 (autosomal recessive mutations in LFNG), Adams-Oliver syndrome (autosomal recessive mutations in EOGT), and some cancers (amplification, gain or loss-of-function of POFUT1, Fringe enzymes, POGLUT1, MGAT3). Here we review the characteristics of these diseases and potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiroo Matsumoto
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kelvin B Luther
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Piccolo V, Corneli P, Russo T, Danielsson M, Zalaudek I, Argenziano G. Classic Dowling Degos disease: a rare genodermatosis. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2019; 156:71-72. [PMID: 31195785 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.19.06386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Corneli
- Department of Dermatology, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy -
| | - Teresa Russo
- Unit of Dermatology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Markus Danielsson
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Department of Dermatology, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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