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Ricciardo BM, Kessaris HL, Cherian S, Kumarasinghe SP, Amgarth-Duff I, Sron D, Oladokun R, Tatian AH, Bowen AC. Healthy skin for children and young people with skin of colour starts with clinician knowledge and recognition: a narrative review. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2025; 9:262-273. [PMID: 40113368 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(24)00356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Revised: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Skin conditions most frequently encountered in paediatric practice include infections, infestations, atopic dermatitis, and acne. Skin of colour refers to skin with increased melanin and darker pigmentation, and reflects global racial and ethnic diversity. Managing skin conditions in skin of colour requires health equity nuance, which is rarely explicitly taught. Awareness of the demographic factors, social determinants of health, and cultural practices that affect prevalence, morphological differences, and treatment of skin conditions is imperative. In this Review, we present the burden and clinical features of the common childhood skin conditions impetigo, scabies, head lice, tinea, atopic dermatitis, and acne in skin of colour. Paediatricians play an important role in diagnosis and management of these conditions to improve quality of life and prevent downstream complications, but they require education around skin of colour. We also discuss the systemic and structural racism, and the environmental and socioeconomic disadvantage, that perpetuate skin health inequity in communities with skin of colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette M Ricciardo
- Department of Dermatology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Healthy Skin and ARF Prevention, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Heather-Lynn Kessaris
- Department of Dermatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Healthy Skin and ARF Prevention, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sarah Cherian
- Department of General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Department of Refugee and Global Health, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - S Prasad Kumarasinghe
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Western Dermatology, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ingrid Amgarth-Duff
- Healthy Skin and ARF Prevention, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Dasmesh Sron
- Department of Dermatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Regina Oladokun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Artiene H Tatian
- Department of Dermatology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, NSW, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Asha C Bowen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Healthy Skin and ARF Prevention, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Huang Y, Chen S, Liu X, Du D, Jiang X. Differences in the Clinical Characteristics of Male Patients With Different Ages of Rosacea: A Retrospective Study of 215 Male Outpatients. J Cosmet Dermatol 2025; 24:e16620. [PMID: 39373316 PMCID: PMC11743307 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosacea is more common in women and Caucasians, leading to little research on rosacea in Asian men. Additionally, there is limited research on the patients across different age groups. AIMS The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the characteristics of male patients of rosacea among different age groups. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 215 male patients with rosacea, investigating their characteristics, clinical symptoms, exacerbating factors, complications, psychological status, and treatment, as well as exploring factors influencing the early onset of male rosacea. RESULTS The patients were divided into three age groups (≤ 30 years, 31-44 years, and ≥ 45 years), with the study revealing an average age of 38.59 ± 13.13 years among the patients. The most common subtype of rosacea in men was erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR), followed by phymatous rosacea (PhR). The main reported features included persistent erythema (87.4%) and telangiectasia (71.2%), predominantly affecting the nose (58.6%) and cheeks (56.3%). Twenty-six percent of patients reported concurrent skin diseases, with 14.0% reporting systemic diseases. Significant differences were observed among different age groups regarding family history, clinical features, lesion distribution, symptom severity, aggravating factors, presence of systemic diseases, and treatment preferences. Subjective skin typing, Fitzpatrick phototype, and positive family history were identified as factors influencing the age of onset of rosacea in men. CONCLUSION Male patients with rosacea exhibit distinct clinical characteristics, with a greater prevalence of nasal involvement and nasal lesions among male patients. Clinical features vary among different age groups, with patients aged ≥ 45 experiencing more complex and severe symptoms. Patients aged ≤ 30 may be more influenced by genetic factors and have higher treatment expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Huang
- Department of Dermatology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siliang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Dermatology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Nguyen L, Seeber N, Baron JM, Hammes S, Karsai S, Fischer TC, Imhof L, Kautz G, Sattler S, Deussing M, Dierckxsens C, Thiem A, Drosos Z, Grosse‐Buening S, Ganjuur N, Kampmann A, May JK, Schneider SW, Kerscher M, Herberger K. Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Telangiectasia in Rosacea. J Cosmet Dermatol 2025; 24:e16593. [PMID: 39462864 PMCID: PMC11743054 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telangiectasia is a prominent feature of rosacea leading to a high demand for effective treatment. To ensure consistent clinical and scientific evaluations and assess treatment response accurately, standardized assessment tools are necessary for grading the severity of telangiectasia. However, no validated grading scales for this condition are currently available. AIM To develop and validate a photonumeric scale for assessing the severity of telangiectasia in rosacea patients. METHODS The five-point photonumeric Telangiectasia in Rosacea Severity Assessment (TRoSA) scale was developed for the severity of telangiectasia in rosacea. Sixteen experts participated in the validation process, evaluating 50 images of rosacea patients in two rounds. Interrater and intrarater reliability were analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa, respectively. RESULTS Interrater reliability was found to be "almost perfect" in both validation rounds (Round 1: ICC 0.847; Round 2: ICC 0.828). The mean weighted kappa indicated "substantial" intrarater reliability between the two rounds with a weighted kappa of 0.719. A bubble plot of the two rounds illustrated a diagonal order, confirming the consistency of the intrarater agreement. CONCLUSIONS The TRoSA scale demonstrated high interrater and intrarater reliability indicating that it is a consistent and reproducible tool for grading the severity of telangiectasia in rosacea. This scale can standardize clinical assessments, assisting in diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynhda Nguyen
- Laser Department, Department of Dermatology and VenereologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Nikolaus Seeber
- Joint Practice for Dermatology Dres. Peter/Seeber/AltheideHamburgGermany
| | - Jens M. Baron
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyUniversity Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Stefan Hammes
- Department for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic SurgeryUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Syrus Karsai
- Private PracticesDermatologikum HamburgHamburgGermany
| | | | - Laurence Imhof
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Gerd Kautz
- Skin and Laser Clinic Dr. KautzKonzGermany
| | | | - Maximilian Deussing
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Alexander Thiem
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and VenereologyUniversity Medical Center RostockRostockGermany
| | | | | | | | - Anna‐Sophie Kampmann
- Laser Department, Department of Dermatology and VenereologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Johanna K. May
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Stefan W. Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Martina Kerscher
- Division of Cosmetic Sciences, Department of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Katharina Herberger
- Laser Department, Department of Dermatology and VenereologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
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Santer M, Burden-Teh E, Ravenscroft J. Managing acne vulgaris: an update. Drug Ther Bull 2023; 62:6-10. [PMID: 38154809 PMCID: PMC10803966 DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2023.000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is very common and can have significant negative impact on people. While sometimes a transient problem, acne may persist for many years and often leads to permanent scars or pigment changes. Guidelines unanimously advise topical treatments as first-line, although differ in recommending either topical benzoyl peroxide or topical retinoid (mainly adapalene) alone or in combination. Guidance published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence advises counselling patients regarding avoidance of skin irritation when starting topical treatments and promoting adherence (treatments take 6-8 weeks to work). Oral antibiotics are currently overprescribed for acne but have a role when coprescribed with a non-antibiotic topical treatment. Hormonal treatments, such as the combined contraceptive pill, are also effective and there is growing evidence for the use of spironolactone for women with persistent acne. Recent guidance from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency regarding isotretinoin has implications for specialist prescribing and monitoring, and increasing public awareness of potential risks of mental health problems and sexual dysfunction. Although acne is associated with psychiatric disorder, the mental health effects of isotretinoin remain controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Santer
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Tao M, Li M, Zhang Y, Gu D, Pan R, Xu Y. The relationship between the distribution of facial erythema and skin type in rosacea patients: a cross-sectional analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2179-2182. [PMID: 36939880 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with rosacea have different facial erythema distribution patterns; however, whether they are related to the skin type is unclear. This study enrolled 201 Chinese patients, including 195 females and six males, diagnosed with rosacea. Facial images were taken using the VISIA® Complexion Analysis System, and red-area images were further analyzed. The erythema distribution pattern of rosacea was divided into peace signs, wing shapes, and neither of the two patterns, according to the distribution location. Skin types were divided according to the Fitzpatrick skin type, and oily-dry skin subtypes were determined according to the Baumann skin-type scale. There were 130 and 44 cases of typical peace signs and typical wing shapes, respectively. The remaining 27 cases were of neither type. Among the 76 patients with peace-sign patterns, the majority (58.5%) had oily combination skin. Among the patients with a typical wing shape, 43 (97.7%) had dry combination skin. Among the 27 patients with no peace-sign or wing-shape pattern, 17 (63.0%) had dry combination skin (p < 0.05). The peace sign pattern was more common in individuals with darker skin tones (p < 0.05). The differences in the immune microenvironment, Demodex habitation, and altered lipid content may explain the presence of the peace-sign pattern in the oily combination skin population. Wing-type patterns are associated with the lateral parts of the cheeks and could be caused by abnormal vessel dilations of the anatomic branches of the zygomatic-facial and facial arteries, which indicates that the main pathogenesis for this type of rosacea may be neurovascular. Our study is the first to report that facial erythema distribution characteristics of rosacea are associated with skin types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Duoduo Gu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoxin Pan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Liu Y, Zhou Y, Chu C, Jiang X. The role of macrophages in rosacea: implications for targeted therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211953. [PMID: 37691916 PMCID: PMC10484341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rosacea, a widespread chronic skin condition, may be influenced by macrophages, key immune cells in the skin, although their exact role is not yet fully understood. This review delves into the function of macrophages, their potential contribution to rosacea pathogenesis, current treatments, and promising macrophage-targeted therapies. It concludes by identifying knowledge gaps and potential areas for future rosacea research. Method Leveraging systematic and narrative literature review techniques, we conducted a comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Utilizing keywords like "rosacea" and "macrophages", we targeted English articles from the last 5 years (2018-2023). We manually checked reference lists of relevant articles for additional studies. We included only articles emphasizing macrophages' role in rosacea and/or the development of related therapies and published within the specified timeframe. Results The systematic search of electronic databases yielded a total of 4,263 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 articles were selected for inclusion in this review. These articles included original research studies, review articles, and clinical trials that focused on the role of macrophages in rosacea and/or the development of macrophage-targeted therapies for the disease. The selected articles provided a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current state of research on macrophages in rosacea, including their function in the skin, the potential mechanisms through which they may contribute to rosacea pathogenesis, and the current treatments and therapies available for the disease. Additionally, the articles identified gaps in knowledge regarding the role of macrophages in rosacea and suggested potential areas for future research. Conclusion This literature review emphasizes the important role that macrophages, vital immune cells in the skin, may play in the pathogenesis of rosacea, a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The selected studies suggest potential mechanisms by which these cells might contribute to rosacea progression, although these mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The studies also spotlight current rosacea treatments and illuminate the promising potential of new macrophage-focused therapies. Despite these insights, significant gaps persist in our understanding of the precise role of macrophages in rosacea. Future research in this area could provide further insights into the pathogenesis of rosacea and contribute to the development of more effective, targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenyu Chu
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chatrath S, Bradley L, Kentosh J. Dermatologic conditions in skin of color compared to white patients: similarities, differences, and special considerations. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:1089-1097. [PMID: 36450934 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The US population is becoming increasingly diverse, yet patients of color remain underrepresented in dermatology. The lack of diverse images in dermatologic learning materials can lead to discomfort in treating patients of color, delayed, and missed diagnoses. In this review, we compare and contrast the clinical presentation, management, and special considerations of common skin conditions between patients of color and white patients as well as provide a visual representation of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Chatrath
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA.
| | - Laurence Bradley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Kentosh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
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Yamasaki K, Miyachi Y. Perspectives on rosacea patient characteristics and quality of life using baseline data from a phase 3 clinical study conducted in Japan. J Dermatol 2022; 49:1221-1227. [PMID: 36177741 PMCID: PMC10092295 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of contemporary data on rosacea originating in Japan. Using baseline data from a randomized, phase 3 study of 130 Japanese patients with rosacea treated with metronidazole gel (0.75%) or vehicle, the authors evaluated demographic and clinical characteristics, pretreatment quality of life, and exacerbating factors. In line with global data, most patients were women (82.3%; 107/130) and aged between 30 and 50 years (60.7%; 79/130). Patient-reported quality of life scores indicated that rosacea had an impact similar to that of other debilitating and disfiguring skin conditions (such as psoriasis), particularly in terms of the emotional burden. Anxiety or depression was reported by 30% of patients (39/130), with 6.9% (9/130) reporting moderate levels and 0.8% (1/130) reporting severe levels. The top five exacerbating factors reported to trigger worsening of rosacea were temperature changes, sun exposure, hot weather, seasonal variation, and heavy exercise. In addition, pollen exposure and menstruation were noted as triggers of rosacea symptoms; these are novel findings that require further investigation to fully understand the implications for patients and treatment. Rosacea is likely to be underdiagnosed and undertreated in Japan because of the current lack of consensus guidelines and standardized therapy. The authors anticipate that the results of this analysis will provide much needed information to help improve diagnosis and facilitate the management of rosacea in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Yamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Rifu Dermatology & Allergology Clinic, Rifu, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyachi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan
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