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Soltani S, Ghatrami ER, Nabavi SMB, Khorasani N, Naderi M. The correlation between echinoderms diversity and physicochemical parameters in marine pollution: A case study of the Persian Gulf coastline. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115989. [PMID: 38171165 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the correlation between echinoderms diversity and physicochemical parameters in the Persian Gulf coastline in Bushehr province in 4 seasons from March to December 2017. The physicochemical parameters including water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, pH and turbidity were measured at each sampling location. The results showed a significant correlation between echinoderms diversity and physicochemical parameters. The correlation coefficient of the Astropecten polyacanthus species with the parameters of temperature, DO, EC, salinity and turbidity was reported as -0.41, 0.64, -0.25, -0.44 and 0.60 respectively. This coefficient for the Ophiothrix fragilis species was reported as -0.68, 0.70, -0.21, -0.36 and -0.55 respectively. The results demonstrated that the most sensitive species were Astropecten polyacanthus and Ophiothrix fragilis respectively. The different species of echinoderms can be used as biological indicators of pollution in evaluating the physicochemical quality of marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Soltani
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rajabzadeh Ghatrami
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramashahr, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Bagher Nabavi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Nematollah Khorasani
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Naderi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Breininger DR, Stolen ED, Carter GM, Legare SA, Payne WV, Breininger DJ, Lyon JE, Schumann CD, Hunt DK. Territory and population attributes affect Florida scrub-jay fecundity in fire-adapted ecosystems. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9704. [PMID: 36687801 PMCID: PMC9841125 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecundity, the number of young produced by a breeding pair during a breeding season, is a primary component in evolutionary and ecological theory and applications. Fecundity can be influenced by many environmental factors and requires long-term study due to the range of variation in ecosystem dynamics. Fecundity data often include a large proportion of zeros when many pairs fail to produce any young during a breeding season due to nest failure or when all young die independently after fledging. We conducted color banding and monthly censuses of Florida scrub-jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) across 31 years, 15 populations, and 761 territories along central Florida's Atlantic coast. We quantified how fecundity (juveniles/pair-year) was influenced by habitat quality, presence/absence of nonbreeders, population density, breeder experience, and rainfall, with a zero-inflated Bayesian hierarchical model including both a Bernoulli (e.g., brood success) and a Poisson (counts of young) submodel, and random effects for year, population, and territory. The results identified the importance of increasing "strong" quality habitat, which was a mid-successional state related to fire frequency and extent, because strong territories, and the proportion of strong territories in the overall population, influenced fecundity of breeding pairs. Populations subject to supplementary feeding also had greater fecundity. Territory size, population density, breeder experience, and rainfall surprisingly had no or small effects. Different mechanisms appeared to cause annual variation in fecundity, as estimates of random effects were not correlated between the success and count submodels. The increased fecundity for pairs with nonbreeders, compared to pairs without, identified empirical research needed to understand how the proportion of low-quality habitats influences population recovery and sustainability, because dispersal into low-quality habitats can drain nonbreeders from strong territories and decrease overall fecundity. We also describe how long-term study resulted in reversals in our understanding because of complications involving habitat quality, sociobiology, and population density.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Breininger
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC, NASA Environmental and Medical Contract, NEM‐022Kennedy Space CenterFloridaUSA
| | - Eric D. Stolen
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC, NASA Environmental and Medical Contract, NEM‐022Kennedy Space CenterFloridaUSA
| | - Geoffrey M. Carter
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC, NASA Environmental and Medical Contract, NEM‐022Kennedy Space CenterFloridaUSA
| | - Stephanie A. Legare
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC, NASA Environmental and Medical Contract, NEM‐022Kennedy Space CenterFloridaUSA
| | - William V. Payne
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC, NASA Environmental and Medical Contract, NEM‐022Kennedy Space CenterFloridaUSA
| | | | - James E. Lyon
- Merritt Island National Wildlife RefugeTitusvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Chris D. Schumann
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC, NASA Environmental and Medical Contract, NEM‐022Kennedy Space CenterFloridaUSA
| | - Danny K. Hunt
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC, NASA Environmental and Medical Contract, NEM‐022Kennedy Space CenterFloridaUSA
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Cunha GG, Dalzochio MS, Tozetti AM. Anuran diversity in ponds associated with soybean plantations. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201926. [PMID: 34909823 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anurans are considered one of the most threatened animal groups in the world. Agricultural activities are related to water pollution and contamination, which affects biphasic organisms such as amphibians. Brazilian soybean cultivation covers about 36 million hectares and encompasses many remaining ponds used as breeding sites for amphibians. In this study, we evaluated richness, abundance and composition of the anuran communities in ponds with different levels of association with soybean cultivation. A total of 18 anuran species were recorded with an abundance of 421 collected tadpoles and 1230 adult males on average. Ponds presented in soybean plantations were distinct from those adjacent to plantations regarding water properties and tadpole richness and abundance, as well as composition of tadpoles and adults. Ponds inserted in plantations had communities with lower diversity and abundance. One explanation for these results is likely the detrimental effect of soybean management, which suggests that this decrease is a result of community changes. This serves as an alert about the importance of buffer areas around plantations and the use of adequate techniques for pesticide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme G Cunha
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Av. Unisinos, 950, Cristo Rei, 93022-000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina S Dalzochio
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Av. Unisinos, 950, Cristo Rei, 93022-000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandro M Tozetti
- Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Universitário, 95914-014 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
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Ademola OJ, Vanden Broecke B, Leirs H, Mulungu LS, Massawe AW, Makundi RH. Effects of forest disturbance on the fitness of an endemic rodent in a biodiversity hotspot. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2391-2401. [PMID: 33717463 PMCID: PMC7920783 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Praomys delectorum occurs abundantly in both disturbed and intact forests in the Ukaguru Mountains within the Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM), Morogoro, Tanzania. While previous studies have reported that anthropogenic disturbances such as grazing, wood cutting, and harvesting have a positive effect on the population density of P. delectorum, the impact of habitat disturbance on its demographic traits is still unknown. We performed a capture-mark-recapture study in both disturbed and intact forests from June 2018 to February 2020 in order to investigate the effects of habitat disturbance on abundance and two demographic traits: survival and maturation of P. delectorum in the Ukaguru Mountains. We found no variation in abundance or maturation between intact and disturbed forests, but habitat type did affect survival. However, this effect was sex-dependent since female survival was higher in disturbed forests, while male survival remained similar across the two forest types potentially due to differences in predation pressure or food availability between the two habitats. Continuous demographic monitoring of P. delectorum in EAM is necessary given that the increasing human population surrounding the landscape is leading to higher deforestation rates and expansion of the pine plantation in the forest reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaoluwa John Ademola
- African Center of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology DevelopmentSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
- Department of Wildlife ManagementSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria
| | | | - Herwig Leirs
- Evolutionary Ecology GroupUniversiteit AntwerpenWilrijkBelgium
| | - Loth S. Mulungu
- Pest Management CentreSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
| | - Apia W. Massawe
- African Center of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology DevelopmentSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
- Pest Management CentreSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
| | - Rhodes H. Makundi
- African Center of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology DevelopmentSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
- Pest Management CentreSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
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Srinivasan U, Wilcove DS. Interactive impacts of climate change and land-use change on the demography of montane birds. Ecology 2020; 102:e03223. [PMID: 33048352 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and habitat degradation are amongst the two greatest threats to biodiversity. Together, they can interact to imperil species. However, how climate change and land-use change jointly affect the demographic vital rates that underpin population viability remains unknown. Here, using long-term data on birds from the increasingly degraded and rapidly warming Himalayas, we show that survival trends over time are linked to species' elevational ranges in primary, but not in selectively logged forest. In primary forest, populations at their cold-edge elevational range limit show increases in survival rates over time, whereas those at their warm-edge elevational range limit suffer survival declines. This pattern is consistent with species tracking favorable climatic conditions over time, leading to improved demographic outcomes at progressively higher elevations with climate change, which in turn lead to upslope range shifts. In logged forest, however, survival rates remain relatively constant over time. This suggests that, in response to climate change in the long term, individuals of the same species can maintain demographic vital rates in higher-elevation primary forest, but not in logged forest. This is the first demonstration of how two of the most disruptive anthropogenic influences on biodiversity interact to threaten survivorship in natural populations. Ignoring interactions between climate change and land-use change can potentially undermine accurate forecasting of the future of species in an increasingly warm and degraded world. Importantly, large tracts of well-protected primary forests across Earth's tropical elevational gradients may be essential to enable tropical montane species to persist in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Srinivasan
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru, 560 012, India.,Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - David S Wilcove
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
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Tédonzong LRD, Willie J, Makengveu ST, Lens L, Tagg N. Variation in behavioral traits of two frugivorous mammals may lead to differential responses to human disturbance. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3798-3813. [PMID: 32313637 PMCID: PMC7160177 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities can lead to a shift in wildlife species' spatial distribution. Understanding the specific effects of human activities on ranging behavior can improve conservation management of wildlife populations in human-dominated landscapes. This study evaluated the effects of forest use by humans on the spatial distribution of mammal species with different behavioral adaptations, using sympatric western lowland gorilla and central chimpanzee as focal species. We collected data on great ape nest locations, ecological and physical variables (habitat distribution, permanent rivers, and topographic data), and anthropogenic variables (distance to trails, villages, and a permanent research site). Here, we show that anthropogenic variables are important predictors of the distribution of wild animals. In the resource model, the distribution of gorilla nests was predicted by nesting habitat distribution, while chimpanzee nests were predicted first by elevation followed by nesting habitat distribution. In the anthropogenic model, the major predictors of gorilla nesting changed to human features, while the major predictors of chimpanzee nesting remained elevation and the availability of their preferred nesting habitats. Animal behavioral traits (body size, terrestrial/arboreal, level of specialization/generalization, and competitive inferiority/superiority) may influence the response of mammals to human activities. Our results suggest that chimpanzees may survive in human-encroached areas whenever the availability of their nesting habitat and preferred fruits can support their population, while a certain level of human activities may threaten gorillas. Consequently, the survival of gorillas in human-dominated landscapes is more at risk than that of chimpanzees. Replicating our research in other sites should permit a systematic evaluation of the influence of human activity on the distribution of mammal populations. As wild animals are increasingly exposed to human disturbance, understanding the resulting consequences of shifting species distributions due to human disturbance on animal population abundance and their long-term survival will be of growing conservation importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Roscelin Dongmo Tédonzong
- Projet Grands Singes (PGS), CameroonCentre for Research and Conservation (CRC)Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA)AntwerpenBelgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC)Department of BiologyGhent University (UGent)GhentBelgium
- Present address:
Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF)MonroviaLiberia
| | - Jacob Willie
- Projet Grands Singes (PGS), CameroonCentre for Research and Conservation (CRC)Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA)AntwerpenBelgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC)Department of BiologyGhent University (UGent)GhentBelgium
| | - Sandra Tewamba Makengveu
- Projet Grands Singes (PGS), CameroonCentre for Research and Conservation (CRC)Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA)AntwerpenBelgium
- Department of ForestryFaculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)University of DschangDschangCameroon
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC)Department of BiologyGhent University (UGent)GhentBelgium
| | - Nikki Tagg
- Projet Grands Singes (PGS), CameroonCentre for Research and Conservation (CRC)Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA)AntwerpenBelgium
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Srinivasan U. Morphological and Behavioral Correlates of Long-Term Bird Survival in Selectively Logged Forest. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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