4
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Ogawa T, Kojima I, Wakamori S, Yoshida T, Murata T, Sakamoto M, Ohkoshi A, Nakanome A, Endo H, Endo T, Usubuchi H, Katori Y. Clinical utility of apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for resectability assessment of head and neck tumors with skull base invasion. Head Neck 2020; 42:2896-2904. [PMID: 32608548 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in the detection of malignant tumors has been reported. The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of ADC and DWI for diagnosis of skull base tumors. METHODS A total of 27 patients with head and neck tumors with skull base invasions undergoing skull base surgery were enrolled in this study. Pathological findings of dural invasion and bone invasion were compared with the diagnostic imaging. RESULTS Advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques revealed that ADC values in regions of pathological bone and dural invasions were significantly lower than in regions of no invasion. The area under the curve of ADC in bone invasions and dural invasions were 0.957 and 0.894, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that ADC and DWI are useful tools for the diagnosis of head and neck tumors with skull base invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Head and Neck Cancer Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuho Kojima
- Head and Neck Cancer Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shun Wakamori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Head and Neck Cancer Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Head and Neck Cancer Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaki Murata
- Head and Neck Cancer Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maya Sakamoto
- Head and Neck Cancer Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Ohkoshi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Head and Neck Cancer Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakanome
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Head and Neck Cancer Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidenori Endo
- Head and Neck Cancer Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiki Endo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hajime Usubuchi
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukio Katori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Head and Neck Cancer Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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7
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Franchi A, Bishop JA, Coleman H, Flucke U, Licitra LF, Pendás JLL, Stelow EB, Toner M, Weinreb I, Wenig BM, Thompson LDR. Data Set for the Reporting of Carcinomas of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses: Explanations and Recommendations of the Guidelines From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2018; 143:424-431. [PMID: 30500298 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0404-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting was established to internationally unify and standardize the pathologic reporting of cancers based on collected evidence, as well as to allow systematic multi-institutional intercountry data collection to guide cancer care in the future. This data set has been developed by the collaborative efforts of an international multidisciplinary panel of experts involved in the care of patients with carcinomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (sinonasal tract). The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (including frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses) comprise a very complex anatomic area of the head and neck, affected by a sometimes bewildering array of neoplasms. Management of malignancies in this anatomic region involves complex surgery because of the anatomic confines and close proximity to many vital structures. Given a multidisciplinary approach, the standardized reporting of the carcinomas that develop in this anatomic region include both required (core) and recommended (noncore) elements in pathology reporting in order to be able to identify critical prognostic factors, often requiring clinical and radiologic correlation. A summary of the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting guidelines and clinically relevant elements, along with additional explanatory notes, are provided, based on evidentiary support from the literature, set in the context of practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Franchi
- From the Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (Dr Franchi); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Dr Bishop); the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Coleman); the Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Dr Flucke); the Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Licitra); the Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (Dr Llorente Pendás); the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Stelow); St James and Dublin Dental Hospitals and Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dunne Research Laboratory, and St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Dr Toner); the Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Weinreb); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Dr Wenig); and the Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
| | - Justin A Bishop
- From the Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (Dr Franchi); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Dr Bishop); the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Coleman); the Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Dr Flucke); the Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Licitra); the Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (Dr Llorente Pendás); the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Stelow); St James and Dublin Dental Hospitals and Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dunne Research Laboratory, and St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Dr Toner); the Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Weinreb); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Dr Wenig); and the Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
| | - Hedley Coleman
- From the Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (Dr Franchi); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Dr Bishop); the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Coleman); the Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Dr Flucke); the Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Licitra); the Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (Dr Llorente Pendás); the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Stelow); St James and Dublin Dental Hospitals and Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dunne Research Laboratory, and St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Dr Toner); the Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Weinreb); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Dr Wenig); and the Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
| | - Uta Flucke
- From the Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (Dr Franchi); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Dr Bishop); the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Coleman); the Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Dr Flucke); the Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Licitra); the Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (Dr Llorente Pendás); the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Stelow); St James and Dublin Dental Hospitals and Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dunne Research Laboratory, and St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Dr Toner); the Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Weinreb); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Dr Wenig); and the Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
| | - Lisa F Licitra
- From the Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (Dr Franchi); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Dr Bishop); the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Coleman); the Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Dr Flucke); the Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Licitra); the Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (Dr Llorente Pendás); the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Stelow); St James and Dublin Dental Hospitals and Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dunne Research Laboratory, and St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Dr Toner); the Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Weinreb); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Dr Wenig); and the Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
| | - José Luis Llorente Pendás
- From the Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (Dr Franchi); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Dr Bishop); the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Coleman); the Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Dr Flucke); the Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Licitra); the Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (Dr Llorente Pendás); the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Stelow); St James and Dublin Dental Hospitals and Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dunne Research Laboratory, and St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Dr Toner); the Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Weinreb); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Dr Wenig); and the Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
| | - Edward B Stelow
- From the Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (Dr Franchi); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Dr Bishop); the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Coleman); the Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Dr Flucke); the Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Licitra); the Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (Dr Llorente Pendás); the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Stelow); St James and Dublin Dental Hospitals and Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dunne Research Laboratory, and St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Dr Toner); the Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Weinreb); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Dr Wenig); and the Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
| | - Mary Toner
- From the Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (Dr Franchi); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Dr Bishop); the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Coleman); the Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Dr Flucke); the Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Licitra); the Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (Dr Llorente Pendás); the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Stelow); St James and Dublin Dental Hospitals and Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dunne Research Laboratory, and St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Dr Toner); the Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Weinreb); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Dr Wenig); and the Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
| | - Ilan Weinreb
- From the Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (Dr Franchi); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Dr Bishop); the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Coleman); the Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Dr Flucke); the Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Licitra); the Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (Dr Llorente Pendás); the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Stelow); St James and Dublin Dental Hospitals and Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dunne Research Laboratory, and St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Dr Toner); the Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Weinreb); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Dr Wenig); and the Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
| | - Bruce M Wenig
- From the Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (Dr Franchi); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Dr Bishop); the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Coleman); the Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Dr Flucke); the Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Licitra); the Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (Dr Llorente Pendás); the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Stelow); St James and Dublin Dental Hospitals and Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dunne Research Laboratory, and St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Dr Toner); the Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Weinreb); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Dr Wenig); and the Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
| | - Lester D R Thompson
- From the Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (Dr Franchi); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Dr Bishop); the Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Coleman); the Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Dr Flucke); the Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, and University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Licitra); the Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (Dr Llorente Pendás); the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Dr Stelow); St James and Dublin Dental Hospitals and Trinity College, Sir Patrick Dunne Research Laboratory, and St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (Dr Toner); the Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Weinreb); the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Dr Wenig); and the Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills Medical Center, Woodland Hills (Dr Thompson)
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8
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de Gabory L, Verillaud B, Rumeau C, Herman P, Jankowski R, Michel J, de Kermadec H, Coste A, Mortuaire G, Righini C, Reyt E, Choussy O, Trévillot V, Crampette L, Serrano E, Tsaranazy A, Bastier PL, Vergez S. Multicenter assessment of exclusive endoscopic endonasal approach for the treatment of 53 olfactory neuroblastomas. Head Neck 2018; 40:1000-1007. [PMID: 29356209 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the particularities of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) and the lack of studies on the subject, a multicenter collaborative study was conducted to assess treatment strategy. METHODS Fifty-three patients with ONB were included from the French Rare Head and Neck Cancer Expert Network (REFCOR) database: 16T1, 8T2, 19T3, and 10T4. All cases were treated endoscopically with skull base removal and repair in 26 cases (49%) and without external craniotomy. RESULTS The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates at 5 years were 87% and 71%, respectively, with mean follow-up of 45.4 ± 26.5 months. The complication rate was 18.8% with 4 cases of meningitis. Pathological analysis showed positive margins in 26.8%, notably on the dura-mater and periorbita, without impairment of OS or DFS. Forty-eight patients received adjuvant radiotherapy on T ± N. Ten patients had a recurrence (18.9%). Six patients died of their disease. Prophylactic neck irradiation seemed to reduce the recurrence rate. CONCLUSION Exclusively endoscopic treatment proved efficient and reliable in a large controlled series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic de Gabory
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Verillaud
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Rumeau
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Herman
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Roger Jankowski
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Nancy, France
| | - Justin Michel
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Héloïse de Kermadec
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Creteil, France
| | - André Coste
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Creteil, France
| | - Geoffrey Mortuaire
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Lille, France
| | - Christian Righini
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Grenoble, France
| | - Emile Reyt
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Choussy
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Trévillot
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Guy de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Louis Crampette
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Guy de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Elie Serrano
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Rangueil-Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pierre-Louis Bastier
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sebastien Vergez
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital Rangueil-Larrey, Toulouse, France
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