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Zhao C, Gao C, Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Lin P. A novel GLI3 frameshift mutation in a Chinese pedigree with polydactyly: A case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28638. [PMID: 38571622 PMCID: PMC10988035 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background GLI3 gene mutations can result in various forms of polysyndactyly, such as Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS, MIM: #175700), Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS, MIM: #146510), and isolated polydactyly (IPD, MIM: #174200, #174700). Reports on IPD-associated GLI3 mutations are rare. In this study, a novel GLI3 mutation was identified in a Chinese family with IPD. Results We report a family with six members affected by IPD. The family members demonstrated several special phenotypes, including sex differences, abnormal finger joint development, and different polydactyly types. We identified a novel frameshift variant in the GLI3 gene (NM_000168.6: c.1820_1821del, NP_000159.3: p.Tyr607Cysfs*9) by whole-exome sequencing. Further analysis suggested that this mutation was the cause of polydactyly in this family. Conclusions The discovery of this novel frameshift variant in our study further solidifies the relationship between IPD and GLI3 and expands the previously established spectrum of GLI3 mutations and associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
| | - Chengcheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310030, China
| | - Yijun Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310030, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
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2
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Hao Y, Song Y, Chen F, Tang J. Whole genome resequencing reveals candidate genes for postaxial polydactyly in Large White pigs. Anim Genet 2024; 55:277-281. [PMID: 38282540 DOI: 10.1111/age.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Polydactyly is a genetic abnormality that affects both pig welfare and industry profits. Despite efforts to explore the genetic basis of pig polydactyly, progress remains limited. In this study, we analyzed a group of Large White pigs with postaxial polydactyly, including 29 cases and 79 controls from 24 families. High-depth sequencing was performed on 20 pigs, while low-depth sequencing was improved through imputation for the remaining pigs. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genetic differentiation were conducted using the resequencing dataset, resulting in the identification of 48 significantly associated SNPs and 27 candidate regions. The genetic differentiation regions on chromosomes 5 and 18, which harbored GWAS-identified SNPs, were delineated as confidence regions. The confidence region at Chr18: 1.850-1.925 Mb covers the fifth intron of LMBR1, a gene that contains an important regulatory element for SHH, known as ZRS. Mutations in this ZRS have been found to cause polydactyly in animals and humans. Therefore, we propose LMBR1 as a prospective candidate gene for postaxial polydactyly. These findings emphasize the importance of exploring the role of ZRS within LMBR1 in the pathogenesis of polydactyly in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Hao
- Laboratory Animal Engineering Research Center of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunlei Song
- Laboratory Animal Engineering Research Center of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Laboratory Animal Engineering Research Center of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhong Tang
- Laboratory Animal Engineering Research Center of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
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3
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Khan H, Ullah K, Jan A, Ali H, Ullah I, Ahmad W. A variant in the LDL receptor-related protein encoding gene LRP4 underlying polydactyly and phalangeal synostosis in a family of Pakistani origin. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2023; 63:190-194. [PMID: 37563890 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
A family of Pakistani origin, segregating polydactyly, and phalangeal synostosis in an autosomal dominant manner, has been investigated and presented in the present report. Whole-exome sequencing (WES), followed by segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing, revealed a heterozygous missense variant [c.G1696A, p.(Gly566Ser)] in the LRP4 gene located on human chromosome 11p11.2. Homology protein modeling revealed the mutant Ser566 generated new interactions with at least four other amino acids and disrupted protein folding and function. Our findings demonstrated the first direct evidence of involvement of LRP4 in causing polydactyly and phalangeal synostosis in the same family. This study highlighted the importance of inclusion of LRP4 gene in screening individuals presenting polydactyly in hands and feet, and phalangeal synostosis in the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammal Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Jan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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4
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Bilal M, Khan H, Khan MJ, Haack TB, Buchert R, Liaqat K, Ullah K, Ahmed S, Bharadwaj T, Acharya A, Peralta S, Najumuddin, Ali H, Hasni MS, Schrauwen I, Ullah A, Ahmad W, Leal SM. Variants in EFCAB7 underlie nonsyndromic postaxial polydactyly. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:1270-1274. [PMID: 37684519 PMCID: PMC10620185 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydactyly is the most common limb malformation that occurs in 1.6-10.6 per one thousand live births, with incidence varying with ancestry. The underlying gene has been identified for many of the ~100 syndromes that include polydactyly. While for the more common form, nonsydromic polydactyly, eleven candidate genes have been reported. We investigated the underlying genetic cause of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic postaxial polydactyly in four consanguineous Pakistani families. Some family members with postaxial polydactyly also present with syndactyly, camptodactyly, or clinodactyly. Analysis of the exome sequence data revealed two novel homozygous frameshift deletions in EFCAB7: [c.830delG;p.(Gly277Valfs*5)]; in three families and [c.1350_1351delGA;p.(Asn451Phefs*2)] in one family. Sanger sequencing confirmed that these variants segregated with postaxial polydactyly, i.e., family members with postaxial polydactyly were found to be homozygous while unaffected members were heterozygous or wild type. EFCAB7 displays expressions in the skeletal muscle and on the cellular level in cilia. IQCE-EFCAB7 and EVC-EVC2 are part of the heterotetramer EvC complex, which is a positive regulator of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, that plays a key role in limb formation. Depletion of either EFCAB7 or IQCE inhibits induction of Gli1, a direct Hh target gene. Variants in IQCE and GLI1 have been shown to cause nonsyndromic postaxial polydactyly, while variants in EVC and EVC2 underlie Ellis van Creveld and Weyers syndromes, which include postaxial polydactyly as a phenotype. This is the first report of the involvement of EFCAB7 in human disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammal Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Khurram Liaqat
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kifayat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Ahmed
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Thashi Bharadwaj
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susana Peralta
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Najumuddin
- National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Nawaz H, Khan SA, Bibi F, Waqas A, Bari A, Khan N, Muhammad N, Khan A, Paracha SA, Alam Q, Kamal MA, Rafeeq MM, Muhammad N, Haq FU, Khan S, Mahmood A, Khan S, Umair M. Biallelic Variants in Seven Different Genes Associated with Clinically Suspected Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051113. [PMID: 37239474 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare clinically and genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive multi-systemic disorder with 22 known genes. The primary clinical and diagnostic features include six different hallmarks, such as rod-cone dystrophy, learning difficulties, renal abnormalities, male hypogonadism, post-axial polydactyly, and obesity. Here, we report nine consanguineous families and a non-consanguineous family with several affected individuals presenting typical clinical features of BBS. In the present study, 10 BBS Pakistani families were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES), which revealed novel/recurrent gene variants, including a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.94C>T; p.Gln32Ter) in the IFT27 (NM_006860.5) gene in family A, a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.160A>T; p.Lys54Ter) in the BBIP1 (NM_001195306.1) gene in family B, a homozygous nonsense variant (c.720C>A; p.Cys240Ter) in the WDPCP (NM_015910.7) in family C, a homozygous nonsense variant (c.505A>T; p.Lys169Ter) in the LZTFL1 (NM_020347.4) in family D, pathogenic homozygous 1 bp deletion (c.775delA; p.Thr259Leufs*21) in the MKKS/BBS5 (NM_170784.3) gene in family E, a pathogenic homozygous missense variant (c.1339G>A; p.Ala447Thr) in BBS1 (NM_024649.4) in families F and G, a pathogenic homozygous donor splice site variant (c.951+1G>A; p?) in BBS1 (NM_024649.4) in family H, a pathogenic bi-allelic nonsense variant in MKKS (NM_170784.3) (c.119C>G; p.Ser40*) in family I, and homozygous pathogenic frameshift variants (c.196delA; p.Arg66Glufs*12) in BBS5 (NM_152384.3) in family J. Our findings extend the mutation and phenotypic spectrum of four different types of ciliopathies causing BBS and also support the importance of these genes in the development of multi-systemic human genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Sher Alam Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Farhana Bibi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Department Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54782, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Bari
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Niamatullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Nazif Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Aziz Paracha
- Department of Anatomy, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Qamre Alam
- Molecular Genomics and Precision Medicine, ExpressMed Laboratories, Block Zinj, Manama 359, Bahrain
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Fayaz Ul Haq
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Khan
- Hafeez Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, H-10, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore 14611, Pakistan
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6
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Ahmad S, Ali MZ, Muzammal M, Khan AU, Ikram M, Muurinen M, Hussain S, Loid P, Khan MA, Mäkitie O. Identification of GLI1 and KIAA0825 Variants in Two Families with Postaxial Polydactyly. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040869. [PMID: 37107627 PMCID: PMC10137575 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydactyly is a rare autosomal dominant or recessive appendicular patterning defect of the hands and feet, phenotypically characterized by the duplication of digits. Postaxial polydactyly (PAP) is the most common form and includes two main types: PAP type A (PAPA) and PAP type B (PAPB). Type A involves a well-established extra digit articulated with the fifth or sixth metacarpal, while type B presents a rudimentary or poorly developed superfluous digit. Pathogenic variants in several genes have been identified in isolated and syndromic forms of polydactyly. The current study presents two Pakistani families with autosomal recessive PAPA with intra- and inter-familial phenotype variability. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger analysis revealed a novel missense variant in KIAA0825 (c.3572C>T: p.Pro1191Leu) in family A and a known nonsense variant in GLI1 (c.337C>T: p.Arg113*) in family B. In silico studies of mutant KIAA0825 and GLI1 proteins revealed considerable structural and interactional modifications that suggest an abnormal function of the proteins leading to the disease phenotype. The present study broadens the mutational spectrum of KIAA0825 and demonstrates the second case of a previously identified GLI1 variant with variable phenotypes. These findings facilitate genetic counseling in Pakistani families with a polydactyly-related phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safeer Ahmad
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Ali
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muzammal
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ullah Khan
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Mari Muurinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shabir Hussain
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra Loid
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muzammil Ahmad Khan
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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Mujalda J, Mujalda A, Reddy D, Rai S, Modi H. A Rare Combination of Heptadactyl and Hexadactyl Polydactyly in a Neonate. Cureus 2023; 15:e37920. [PMID: 37220455 PMCID: PMC10200039 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heptadactyly and hexadactyly are rare congenital disorders from the polydactyly family. This type of polydactyly is usually classified into three major groups: preaxial (medial ray), postaxial (lateral ray), and central polydactyly. The most common presentation is both preaxial and postaxial polydactyly. The occurrence of heptadactyly and hexadactyly has been reported but the presence of both in the same infant has not been reported yet. We report the presence of both these abnormalities in the same infant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anshu Mujalda
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR), Multana, IND
| | - Deepak Reddy
- Radiology, Military Hospital Ambala, Ambala, IND
| | - Sanjay Rai
- Orthopaedics, 151 Base Hospital, Guwahati, IND
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8
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Umair M, Younus M, Shafiq S, Nayab A, Alfadhel M. Clinical genetics of spondylocostal dysostosis: A mini review. Front Genet 2022; 13:996364. [PMID: 36506336 PMCID: PMC9732429 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.996364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondylocostal dysostosis is a genetic defect associated with severe rib and vertebrae malformations. In recent years, extensive clinical and molecular diagnosis advancements enabled us to identify disease-causing variants in different genes for such severe conditions. The identification of novel candidate genes enabled us to understand the developmental biology and molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the etiology of these rare diseases. Here, we discuss the clinical and molecular targets associated with spondylocostal dysostosis, including clinical evaluation, genes, and pathways involved. This review might help us understand the basics of such a severe disorder, which might help in proper clinical characterization and help in future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Muhammad Umair, ,
| | - Muhammad Younus
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sarfraz Shafiq
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anam Nayab
- Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Medical Genomics Research Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Genetics and Precision Medicine Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital (KASCH), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Kyriazis Z, Kollia P, Grivea I, Sotiriou S, Dailiana ZH. Genetics of congenital anomalies of the hand. World J Orthop 2022; 13:949-954. [PMID: 36439370 PMCID: PMC9685634 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v13.i11.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the hand are malformations occurring during the development of the human limb, and present as isolated disorders or as a part of a syndrome. During the last years, molecular analysis techniques have offered increasing knowledge about the molecular basis of hand malformations. Disturbances in the signaling pathways during the development of the upper limb result in malformations of the upper extremity. At present, several genes have been identified as responsible for hand anomalies and other have been recognized as suspect genes related to them. Different and new high throughput methods have been introduced for the identification of the gene mutations. In the current editorial, we summarize concisely the current molecular status of isolated hand genetic disorders and the recent progress in molecular genetics, including the genes related to the disorder. This progress improves the knowledge of these disorders and has implications on genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisis Kyriazis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Panagoula Kollia
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 10679, Greece
| | - Ioanna Grivea
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Sotirios Sotiriou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Zoe H Dailiana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
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