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Abstract
Silk is an ancient material with essential roles in numerous biomedical applications, such as tissue regeneration and drug delivery, because of its excellent tunable mechanical properties and diverse physical structures. In addition to the necessary functionalities for biomedical applications, another critical factor for materials applied in biology is the appropriate immune interactions with the body. This review focuses on the immune responses of silk-based materials applied in biomedical applications, specifically antigenicity. The factors affecting the antigenicity of silk-based materials are complicated and are related to the composition and structural characteristics of the materials. At the same time, the composition of silk-based materials varies with its species sources, such as silkworms, spiders, honey bees, or engineered recombinant silk. Additionally, different processing methods are used to fabricate different material formats, such as films, hydrogels, scaffolds, particles, and fibers, resulting in different structural characteristics. Furthermore, the resulting body reactions are also different with different degrees of the immune response. Silk protein typically induces a mild immune response, and immunogenicity can play active roles in osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and protection from inflammation. However, there are some rare reports of severe immune responses caused by silk, which can result in an allergic response or tissue necrosis. The source of allergenicity in silk-based materials is currently under-studied and how to regulate and eliminate the overreaction of the immune system is essential for further applications. Overall, the diverse characteristics of silk-based materials mostly show beneficial bioresponses with mild immunogenicity, and the tunable properties make it applicable in immune-related biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Long
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. .,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- Department of Dentistry - Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. .,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. .,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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Yasuda R, Nagai A, Saito K, Sugiura K. Facial contact urticaria caused by a facial cleanser and cosmetics. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:106-107. [PMID: 33527416 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rena Yasuda
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akiyo Nagai
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kenta Saito
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Abstract
Besides conditions such as scabies and hypersensitivity to house dust mites, other diseases caused by mites and caterpillars tend to be more uncommon in everyday practice. Nevertheless, there is a broad spectrum of medically relevant disorders associated with these arthropods. Mites may act as parasites that infect or colonize the skin (e.g., scabies, pseudoscabies, demodicosis) or they may pierce the host's skin and feed on tissue fluid and blood (trombiculosis). In the latter case, they also play a role as vectors transmitting Orientia tsutsugamushi, the pathogen that causes Tsutsugamushi fever. In addition to house dust mites, storage mites, too, are characterized by their allergenic potential. The terms erucism and lepidopterism are used for the various diseases caused by caterpillars and moths. Both terms are not used consistently. With respect to pathogenesis, various mechanisms have been described, including type I and type IV hypersensitivity as well as irritant and toxin-induced reactions. In Germany, skin reactions following exposure to the hairs of oak processionary caterpillars are particularly common. Extracutaneous manifestations including nausea, vomiting, hemorrhage, arthropathy or even life-threatening reactions have been reported in association with certain exotic species. Some species act as parasites by feeding on blood or tears. As natural silk can cause immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, workers in the silk industry may develop allergic asthma, rhinitis, or conjunctivitis. Consumption of silkworm pupae is associated with the risk of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Panzer
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Susanne Krebs
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Panzer R, Krebs S. Milben, Raupen und Falter. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:867-882. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14207_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Panzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - Susanne Krebs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie Universitätsmedizin Rostock
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Abstract
Food anaphylaxis is on the increase, with those who have an allergy to peanuts, tree nuts, milk, and seafood at the highest risk of developing such a reaction. However, the diet in many societies is increasingly varied, much of the food consumed is prepared outside the home, and meals are often composed of many different ingredients. Anaphylaxis may occur to a composite food, and it may be unclear whether the reaction is due to contamination or to a culprit allergen present in an added ingredient. Composite foods can contain many allergic proteins present in small amounts, which do not always have to be labeled, unless they feature in European or US labeling regulations. These “hidden” allergens include mustard, celery, spices, lupine, pea, natural food colourings, and preservatives, but can occasionally include allergenic material from contaminants such as cereal mites. Hidden allergens can provoke severe reactions to seemingly unconnected foods which might then lead to a diagnosis of idiopathic anaphylaxis. The same problem can arise with two well-known types of food allergy; wheat-dependant exercise induced anaphylaxis and allergy to non-specific Lipid Transfer Protein allergens, both of which might only manifest when linked to a cofactor such as exercise. Many of these risk factors for food anaphylaxis have a common link; the public's engagement with popular concepts of health and fitness. This includes the development of a food and exercise culture involving the promotion and marketing of foods for their health-giving properties i.e., meat substitutes, wheat substitutes, supplements and alternative, or “natural” remedies for common ailments. Some of these foods have been reported as the cause of severe allergic reactions, but because they are often viewed as benign unlikely causes of severe allergic reactions, could be considered to be hidden allergens. The best resource to elicit the likelihood of a hidden allergen provoking an allergic reaction is to take a detailed history of the allergic reaction, presence of co-factors, foods suspected, type of food and where it was consumed. A good knowledge of commonly used ingredients, and list of potential hidden allergen suspects are essential tools for the food allergy detective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel J Skypala
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Shin SM, Lee Y, Moon H, Kim SA, Oh JH, Chung S, Shim JS, Kang HR. A case of hair dye-induced contact anaphylaxis. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2019.7.4.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Myoung Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonhee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongran Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-A Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujie Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Goossens A, Amaro C, Mahler V. Protein Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_21-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Romita P, Fuso C, Ettorre G, Bonamonte D, Foti C. Contact urticaria caused by a silk bed quilt in a young atopic female. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 77:425-426. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Romita
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic; University of Bari; 70124 Bari Italy
| | - Carlo Fuso
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic; University of Bari; 70124 Bari Italy
| | - Grazia Ettorre
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic; University of Bari; 70124 Bari Italy
| | - Domenico Bonamonte
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic; University of Bari; 70124 Bari Italy
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Vandevenne A, Morren MA, Goossens A. Immunological contact urticaria caused by a silk shirt in an atopic patient. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 72:240-1. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alix Vandevenne
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals, K.U. Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Marie-Anne Morren
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals, K.U. Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - An Goossens
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals, K.U. Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
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