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Ferček I, Ozretić P, Tambić-Andrašević A, Trajanoski S, Ćesić D, Jelić M, Geber G, Žaja O, Paić J, Lugović-Mihić L, Čivljak R. Comparison of the Skin Microbiota in the Periocular Region between Patients with Inflammatory Skin Diseases and Healthy Participants: A Preliminary Study. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1091. [DOI: 10.3390/life14091091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Periocular or periorbital dermatitis is a common term for all inflammatory skin diseases affecting the area of skin around the eyes. The clear etiopathogenesis of periocular dermatitis is still not fully understood. Advances in molecular techniques for studying microorganisms living in and on our bodies have highlighted the microbiome as a possible contributor to disease, as well as a promising diagnostic marker and target for innovative treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the composition and diversity of the skin microbiota in the periocular region between healthy individuals and individuals affected by the specific entity of periocular dermatitis. (2) Methods: A total of 35 patients with periocular dermatitis and 39 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. After a skin swab from the periocular region was taken from all participants, DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using Illumina NovaSeq technology were performed. (3) Results: Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium were the most abundant bacterial genera in the microbiota of healthy skin. Analysis of alpha diversity revealed a statistically significant change (p < 0.05) in biodiversity based on the Faith’s PD index between patients and healthy individuals. We did not observe changes in beta diversity. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed that Rothia, Corynebacterium, Bartonella, and Paracoccus were enriched in patients, and Anaerococcus, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Enhydrobacter were enriched in healthy controls. (4) Conclusions: According to the results obtained, we assume that the observed changes in the bacterial microbiota on the skin, particularly Gram-positive anaerobic cocci and skin commensals of the genus Corynebacterium, could be one of the factors in the pathogenesis of the investigated inflammatory diseases. The identified differences in the microbiota between healthy individuals and patients with periocular dermatitis should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Ferček
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zabok General Hospital and Croatian Veterans’ Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arjana Tambić-Andrašević
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Center for Medical Research, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Diana Ćesić
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medikol Clinic, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Jelić
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Geber
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Orjena Žaja
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pediatrics, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Paić
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Šibenik General Hospital, 22000 Šibenik, Croatia
| | - Liborija Lugović-Mihić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rok Čivljak
- Department for Respiratory Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Edelkamp J, Lousada MB, Pinto D, Chéret J, Calabrese FM, Jiménez F, Erdmann H, Wessel J, Phillip B, Angelis MD, Rinaldi F, Bertolini M, Paus R. Management of the human hair follicle microbiome by a synthetic odorant. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:99-108. [PMID: 37858476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human scalp hair follicles (HFs) engage in olfactory receptor (OR)-dependent chemosensation. Activation of olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AT member 4 (OR2AT4) by the synthetic, sandalwood-like odorant Sandalore® up-regulated HF antimicrobial peptide expression of dermcidin (DCD), which had previously been thought to be produced exclusively by sweat and sebaceous glands. OBJECTIVES To understand if intrafollicular DCD production can be stimulated by a commonly used cosmetic odorant, thus altering human HF microbiome composition in a clinically beneficial manner. METHODS DCD expression was compared between fresh-frozen scalp biopsies and microdissected, full-length scalp HFs, organ-cultured in the presence/absence of the OR2AT4 agonist, Sandalore® and/or antibiotics and/or the competitive OR2AT4 antagonist, Phenirat®. Amplicon-based sequencing and microbial growth assays were performed to assess how this treatment affected the HF microbiome. RESULTS Synthetic odorant treatment upregulated epithelial DCD expression and exerted antimicrobial activity in human HFs ex vivo. Combined antibiotic and odorant treatment, during an ex vivo dysbiosis event, prevented HF tissue damage and favoured a more physiological microbiome composition. Sandalore®-conditioned medium, containing higher DCD content, favoured Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia restricta over S. aureus and M. globosa, while exhibiting antimicrobial activity against Cutibacterium acnes. These effects were reversed by co-administration of Phenirat®. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first proof-of-principle that a cosmetic odorant impacts the human HF microbiome by up-regulating antimicrobial peptide production in an olfactory receptor-dependent manner. Specifically, a synthetic sandalwood-like odorant stimulates intrafollicular DCD production, likely via OR2AT4, and thereby controls microbial overgrowth. Thus, deserving further exploration as an adjuvant therapeutic principle in the management of folliculitis and dysbiosis-associated hair diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Edelkamp
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.
| | - Marta B Lousada
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany; Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts, University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Francisco Jiménez
- Mediteknia, Skin & Hair Lab, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Julia Wessel
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (IMMB), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bodo Phillip
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (IMMB), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marta Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany; Mediteknia, Skin & Hair Lab, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; CUTANEON Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany
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Tao R, Li R, Wang R. Comparative analysis of the facial microbiome between rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023; 89:891-893. [PMID: 37317773 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_215_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruojun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Rousel J, Saghari M, Pagan L, Nădăban A, Gambrah T, Theelen B, de Kam ML, Haakman J, van der Wall HEC, Feiss GL, Niemeyer-van der Kolk T, Burggraaf J, Bouwstra JA, Rissmann R, van Doorn MBA. Treatment with the Topical Antimicrobial Peptide Omiganan in Mild-to-Moderate Facial Seborrheic Dermatitis versus Ketoconazole and Placebo: Results of a Randomized Controlled Proof-of-Concept Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14315. [PMID: 37762625 PMCID: PMC10531869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous and scaly lesions on the skin with high sebaceous gland activity. The yeast Malassezia is regarded as a key pathogenic driver in this disease, but increased Staphylococcus abundances and barrier dysfunction are implicated as well. Here, we evaluated the antimicrobial peptide omiganan as a treatment for SD since it has shown both antifungal and antibacterial activity. A randomized, patient- and evaluator-blinded trial was performed comparing the four-week, twice daily topical administration of omiganan 1.75%, the comparator ketoconazole 2.00%, and placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate facial SD. Safety was monitored, and efficacy was determined by clinical scoring complemented with imaging. Microbial profiling was performed, and barrier integrity was assessed by trans-epidermal water loss and ceramide lipidomics. Omiganan was safe and well tolerated but did not result in a significant clinical improvement of SD, nor did it affect other biomarkers, compared to the placebo. Ketoconazole significantly reduced the disease severity compared to the placebo, with reduced Malassezia abundances, increased microbial diversity, restored skin barrier function, and decreased short-chain ceramide Cer[NSc34]. No significant decreases in Staphylococcus abundances were observed compared to the placebo. Omiganan is well tolerated but not efficacious in the treatment of facial SD. Previously established antimicrobial and antifungal properties of omiganan could not be demonstrated. Our multimodal characterization of the response to ketoconazole has reaffirmed previous insights into its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Rousel
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mahdi Saghari
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Pagan
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreea Nădăban
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Gambrah
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jorine Haakman
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A. Bouwstra
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn B. A. van Doorn
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Jung WH. Alteration in skin mycobiome due to atopic dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011309. [PMID: 38505818 PMCID: PMC10903429 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A microbiome consists of viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and other microeukaryotes. It influences host immune systems and contributes to the development of various diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, asthma, and skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis. The skin is the largest organ in the human body and has various microorganisms on its surface. Several studies on skin microbiomes have illustrated the effects of their composition, metabolites, and interactions with host cells on diseases. However, most studies have focused on the bacterial microbiome rather than the fungal microbiome, namely, mycobiome, although emerging evidence indicates that fungi also play a critical role in skin microbiomes through interactions with the host cells. I briefly summarize the current progress in the analysis of mycobiomes on human skin. I focused on alteration of the skin mycobiome caused by atopic and seborrheic dermatitis, with an emphasis on the Malassezia genus, which are the most dominant fungi residing here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
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Vysochanska V, Koval G. MALASSEZIA COLONIZATION CORRELATES WITH THE SEVERITY OF SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1371-1377. [PMID: 37463370 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202306107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To compare the number of fungi of the genus Malassezia on inflated and healthy areas of the skin and to correlate them with the severity of seborrheic dermatitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: 168 patients with typical manifestations of seborrheic dermatitis on the scalp and face and 30 healthy individuals were recruited. SD severity was assessed by SEDASI. Samples from lesions on scalp, face and intact chest skin were cultivated and/or stained with methylene blue or cotton and inoculated onto Malassezia Leeming & Notman Agar Modified (MLNA). RESULTS Results: A statistical difference in colonization intensity between all body zones (Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Flinger pairwise comparisons p≤0,001). Face zone with lesions of SD patients was two times more colonized with funguses than in the control group (38,5 vs 16,5 p=0,003). The sternal area with no skin lesions was more colonized in the SD group (25,0 vs 9,0 p=0,013). The SEDASI was positively correlated with the amount of CFU on the face (Spearman's rho 0,849; p≤0,001) and trunk (0,714; p≤0,001). CONCLUSION Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that inflamed seborrheic areas are more colonized with Malassezia fungi than intact areas. The intensity of Malassezia growth is correlated with the severity of the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis. The level of colonization may be a potential biomarker to indicate the efficiency of new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Galina Koval
- UZHHGOROD NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, UZHHGOROD, UKRAINE
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Study of Hypersensitivity to Malassezia furfur in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis with Head and Neck Pattern: Is It Useful as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Indicator in These Patients? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020299. [PMID: 35207586 PMCID: PMC8876740 DOI: 10.3390/life12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. Head and neck (H&N) involvement, also known as the picture-frame pattern, can be a diagnostic and even therapeutic challenge. Sensitization to the fungus Malassezia furfur seems to be implicated in this clinical presentation. To investigate the role of Malassezia furfur in H&N dermatitis, we performed an observational single-centre study. Serum-specific IgE levels for Malassezia furfur were determined in a total of 25 patients with AD (15 receiving dupilumab treatment, 10 not receiving dupilumab), 14 patients with seborrheic dermatitis, and 19 healthy controls. Reactivity to Malasseziafurfur, in terms of serum-specific IgE levels (>0.35 Ku.arb./L), was found in 80% of patients with AD. Risk factors to consider include high total IgE levels, sensitization to multiple pneumoallergens, and elevated LDH and CRP levels. Prescription of topical antifungals, oral antifungals, or a combination of both showed good response in 100% of cases in the H&N AD group treated with dupilumab. The most appropriate treatment seems to be the use of oral itraconazole and/or ketoconazole cream. The median treatment time was 3 weeks. Localized dermatitis in H&N significantly affects the patient’s life. We present a study of sensitization to Malassezia furfur in patients with H&N AD. It is important to know the differential diagnosis and to approach the study correctly. Sensitization to Malassezia furfur may be one of the main reasons, especially in patients being treated with dupilumab. The use of antifungals allows for adequate control, avoiding treatment changes and improving the patient’s quality of life.
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