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Hindrikson M, Tammeleht E. Introgression-Friend or Foe? Mol Ecol 2025:e17810. [PMID: 40432415 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 05/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- M Hindrikson
- Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Tammeleht
- Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Santostasi NL, Bauduin S, Grente O, Gimenez O, Ciucci P. Simulating the efficacy of wolf-dog hybridization management with individual-based modeling. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2025; 39:e14312. [PMID: 38894638 PMCID: PMC11780192 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Introgressive hybridization between wolves and dogs is a conservation concern due to its potentially deleterious long-term evolutionary consequences. European legislation requires that wolf-dog hybridization be mitigated through effective management. We developed an individual-based model (IBM) to simulate the life cycle of gray wolves that incorporates aspects of wolf sociality that affect hybridization rates (e.g., the dissolution of packs after the death of one/both breeders) with the goal of informing decision-making on management of wolf-dog hybridization. We applied our model by projecting hybridization dynamics in a local wolf population under different mate choice and immigration scenarios and contrasted results of removal of admixed individuals with their sterilization and release. In several scenarios, lack of management led to complete admixture, whereas reactive management interventions effectively reduced admixture in wolf populations. Management effectiveness, however, strongly depended on mate choice and number and admixture level of individuals immigrating into the wolf population. The inclusion of anthropogenic mortality affecting parental and admixed individuals (e.g., poaching) increased the probability of pack dissolution and thus increased the probability of interbreeding with dogs or admixed individuals and boosted hybridization and introgression rates in all simulation scenarios. Recognizing the necessity of additional model refinements (appropriate parameterization, thorough sensitivity analyses, and robust model validation) to generate management recommendations applicable in real-world scenarios, we maintain confidence in our model's potential as a valuable conservation tool that can be applied to diverse situations and species facing similar threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Luisa Santostasi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”Sapienza University of RomeRomaItaly
- CEFECNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
- National Biodiversity Future CenterPalermoItaly
| | - Sarah Bauduin
- Direction de la Recherche et Appui Scientifique, Service Conservation et Gestion des Espèces à EnjeuxOffice Français de la BiodiversitéJuvignacFrance
| | - Oksana Grente
- CEFECNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Paolo Ciucci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”Sapienza University of RomeRomaItaly
- National Biodiversity Future CenterPalermoItaly
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Ashari H, Liu LS, Dagong MIA, Cai ZF, Xie GL, Yin TT, Zhang YP, Han JL, Peng MS. Genome sequencing and assembly of feral chickens in the wild of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Anim Genet 2025; 56:e13497. [PMID: 39710860 DOI: 10.1111/age.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 12/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
The feralization of domestic chicken makes the conservation and management of red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) more complicated and challenging. We collected two Sulawesi feral chickens, located east of the Wallace Line, for whole-genome sequencing and de novo genome assembly. Phylogenetic and f4-statistics analyses indicated that the Sulawesi feralized domestic chickens (G. g. domesticus) received gene flow from G. g. gallus. We integrated ~45× ultra-long Oxford Nanopore Technology reads and ~28× PacBio HiFi reads to generate a de novo genome assembly of a female Sulawesi feral chicken (GGsula) with a contig N50 of 19.88 Mbp. We characterized structural variations in GGsula, and found some were related to nervous system. Our study provides the first genome assembly of feral chickens, which is a unique genomic resource to explore the process of chicken domestication and feralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Ashari
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Li-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | | | - Zheng-Fei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Guo-Li Xie
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yin
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Lin Han
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Sheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Sarabia C, Salado I, Fernández-Gil A, vonHoldt BM, Hofreiter M, Vilà C, Leonard JA. Potential Adaptive Introgression From Dogs in Iberian Grey Wolves (Canis lupus). Mol Ecol 2025:e17639. [PMID: 39791197 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Invading species along with increased anthropogenization may lead to hybridization events between wild species and closely related domesticates. As a consequence, wild species may carry introgressed alleles from domestic species, which is generally assumed to yield adverse effects in wild populations. The opposite evolutionary consequence, adaptive introgression, where introgressed genes are positively selected in the wild species, is possible but has rarely been documented. Grey wolves (Canis lupus) are widely distributed across the Holarctic and frequently coexist with their close relative, the domestic dog (C. familiaris). Despite ample opportunity, hybridization rarely occurs in most populations. Here we studied the geographically isolated grey wolves of the Iberian Peninsula, who have coexisted with a large population of loosely controlled dogs for thousands of years in a human-modified landscape. We assessed the extent and impact of dog introgression on the current Iberian grey wolf population by analysing 150 whole genomes of Iberian and other Eurasian grey wolves as well as dogs originating from across Europe and western Siberia. We identified almost no recent introgression and a small (< 5%) overall ancient dog ancestry. Using a combination of single scan statistics and ancestry enrichment estimates, we identified positive selection on six genes (DAPP1, NSMCE4A, MPPED2, PCDH9, MBTPS1, and CDH13) for which wild Iberian wolves carry alleles introgressed from dogs. The genes with introgressed and positively selected alleles include functions in immune response and brain functions, which may explain some of the unique behavioural phenotypes in Iberian wolves such as their reduced dispersal compared to other wolf populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sarabia
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Isabel Salado
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Bridgett M vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carles Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
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Smith WJ, Jezierski MT, Dunn JC, Clegg SM. Parasite exchange and hybridisation at a wild-feral-domestic interface. Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:797-808. [PMID: 37474096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between wild, feral, and domestic animals are of economic and conservation significance. The pigeon Columba livia is a synanthropic species in a feral form, but it also includes the rare Rock Dove. Columba livia is an important player at the wild-domestic interface, acting as a carrier of avian diseases, and the feral form threatens Rock Doves with extinction via hybridisation. Despite its abundance, little is known about drivers of disease prevalence in C. livia, or how disease and hybridisation represent synergistic threats to Rock Doves. We focused on infection by the parasite Trichomonas, first collating prevalence estimates in domestic and free-living populations from relevant studies of C. livia. Second, we characterised variation in the diversity and prevalence of Trichomonas among three C. livia populations in the United Kingdom: a feral, a Rock Dove, and a feral-wild hybrid population. Across multiple continents, free-living pigeons had lower Trichomonas infection than captive conspecifics, but the effect was weak. Environmental factors which could impact Trichomonas infection status did not explain variation in infection among populations. Among the British populations, strain diversity varied, and there was lower parasite prevalence in Rock Doves than feral pigeons. Individual infection status was not explained by the available covariates, including hybrid score and site. The drivers of Trichomonas prevalence are unclear, perhaps due to idiosyncratic local-scale drivers. However, given the population-level variation in both infection prevalence and introgressive hybridisation, the potential combined effects could accelerate the extinction of the Rock Dove. Further study of the synergistic effects of multiple types of biotic interactions at the wild-feral-domestic interface is warranted, especially where vagile, globally distributed and superabundant animals are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Smith
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Michał T Jezierski
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jenny C Dunn
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, UK; School of Biology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Sonya M Clegg
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, UK
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Limited domestic introgression in a final refuge of the wild pigeon. iScience 2022; 25:104620. [PMID: 35880028 PMCID: PMC9308148 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Fan Y, Cheng Z, Liu B, Hu X, Ali M, Long C. An ethnobiological study on traditional knowledge associated with black-boned sheep (Ovis aries) in Northwest Yunnan, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:39. [PMID: 35581643 PMCID: PMC9112469 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black-boned sheep is a precious genetic resource with black quality traits cultivated by the Pumi people in Tongdian Town, Lanping County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Northwest Yunnan, China. It has been included in the "National Breed List of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources." The local communities have a deep understanding of black-boned sheep. The traditional knowledge of black-boned sheep is essential to their conservation and sustainable development. In spite of this, there was no information on traditional knowledge associated with black-boned sheep so far. The aim of this study wasaimed to document traditional knowledge and culture, to elucidate information about forage plants, and to investigate the conservation strategy of black-boned sheep. METHOD Four field surveys were conducted from July 2019 to May 2021. A total of seven villages and the Pumi Culture Museum in Lanping County are being investigated. A semi-structured interview method was used to interview 67 key informants. During the investigation, we also participated in the grazing activities of black-boned sheep, observed the appearance characteristics and the herd structure of the black-boned sheep, and demonstrated traditional knowledge regarding black-boned sheep, including grazing methods, forage plants, and related customs and habits. RESULTS We assumed that a majority of people in the current study sites were able to could distinguish black-boned sheep from their relatives by their black bones, blue-green gums, and blue-purple anus. The local people manage their black-boned sheep based on the number of sheep by sex, age, and role in a flock in the different breeding environments. Different grazing strategies have been adopted in different seasons. Through ethnobotanical investigations, 91 species of forage plants in 30 families were identified, including herbaceous, shrubs, lianas, and trees. Among all the plant species consumed by the black-boned sheep, Rosaceae species make up the greatest number, with 16, followed by Asteraceae, with 9, and 8 species of Fabaceae and Poaceae. Considering the abundance of forage plants and the preference for black-boned sheep, Prinsepia utilis and the plants of Rubus, Berberis, and Yushania occupy dominant positions. Plants used for foraging are divided into two categories: wild and cultivated. Due to the lack of forage plants in fall and winter, the local people mainly cultivate crops to feed their black-boned sheep. In addition, the black-boned sheep is an influential cultural species in the local community and plays a prominent role in the cultural identity of the Pumi people. CONCLUSION Sheep play an essential role in the inheritance of the spiritual culture and material culture of the Pumi ethnic group. The formation of the black-boned sheep is inseparable from the worship of sheep by the Pumi people. With a long-term grazing process, the locals have developed a variety of traditional knowledge related to black-boned sheep. This is the experience that locals have accumulated when managing forests and grasslands. Therefore, both the government and individuals should learn from the local people when it comes to protecting black-boned sheep. No one knows black-boned sheep better than them. The foremost evidence of this is the rich traditional knowledge of breeding black-boned sheep presented by key informants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081 China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081 China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081 China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Maroof Ali
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000 China
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081 China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081 China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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