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Trier NH, Houen G. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies as biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:895-911. [PMID: 37578277 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2247986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The serological biomarker anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) may have several functions but is especially important for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) along with clinical symptoms. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of ACPAs, which are useful in RA diagnostics and may improve our understanding of disease etiology. PubMed was searched with combinations of words related to antibodies recognizing epitopes containing the post-translationally modified amino acid citrulline in combination with rheumatoid arthritis; cyclic citrullinated peptide, CCP, anti-CCP, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, ACPA, citrullination, peptide/protein arginine deiminase, PAD, filaggrin, vimentin, keratin, collagen, perinuclear factor, EBNA1, EBNA2, and others. From this search, we made a qualitative extract of publications relevant to the discovery, characterization, and clinical use of these antibodies in relation to RA. We highlight significant findings and identify areas for improvement. EXPERT OPINION ACPAs have high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for RA and recognize citrullinated epitopes from several proteins. The best-performing single epitope originates from Epstein-Barr Virus nuclear antigen 2 and contains a central Cit-Gly motif, which is recognized by ACPAS when located in a flexible peptide structure. In addition, ACPAs may also have prognostic value, especially in relation to early treatment, although ACPAs' main function is to aid in the diagnosis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Li H, Li L, Liu C, Cheng L, Yan S, Chen H, Li Y. Diagnostic value of anti-citrullinated α-enolase peptide 1 antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:633-646. [PMID: 33713557 PMCID: PMC8252446 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the diagnostic value of anti‐citrullinated α‐enolase peptide 1 (anti‐CEP 1) antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies published until September 23, 2020. A bivariate mixed‐effects model was used to calculate the diagnostic indices from primary data of eligible studies. We performed meta‐regression and subgroup analysis to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Results Twenty‐four articles, with a total of 17 380 patients with RA and 7505 control participants, met the criteria for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios for the anti‐CEP 1 antibody were 44% (95% CI: 38%‐51%), 97% (95% CI: 96%‐98%), and 14.81 (95% CI: 10.66‐20.57) and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.52‐0.64), respectively. The pooled positive and negative predictive values were 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95‐0.97) and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.43‐0.63), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86. Meta‐regression indicated that the anti‐CEP 1 antibody detection method may be a source of heterogeneity. The subgroup analysis of the group in which the anti‐CEP 1 antibody was detected by using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit had a sensitivity of 59% (95% CI: 50%‐68%) and a specificity of 93% (95% CI: 85%‐97%). Conclusions The anti‐CEP 1 antibody had moderate RA diagnostic value with relatively low sensitivity and high specificity. An ELISA may increase the RA diagnostic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liubing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Songxin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Haizhen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Bowden TJ, Kraev I, Lange S. Post-translational protein deimination signatures and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 110:103714. [PMID: 32335073 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The horseshoe crab is a living fossil and a species of marine arthropod with unusual immune system properties which are also exploited commercially. Given its ancient status dating to the Ordovician period (450 million years ago), its standing in phylogeny and unusual immunological characteristics, the horseshoe crab may hold valuable information for comparative immunology studies. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are calcium dependent enzymes that are phylogenetically conserved and cause protein deimination via conversion of arginine to citrulline. This post-translational modification can lead to structural and functional protein changes contributing to protein moonlighting in health and disease. PAD-mediated regulation of extracellular vesicle (EV) release, a critical component of cellular communication, has furthermore been identified to be a phylogenetically conserved mechanism. PADs, protein deimination and EVs have hitherto not been studied in the horseshoe crab and were assessed in the current study. Horseshoe crab haemolymph serum-EVs were found to be a poly-dispersed population in the 20-400 nm size range, with the majority of EVs falling within 40-123 nm. Key immune proteins were identified to be post-translationally deiminated in horseshoe crab haemolymph serum, providing insights into protein moonlighting function of Limulus and phylogenetically conserved immune proteins. KEGG (Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes) and GO (gene ontology) enrichment analysis of deiminated proteins identified in Limulus revealed KEGG pathways relating to complement and coagulation pathways, Staphylococcus aureus infection, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and carbon metabolism, while GO pathways of biological and molecular pathways related to a range of immune and metabolic functions, as well as developmental processes. The characterisation of EVs, and post-translational deimination signatures, revealed here in horseshoe crab, contributes to current understanding of protein moonlighting functions and EV-mediated communication in this ancient arthropod and throughout phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Bowden
- Aquaculture Research Institute, School of Food & Agriculture, University of Maine, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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Matsumoto I, Kurata I, Ohyama A, Kawaguchi H, Ebe H, Osada A, Kondo Y, Tsuboi H, Sumida T. Revisit of autoimmunity to glucose-6-phosphate isomerase in experimental and rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 30:232-238. [PMID: 31441345 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1659539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by synovial inflammation in multiple joints. Autoantibodies (Abs) are the hallmark of RA, and as disease-specific and diagnostic markers, rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) are produced pre-clinically, but their pathogenic roles in RA remain elusive. In this review, we focus on one of the candidate autoantigens in RA; glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). The arthritogenic role of GPI has been confirmed in two different mouse models: the K/BxN- and GPI-induced arthritis models. Both anti-GPI Abs and citrullinated-GPI peptide Abs have been detected in human RA. Studies conducted in these rodent models have confirmed that the pathogenesis of arthritis involves the localization of autoantigens not only in the joints but also in the circulation. In this review, we revisit and summarize the arthritogenic relevance of GPI in animal RA models and in human RA, and extend the discussion to joint-specific inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Izumi Kurata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ayako Ohyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hoshimi Kawaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ebe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsumu Osada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins: Novel Insights in the Autoimmune Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070657. [PMID: 31261953 PMCID: PMC6678491 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTM) are chemical changes mostly catalyzed by enzymes that recognize specific target sequences in specific proteins. These modifications play a key role in regulating the folding of proteins, their targeting to specific subcellular compartments, their interaction with ligands or other proteins, and eventually their immunogenic properties. Citrullination is the best characterized PTM in the field of rheumatology, with antibodies anticyclic citrullinated peptides being the gold standard for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, growing evidence supports not only that a wide range of proteins are subject to citrullination and can trigger an autoimmune response in RA, but also that several other PTMs such as carbamylation and acetylation occur in patients with this disease. This induces a wide spectrum of autoantibodies, as biomarkers, with different sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis, which may be linked to peculiar clinical manifestations and/or response to treatment. The purpose of this review article is to critically summarize the available literature on antibodies against post-translationally modified proteins, in particular antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) and antibodies against modified proteins (AMPA), and outline their diagnostic and prognostic role to be implemented in clinical practice for RA patients.
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Kawaguchi H, Matsumoto I, Osada A, Kurata I, Ebe H, Tanaka Y, Inoue A, Umeda N, Kondo Y, Tsuboi H, Ishigami A, Sumida T. Peptidyl arginine deiminase inhibition suppresses arthritis via decreased protein citrullination in joints and serum with the downregulation of interleukin-6. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 29:964-969. [PMID: 30285515 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1532545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the relevance of citrullinated proteins and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) via protein arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibition in peptide glucose-6-phosphate isomerase-induced arthritis (pGIA).Methods: Cl-amidine, a PAD inhibitor, was injected into pGIA. Clinical scores and histopathological findings of ankle joints were assessed. Serum ACPA titers were analyzed using ELISA. Citrullinated protein expression in joints and sera were examined with immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, respectively. Serum levels of IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β were measured with cytometric bead array (CBA). Gene expression levels of IL-6 and TNFα in joints, lymph nodes, and spleens were analyzed with quantitative PCR. GPI-specific productions of IFNγ and IL-17 from T cells in lymph nodes were evaluated.Results: Cl-amidine treatment significantly reduced arthritis severity while ACPA titers tended to be lower, but not significantly different compared to the control. Citrullinated proteins in joints and sera from treated mice were clearly decreased. With Cl-amidine treatment, serum IL-6 levels were significantly decreased, and IL-6 and TNFα gene expression were significantly reduced in joints. IL-17 production from GPI-specific T cells tended to be lower in Cl-amidine-treated mice, but not significantly different.Conclusion: Our results suggested that PAD-mediated citrullinated protein was involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis via IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoshimi Kawaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsumu Osada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Izumi Kurata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ebe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoto Umeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Kawaguchi H, Matsumoto I, Osada A, Kurata I, Ebe H, Tanaka Y, Inoue A, Umeda N, Kondo Y, Tsuboi H, Shinkai Y, Kumagai Y, Ishigami A, Sumida T. Identification of novel biomarker as citrullinated inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4, specifically increased in sera with experimental and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:66. [PMID: 29636082 PMCID: PMC5894205 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and citrullinated proteins play key roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Many candidate citrullinated antigens have been identified in joints, but citrullinated proteins in sera are mostly uncertain in patients with RA. We explored the expression of citrullinated proteins in joints and sera of experimental arthritis, and we further investigated their specific expression correlated with the disease activity in patients with RA. Methods Citrullinated protein expression in tissues was examined by IHC in peptide glucose-6-phosphate isomerase-induced arthritis (pGIA). Serum citrullinated proteins from pGIA were examined by Western blotting, and the sequence was identified by MS. With the same methods, serum citrullinated proteins were analyzed in patients with RA, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and osteoarthritis as well as in healthy subjects, by Western blotting and MS. In patients with RA, the relationship between the expression of the identified protein (inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 [ITIH4]) and clinical features was evaluated, and the levels of citrullinated ITIH4 were compared before and after biological treatment. The antibody response against citrullinated ITIH4 peptide was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Citrullinated proteins were detected specifically in arthritic joints and sera from pGIA relative to controls. In sera, a common band of citrullinated protein at 120 kDa was revealed, and it fluctuated in parallel with arthritis score of pGIA by Western blotting. Interestingly, in 82% of RA patient sera, similar bands of citrullinated protein were specifically detected. These proteins were identified as citrullinated ITIH4, and especially the R438 site was commonly citrullinated between mice and humans. Citrullinated ITIH4 levels were associated with clinical parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor, and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints as measured by CRP in patients with RA. Its levels were decreased in correlation with the reduction of disease activity score after effective treatment in patients with RA. Moreover, antibody response to citrullinated epitope in ITIH4 was specifically observed in patients with RA. Conclusions Our results suggest that serum citrullinated ITIH4 was specifically increased in patients with RA and could be a novel biomarker for assessing disease activity in patients with RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1562-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoshimi Kawaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Atsumu Osada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Izumi Kurata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ebe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoto Umeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
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Umeda N, Matsumoto I, Tanaka Y, Kawaguchi H, Ebe H, Kagami Y, Ishigami A, Sumida T. Anti-cyclic citrullinated glucose-6-phosphate isomerase peptide-7 (CCG-7) antibodies were suppressed by biologics treatment and deposited to citrullinated proteins in CD68-positive cells in the RA synovium. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 27:914-916. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1270388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Umeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hoshimi Kawaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ebe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kagami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Stuhlmüller B, Mans K, Tandon N, Bonin MO, Smiljanovic B, Sörensen TA, Schendel P, Martus P, Listing J, Detert J, Backhaus M, Neumann T, Winchester RJ, Burmester GR, Häupl T. Genomic stratification by expression of HLA-DRB4 alleles identifies differential innate and adaptive immune transcriptional patterns - A strategy to detect predictors of methotrexate response in early rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 171:50-61. [PMID: 27570220 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Effective drug selection is the current challenge in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Treatment failure may follow different pathomechanisms and therefore require investigation of molecularly defined subgroups. In this exploratory study, whole blood transcriptomes of 68 treatment-naïve early RA patients were analyzed before initiating MTX. Subgroups were defined by serologic and genetic markers. Response related signatures were interpreted using reference transcriptomes of various cell types, cytokine stimulated conditions and bone marrow precursors. HLA-DRB4-negative patients exhibited most distinctive transcriptional differences. Preponderance of transcripts associated with phagocytes and bone marrow activation indicated response and transcripts of T- and B-lymphocytes non-response. HLA-DRB4-positive patients were more heterogeneous, but also linked failure to increased adaptive immune response. RT-qPCR confirmed reliable candidate selection and independent samples of responders and non-responders the functional patterning. In summary, genomic stratification identified different molecular pathomechanisms in early RA and preponderance of innate but not adaptive immune activation suggested response to MTX therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stuhlmüller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Karsten Mans
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc O Bonin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Biljana Smiljanovic
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till A Sörensen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Schendel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jacqueline Detert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Backhaus
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medicine Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gerd-R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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PGK1, a glucose metabolism enzyme, may play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:815-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Cantagrel A, Degboé Y. New autoantibodies associated with rheumatoid arthritis recognize posttranslationally modified self-proteins. Joint Bone Spine 2015; 83:11-7. [PMID: 26639222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Citrullination, carbamylation and oxidation are posttranslational modifications of proteins that produce neoepitopes. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of which one distinctive feature is the development of B-cell-mediated immunity against these neoepitopes. Antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPAs) were identified nearly two decades ago and are now widely used in clinical practice. The identification of additional citrullinated proteins as potential autoantibody targets has suggested new pathophysiological hypotheses and prompted studies of potential associations with disease severity or specific disease patterns. Carbamylation is a nonenzymatic posttranslational modification that produces homocitrullines, against which newly identified autoantibodies different from ACPAs have been found in over 15% of patients with RA. Finally, the development of antibodies to oxidized type II collagen reflects immunization against collagen modified by oxidation in relation to intraarticular oxidative stress. These new autoantibodies are both sensitive and specific and may therefore serve as early disease markers and as useful tools for therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Cantagrel
- Centre de rhumatologie, hôpital Purpan, bâtiment Pierre-Paul-Riquet, place du Docteur-Baylac, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Yannick Degboé
- Centre de rhumatologie, hôpital Purpan, bâtiment Pierre-Paul-Riquet, place du Docteur-Baylac, 31059 Toulouse, France
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Prevalence of soluble peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and anti-PAD4 antibodies in autoimmune diseases. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 35:1181-8. [PMID: 26415740 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-3082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to investigate the prevalence of PAD4 and anti-PAD4 antibodies (Abs) in autoimmune diseases and to clarify their association with anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and shared epitope (SE) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Levels of human PAD4 and anti-PAD4 Abs in serum or plasma were measured using sandwich ELISA. Samples were obtained from patients with RA (n = 148), SLE (n = 36), or SS (n = 37) and from healthy controls (HCs; n = 40). Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) (CCG)-2, CCG-7, anti-CEP-1, and anti-CCP Abs were also measured using ELISA. Patients with RA were genotyped for HLA-DRB1. The human PAD4 and anti-PAD4 Ab levels were compared with the ACPA and SE in patients with RA. The PAD4 levels were 111.9 U/ml in the RA, 30.4 U/ml in the SLE, 81.9 U/ml in the SS patients, and 46.6 U/ml in the HCs. The PAD4 levels were significantly higher in the RA than in the SLE patients or the HCs. Anti-PAD4 Abs were detected in 29.7 % of the patients with RA, but not in the patients with SLE or SS, nor in the HCs. In the RA patients, the PAD4 levels in the anti-PAD4 Ab-negative group were significantly higher than those in the anti-PAD4 Ab-positive group. Moreover, anti-CCG-2, CCG-7, CEP-1, and anti-CCP Ab levels were significantly higher in the anti-PAD4 Ab-positive group than in the anti-PAD4 Ab-negative group. In the RA patients, the PAD4 levels were not correlated with ACPAs. Neither PAD4 nor anti-PAD4 Abs were significantly correlated with the presence of SE alleles. The PAD4 levels were higher in RA than in SLE or HC. Anti-PAD4 Abs appeared specifically in patients with RA. Moreover, anti-PAD4 Abs were associated with ACPAs.
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Development of rheumatoid arthritis specific HLA-DRB1 genotyping microarray. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-014-8305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Jiang H, Zhang Y, Yin X, Hu H, Hu X, Fei Y, Tu Y, Zhang Y. Construction and evaluation of rats' tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) induced by NF-κB Decoy method. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:626-33. [PMID: 25352881 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To construct and evaluate rats' tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) through induction by NF-κB Decoy method. METHODS GM-CSF and IL-4 were used to transform rats's monocytes into DC, and DC were stimulated with LPS, NF-κB Decoy ODN, and loaded with Bovine Type II Collagen. The following methods were employed to phenotype DC: 1) Observation of cell morphology; 2) Evaluation of cell viability using trypan blue staining; 3) Purity determination of DC through detection of specific markers OX-62; 4) Evaluation of mature state of DC via the determination of the expression of CD80 and CD86; 5) Determination of stimulation capability towards the proliferation of lymphocyte and the secretion of INF-r and IL-10. RESULTS The activity of DC was more than 92%, and the expression of OX-62 was more than 70%. Most of DC exhibited the phenotype of CD80(+)/CD86(-). Compared with control group and LPS-stimulation group, the less mature adhered cells and hairlike DC were observed in NF-κB decoy group. Significant reduction (p < 0.05) was observed for the positive expression and extension of CD80 and CD86 in cell surface. After loaded with calf type II collagen, the low expression of CD80 and CD86 remains to be existed. The stimulation capability of DC towards lymphocyte in NF-κB decoy group was lower than that in control group (p<0.05) and LPS stimulation group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION NF-κB Decoy ODN method can be successfully applied for construct rats' tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) with stable morphology and phenotype. The tolerogenic DC exhibited immature immune phenotype, and low capability to stimulate lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongMei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - YaLi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - XiangFei Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Second People's Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - HengGui Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital Subsidiary of Bengbu Medical College, Suzhou, Anhui, 34000, China
| | - XiaoLei Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Ying Fei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038 China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038 China
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Hsu PC, Liao YF, Lin CL, Lin WH, Liu GY, Hung HC. Vimentin is involved in peptidylarginine deiminase 2-induced apoptosis of activated Jurkat cells. Mol Cells 2014; 37:426-34. [PMID: 24850148 PMCID: PMC4044315 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase type 2 (PADI2) deiminates (or citrullinates) arginine residues in protein to citrulline residues in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and is found in lymphocytes and macrophages. Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein and a well-known substrate of PADI2. Citrullinated vimentin is found in ionomycin-induced macrophage apoptosis. Citrullinated vimentin is the target of anti-Sa antibodies, which are specific to rheumatoid arthritis, and play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease. To investigate the role of PADI2 in apoptosis, we generated a Jurkat cell line that overexpressed the PADI2 transgene from a tetracycline-inducible promoter, and used a combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and ionomycin to activate Jurkat cells. We found that PADI2 overexpression reduced the cell viability of activated Jurkat cells in1a dose- and time-dependent manner. The PADI2-overexpressed and -activated Jurkat cells presented typical manifestations of apoptosis, and exhibited greater levels of citrullinated proteins, including citrullinated vimentin. Vimentin overexpression rescued a portion of the cells from apoptosis. In conclusion, PADI2 overexpression induces apoptosis in activated Jurkat cells. Vimentin is involved in PADI2-induced apoptosis. Moreover, PADI2-overexpressed Jurkat cells secreted greater levels of vimentin after activation, and expressed more vimentin on their cell surfaces when undergoing apoptosis. Through artificially highlighting PADI2 and vimentin, we demonstrated that PADI2 and vimentin participate in the apoptotic mechanisms of activated T lymphocytes. The secretion and surface expression of vimentin are possible ways of autoantigen presentation to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Da-Chien General Hospital, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fan Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Chin-Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
| | - Wen-Hao Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yaw Liu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, and Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
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