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Zhang S, Zhang C, Fan M, Chen T, Yan H, Shi N, Chen Y. Neuromodulation and Functional Gastrointestinal Disease. Neuromodulation 2024; 27:243-255. [PMID: 37690016 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common, and they severely impair an individual's quality of life. The mechanism of pathogenesis and the effective treatments for FGIDs remain elusive. Neuromodulation-a relatively new treatment-has exhibited a good therapeutic effect on FGIDs, although there are different methods for different symptoms of FGIDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used PubMed to review the history of neuromodulation for the treatment of FGIDs and to review several recently proposed neuromodulation approaches with improved effects on FGIDs. CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture, transcutaneous electroacupuncture, transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation, sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) (which relies on vagal nerve stimulation), and gastric electrical stimulation (which works through the modulation of slow waves generated by the interstitial cells of Cajal), in addition to the noninvasive neurostimulation alternative approach method of SNS-tibial nerve stimulation and transcutaneous electrical stimulation (which is still in its infancy), are some of the proposed neuromodulation approaches with improved effects on FGIDs. This review has discussed some critical issues related to the selection of stimulation parameters and the underlying mechanism and attempts to outline future research directions backed by the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Mingwei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Tan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
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Rego RMP, Machado NC, Carvalho MDA, Graffunder JS, Fraguas C, Ortolan EVP, Lourenção PLTDA. Transcutaneous Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation: An Adjuvant Treatment for Intractable Constipation in Children. Biomedicines 2024; 12:164. [PMID: 38255269 PMCID: PMC10813187 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional constipation can lead to painful defecations, fecal incontinence, and abdominal pain, significantly affecting a child's quality of life. Treatment options include non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches, but some cases are intractable and require alternative interventions like neuromodulation. A subtype of neuromodulation, called Transcutaneous Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation (TPTNS), comprises electrical stimulation at the ankle level, by means of electrodes fixed to the skin. TPTNS is a minimally invasive, easy-to-apply technique that can potentially improve constipation symptoms in the pediatric population by stimulating the sacral nerves. AIM To evaluate the clinical results and applicability of TPTNS as an adjuvant treatment for children and adolescents with functional constipation. METHODS Between April 2019 and October 2021, 36 patients diagnosed with functional constipation according to the Rome IV Criteria were invited to participate in the study. The study followed a single-center, uncontrolled, prospective cohort design. Patients received TPTNS for 4 or 8 weeks, with assessments conducted immediately after the periods of TPTNS and 4 weeks after the end of the intervention period. The data normality distribution was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Wilcoxon test and Student's t-test for paired samples were used to compare quantitative variables, and the McNemar test was used to compare categorical variables. RESULTS Of the 36 enrolled patients, 28 children and adolescents with intractable function constipation completed the study, receiving TPTNS for 4 weeks. Sixteen patients (57.1%) extended the intervention period for 4 extra weeks, receiving 8 weeks of intervention. TPTNS led to significant improvements in stool consistency, frequency of defecation, and bowel function scores, with a reduction in abdominal pain. Quality of life across physical and psychosocial domains showed substantial enhancements. The quality of life-related to bowel habits also improved significantly, particularly in lifestyle, behavior, and embarrassment domains. The positive effects of this intervention are seen relatively early, detected after 4 weeks of intervention, and even 4 weeks after the end of the intervention. TPTNS was well-tolerated, with an adherence rate of approximately 78%, and no adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS TPTNS is an adjuvant treatment for intractable functional constipation, improving bowel function and quality of life. The effects of TPTNS were observed relatively early and sustained even after treatment cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mayara Padilha Rego
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (R.M.P.R.); (E.V.P.O.)
| | - Nilton Carlos Machado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (N.C.M.); (M.d.A.C.)
| | - Mary de Assis Carvalho
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (N.C.M.); (M.d.A.C.)
| | - Johann Souza Graffunder
- Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Erika Veruska Paiva Ortolan
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (R.M.P.R.); (E.V.P.O.)
| | - Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda Lourenção
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (R.M.P.R.); (E.V.P.O.)
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Yin J, Chen JD. Noninvasive electrical neuromodulation for gastrointestinal motility disorders. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:1221-1232. [PMID: 38018087 PMCID: PMC10842705 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2288156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal motility disorders are highly prevalent without satisfactory treatment. noninvasive electrical neuromodulation is an emerging therapy for treating various gastrointestinal motility disorders. AREAS COVERED In this review, several emerging noninvasive neuromodulation methods are introduced, including transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation, percutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation, transcutaneous cervical vagal nerve stimulation, transcutaneous electrical acustimulation, transabdominal interference stimulation, tibial nerve stimulation, and translumbosacral neuromodulation therapy. Their clinical applications in the most common gastrointestinal motility are discussed, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and fecal incontinence. PubMed database was searched from 1995 to June 2023 for relevant articles in English. EXPERT OPINION Noninvasive neuromodulation is effective and safe in improving both gastrointestinal symptoms and dysmotility; it can be used when pharmacotherapy is ineffective. Future directions include refining the methodology, improving device development and understanding mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun Yin
- Transtimulation Research Inc, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jiande Dz Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
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Song G, Trujillo S, Fu Y, Shibi F, Chen J, Fass R. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for gastrointestinal motility disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14618. [PMID: 37288650 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility is categorized by muscle or nerve dysfunctions in any portion of the GI tract, which leads to abnormalities in GI motor and sensory function. Symptoms may vary depending on the organ affected and can be debilitating. Treatment usually involves diet and lifestyle changes. Pharmacotherapy is limited in effectiveness with various side effects. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES), a noninvasive, needleless technique that provides electrical stimulation using cutaneous non-needle electrodes, has become increasingly popular. It has been shown to be beneficial in treating GI motility disorders. METHODS This review paper navigates through the different TES techniques, including transcutaneous peripheral nerve (vagal/sacral/tibial nerves) electrical stimulation, transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (stimulation via acupuncture point), transcutaneous interferential current therapy, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. KEY RESULTS As we delve deeper, we explore the promising effects of TES on dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, postoperative ileus, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome. The literature at hand speaks volumes about the therapeutic prowess of this noninvasive technique. CONCLUSION & INFERENCES The time is ripe to evaluate further the full therapeutic potential of TES, a noninvasive, nonpharmaceutical, nonsurgical, and home-based self-administrative technique in managing GI motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengqing Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sophie Trujillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuhan Fu
- Department of Internal Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fahmi Shibi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Jiande Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ronnie Fass
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Shi X, Zhao L, Luo H, Deng H, Wang X, Ren G, Zhang L, Tao Q, Liang S, Liu N, Huang X, Zhang X, Yang X, Sun J, Qin W, Kang X, Han Y, Pan Y, Fan D. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation Is Effective for the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Study. Am J Gastroenterol 2023:00000434-990000000-00897. [PMID: 37787432 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) can be used to modulate gastrointestinal motility, inflammation, and nociception. However, it remains unclear whether VNS is effective in adult patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). We investigated the effectiveness of transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) in patients with FD. METHODS Consecutive patients with FD meeting Rome IV criteria with modified FD Symptom Diary score ≥10 were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to 10-Hz taVNS (V10 group), 25-Hz taVNS (V25 group), or sham group, with 30 minutes of treatment twice a day for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the response rate at week 4, defined as the proportion of patients whose modified FD Symptom Diary score was reduced ≥5 when compared with the baseline. Secondary outcomes included adequate relief rate and adverse events. RESULTS A total of 300 patients were randomized to V10 (n = 101), V25 (n = 99), and sham groups (n = 100). After 4 weeks of treatment, V10 and V25 groups had a higher response rate (81.2% vs 75.9% vs 47%, both P < 0.001) and adequate relief rate (85.1% vs 80.8% vs 67%, both P < 0.05) compared with the sham group. There was no significant difference between V10 and V25 in response rate and adequate relief rate (both P > 0.05). The efficacy of taVNS (both 10 and 25 Hz) lasted at week 8 and week 12 during follow-up period. Adverse events were all mild and comparable among the 3 groups (1%-3%). DISCUSSION Our study firstly showed that 4-week taVNS (both 10 and 25 Hz) was effective and safe for the treatment of adult FD ( clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT04668534).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation and Transformation Joint Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuhui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuejuan Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation and Transformation Joint Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinbo Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation and Transformation Joint Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, Intelligent Non-Invasive Neuromodulation and Transformation Joint Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanglin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Velasco-Benitez C, Villamarin E, Mendez M, Linero A, Hungria G, Saps M. Efficacy of transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation in functional constipation. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:1309-1315. [PMID: 36637541 PMCID: PMC9838342 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Most children with functional constipation (FC) improve with conventional treatments. However, a proportion of children have poor treatment outcomes. Management of intractable FC may include botulinum toxin injections, transanal irrigation, antegrade enemas, colonic resections, and in some cases sacral nerve stimulation (SNS). SNS is surgically placed, not readily available and expensive. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) allows transmission of electronic impulses and retrograde stimulation to the sacral nerve plexus in a portable, simple and non-invasive fashion. To assess the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous PTNS for the treatment of FC in children. Single-center, prospective interventional study. Children 4-14 years with Rome IV diagnosis of FC received ten daily PTNS (30 min/day) sessions. Electrodes placed over skin of ankle. Strength of stimulus was below pain threshold. Outcomes were assessed during treatment and 7 days after. Twenty-three subjects enrolled. Two children excluded (acute gastroenteritis, COVID-19 contact). Twenty completed the study (4-14 years), (8.4 ± 3.2 years, 71.4% female). We found significant improvement in the consistency of bowel movements (BM) (p = 0.005), fecal incontinence (FI) (p = 0.005), abdominal pain presence (p = < 0.001) and intensity (p = 0.005), and a significant for improvement in blood in stools (p = 0.037). There was 86.3% improvement in abdominal pain. 96.7% reported treatment satisfaction. Only one child required rescue therapy. CONCLUSION We found significant improvement in stool consistency, FI, abdominal pain, and hematochezia. This suggests that transcutaneous PTNS could be a promising noninvasive treatment for FC in children. Large studies are needed. WHAT IS KNOWN • Functional constipation is one of the most common disorders in children. • Current management of functional constipation consists of an integrative approach that includes medications, diet and behavioral strategies. WHAT IS NEW • Posterior tibial nerve stimulation is a novel noninvasive and easy to use therapy that can improve stool consistency, fecal incontinence and blood in stools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eder Villamarin
- Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali Valle Del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Melissa Mendez
- Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali Valle Del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alfredo Linero
- Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cl. 5 #No. 62 -00, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | | | - Miguel Saps
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Miami, Mailman Center, 1601 NW 12 AVE, Suite 3005A, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Saba EKA, Elsawy MS. Biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training versus posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation in treatment of functional obstructed defecation: a prospective randomized clinical trial. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9510403 DOI: 10.1186/s43166-022-00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Functional obstructed defecation is a common anorectal problem among adult population. The objective was to compare the short-term efficacy of biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training versus transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation in treatment of patients with functional obstructed defecation.
Results
There were 41 patients completed the study. There were no statistical significant differences between biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training group and transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation group regarding different clinical characteristics, as well as, electrophysiological findings. There was statistically significant reduction in all outcome measures after intervention in both groups. The primary outcome measure was Modified obstructed defecation score. Secondary outcome measures were Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life questionnaire, time of toileting, and maximum anal pressure during straining to evacuate. No significant differences were present between both groups regarding different outcome measures in the pretreatment and post-treatment assessments. Successful outcome was reported in 81% of patients in biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training group in comparison to 40% of patients in the posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation group according to the Modified obstructed defecation score which was the primary outcome measure.
Conclusions
Both biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training and posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation are considered effective methods in the treatment of functional obstructed defecation. However, biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training seems to be more effective and superior in comparison to posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation. Posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation could be combined with biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training or considered as a second line therapy after failure of biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training.
Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR202009762113535. Registered 2 September 2020—retrospectively registered, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=12321.
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Xu JJ, Zimmerman LL, Soriano VH, Mentzelopoulos G, Kennedy E, Bottorff EC, Stephan C, Kozloff K, Devlin MJ, Bruns TM. Tibial nerve stimulation increases vaginal blood perfusion and bone mineral density and yield load in ovariectomized rat menopause model. Int Urogynecol J 2022; 33:3543-3553. [PMID: 35254469 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-022-05125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Human menopause transition and post-menopausal syndrome, driven by reduced ovarian activity and estrogen levels, are associated with an increased risk for symptoms including but not limited to sexual dysfunction, metabolic disease, and osteoporosis. Current treatments are limited in efficacy and may have adverse consequences, so investigation for additional treatment options is necessary. Previous studies have demonstrated that percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) and electro-acupuncture near the tibial nerve are minimally invasive treatments that increase vaginal blood perfusion or serum estrogen in the rat model. We hypothesized that PTNS would protect against harmful reproductive and systemic changes associated with menopause. METHODS We examined the effects of twice-weekly PTNS (0.2 ms pulse width, 20 Hz, 2× motor threshold) under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats on menopause-associated physiological parameters including serum estradiol, body weight, blood glucose, bone health, and vaginal blood perfusion. Rats were split into three groups (n = 10 per group): (1) intact control (no stimulation), (2) OVX control (no stimulation), and (3) OVX stimulation (treatment group). RESULTS PTNS did not affect serum estradiol levels, body weight, or blood glucose. PTNS transiently increased vaginal blood perfusion during stimulation for up to 5 weeks after OVX and increased areal bone mineral density and yield load of the right femur (side of stimulation) compared to the unstimulated OVX control. CONCLUSIONS PTNS may ameliorate some symptoms associated with menopause. Additional studies to elucidate the full potential of PTNS on menopause-associated symptoms under different experimental conditions are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Jessica Xu
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA.
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Lauren L Zimmerman
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vanessa H Soriano
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Neuroscience Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Georgios Mentzelopoulos
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric Kennedy
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Bottorff
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chris Stephan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth Kozloff
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maureen J Devlin
- Anthropology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tim M Bruns
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Andresen V, Becker G, Frieling T, Goebel-Stengel M, Gundling F, Herold A, Karaus M, Keller J, Kim M, Klose P, Krammer H, Kreis ME, Kuhlbusch-Zicklam R, Langhorst J, Layer P, Lenzen-Großimlinghaus R, Madisch A, Mönnikes H, Müller-Lissner S, Rubin D, Schemann M, Schwille-Kiuntke J, Stengel A, Storr M, van der Voort I, Voderholzer W, Wedel T, Wirz S, Witzigmann H, Pehl C. Aktualisierte S2k-Leitlinie chronische Obstipation der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurogastroenterologie & Motilität (DGNM) – April 2022 – AWMF-Registriernummer: 021–019. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:1528-1572. [PMID: 36223785 DOI: 10.1055/a-1880-1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Andresen
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - G Becker
- Klinik für Palliativmedizin, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - T Frieling
- Medizinische Klinik II, Helios-Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Deutschland
| | | | - F Gundling
- Medizinische Klinik II (Gastroenterologie, Gastroenterologische Onkologie, Hepatologie, Diabetologie, Stoffwechsel, Infektiologie), Klinikum am Bruderwald, Bamberg, Deutschland
| | - A Herold
- Sozialstiftung Bamberg, End- und Dickdarm-Zentrum Mannheim, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - M Karaus
- Abt. Innere Medizin, Evang. Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - J Keller
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - M Kim
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik I) des Universitätsklinikums, Zentrum Operative Medizin (ZOM), Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - P Klose
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Medizinische Fakultät, Essen, Deutschland
| | - H Krammer
- Sozialstiftung Bamberg, End- und Dickdarm-Zentrum Mannheim, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - M E Kreis
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - J Langhorst
- Knappschafts-Krankenhaus, Essen, Deutschland
| | - P Layer
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | | | - A Madisch
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, interventionelle Endoskopie und Diabetologie, Klinikum Siloah-Oststadt-Heidehaus, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - H Mönnikes
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Martin-Luther-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - D Rubin
- Klinik für Innere Medizin Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, DRK Kliniken Berlin Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland.,Klinik für Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Spandau, Deutschland
| | - M Schemann
- Lehrstuhl für Humanbiologie, TU München, Freising, Deutschland
| | - J Schwille-Kiuntke
- Innere Medizin VI Psychosomat. Medizin u. Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.,Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - A Stengel
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Psychosomatik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - M Storr
- Zentrum für Endoskopie, Starnberg, Deutschland
| | - I van der Voort
- Klinik für Innere Medizin Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, Jüdisches Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - T Wedel
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - S Wirz
- Cura Krankenhaus Bad Honnef, Bad Honnef, Deutschland
| | - H Witzigmann
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Krankenhaus Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - C Pehl
- Medizinische Klinik, Krankenhaus Vilsbiburg, Vilsbiburg, Deutschland
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10
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Santos LTD, Matos GSR, Nogueira PC, Simis M. Effect of transcutaneous abdominal electrical stimulation in people with constipation due to spinal cord injuries: a pilot study. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2022; 56:e20210449. [PMID: 35848844 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0449en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of abdominal electrical stimulation (EE) on bowel movement frequency and feces consistency and expelled amount in people with constipation due to spinal cord injuries (SCI). METHOD This is an experimental, crossover, randomized pilot study with two treatment groups: conventional intestinal rehabilitation and conventional rehabilitation associated with EE via 8- and 20-Hz Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) of the abdominal muscles. Both groups were followed for two weeks with daily 30-minute EE sessions. Participants were hospitalized in a rehabilitation institute in the municipality of São Paulo. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS This study included 10 people with SCI, of which most were male (70%), with a mean age of 39 years (SD = 16.37). EE, associated with conventional treatment, was more effective in increasing defecation frequency (p = 0.029) and amount of feces expelled (p = 0.031). CONCLUSION Abdominal EE, associated with conventional treatment, helped to increase defecation frequency and amount of feces expelled in people with constipation due to SCI. This pilot study will serve as the basis for a future clinical trial with greater sampling and statistical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Cristina Nogueira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Médico Cirúrgica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcel Simis
- Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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El-Chammas KI, Santucci NR, Mansi S, Kaul A. Pediatric gastrointestinal neuromodulation: A review. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:403-412. [PMID: 35418002 PMCID: PMC9843514 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_109_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation, also known as bioelectric neuromodulation or neurostimulation, is the therapeutic use of electrical stimulation of nerves or brain centers. Neuromodulation has been trialed in an increasing range of human diseases as well as gastrointestinal disorders. The application of neuromodulation to treat pediatric motility and functional disorders is an exciting recent development. This review aims to briefly discuss the use of neuromodulation for the treatment of pediatric gastroparesis, constipation, and visceral hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil I. El-Chammas
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr. Khalil I. El-Chammas, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, Ohio - 45229, USA. E-mail:
| | - Neha R. Santucci
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sherief Mansi
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ajay Kaul
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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12
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Santos LTD, Matos GSR, Nogueira PC, Simis M. Efeito da eletroestimulação abdominal transcutânea no quadro de constipação em pessoas com lesão medular: estudo piloto. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0449pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da eletroestimulação (EE) abdominal sobre a frequência de evacuações, a consistência e a quantidade de fezes em pessoas com constipação decorrente da lesão medular (LM). Método: Estudo piloto experimental do tipo crossover-randomizado em dois grupos de tratamento: convencional de reabilitação intestinal e convencional associado à EE com Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) de 8 e 20 Hz aplicados na musculatura abdominal. Ambos os grupos em seguimento por duas semanas, com 30 minutos de sessão diária de EE. Os participantes estavam internados em um instituto de reabilitação da cidade de São Paulo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 10 pessoas com LM, a maioria do sexo masculino (70%), com média de idade de 39 anos (DP = 16,37). A EE, associada ao tratamento convencional, mostrou-se mais eficaz no aumento da frequência evacuatória (p = 0,029) e na quantidade de fezes (p = 0,031). Conclusão: A EE abdominal associada ao tratamento convencional auxiliou no aumento da frequência evacuatória e na quantidade de fezes no quadro de constipação em pessoas com LM. Este estudo piloto servirá como base para um futuro ensaio clínico com maior amostragem e comprovação estatística.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcel Simis
- Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação, Brazil
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic functional constipation is a highly prevalent disorder in which, when conservative measures fail to relieve symptoms, surgical interventions are sometimes indicated. In recent years, neuromodulation for the treatment of functional constipation has gained interest but its role and effectiveness are still unclear. The purpose of this review is to provide a systematic overview on the current literature on the different modalities of neurostimulation and their effect on chronic functional constipation in adults as reported in the literature. METHODS A search in the literature for articles concerning the effect of different types of neuromodulation on constipation was performed in PubMed using extensive search terms for the different modalities of neuromodulation. Studies and trials were checked for eligibility. For all types of neuromodulation together, 27 articles were included. RESULTS 17 studies were included on SNM (sacral nerve modulation). Although multiple studies show positive results on the effect of SNM in constipation, double-blind crossover RCT's (randomised controlled trials) showed no significant effect. 3 studies were included for tSNS (transcutaneous sacral nerve stimulation), 2 for PTNS (percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation) and 2 for TTNS (transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation). Studies and trials on these modalities of neuromodulation reported ambiguous results on statistical significance of the effect. For transcutaneous IFC (interferential current therapy) 2 studies were included, which both reported a statistically significant effect on all outcomes. CONCLUSION The beneficial effect of neuromodulation in chronic functional constipation remains questionable. However, neuro-modulation might be worth considering in patients refractory to treatment before turning to more invasive measures. Future research should shed more light on the effects of neuromodulation in constipation.
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14
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Camargo HPD, Machado VF, Parra RS, FÉres O, Rocha JJRD, Feitosa MR. MAIN MANOMETRIC FINDINGS AND POTENTIAL FOR ANORECTAL PHYSICAL THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH EVACUATION DISORDERS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2020; 57:306-310. [PMID: 33027482 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202000000-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evacuation disorders are prevalent in the adult population, and a significant portion of cases may originate from pelvic floor muscle dysfunctions. Anorectal manometry (ARM) is an important diagnostic tool and can guide conservative treatment. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of pelvic dysfunction in patients with evacuation disorders through clinical and manometric findings and to evaluate, using the same findings, whether there are published protocols that could be guided by anorectal manometry. METHODS A retrospective analysis of a prospective database of 278 anorectal manometries performed for the investigation of evacuation disorders in patients seen at the anorectal physiology outpatient clinic of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto between January 2015 to June 2019 was conducted. The following parameters were calculated: resting pressure (RP), squeeze pressure (SP), high-pressure zone (HPZ), rectal sensitivity (RS) and rectal capacity (RC). The pressure measurements and manometric plots were reviewed to determine the diagnosis and to propose potential pelvic physical therapy procedures. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the continuous variables and to evaluate the equality of variances between groups of patients with fecal incontinence (FI) and chronic constipation (CC). Results with a significance level lower than 0.05 (P-value <0.05) were considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 20. RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 45±22 years, with a predominance of females (64.4%) and economically inactive (72.7%) patients. The indications for exam performance were FI (65.8%) and CC (34.2%). Patients with FI had lower RP (41.9 mmHg x 67.6 mmHg; P<0.001), SP (85.4 mmHg x 116.0 mmHg; P<0.001), HPZ (1.49 cm x 2.42 cm; P<0.001), RS (57.9 mL x 71.5 mL; P=0.044) and RC (146.2 mL x 195.5 mL; P<0.001) compared to those of patients with CC. For patients with FI, the main diagnosis was the absence of a functional anal canal (49.7%). For patients with CC, the main diagnosis was outflow tract obstruction (54.7%). For patients with FI, the main protocol involved a combination of anorectal biofeedback (aBF) with tibial nerve stimulation (TNS) (57.9%). For patients with CC, the most indicated protocol was aBF combined with TNS and rectal balloon training (RBT) (54.7%). CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence of pelvic floor changes in patients with evacuation disorders. There was a high potential for performing pelvic floor physical therapy based on the clinical and manometric findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Parra de Camargo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Divisão de Coloproctologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Foresto Machado
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Divisão de Coloproctologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Rogério Serafim Parra
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Divisão de Coloproctologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Omar FÉres
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Divisão de Coloproctologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - José Joaquim Ribeiro da Rocha
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Divisão de Coloproctologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Marley Ribeiro Feitosa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Divisão de Coloproctologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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15
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The role of tibial nerve stimulation for enhanced postoperative recovery after colorectal surgery: a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Tech Coloproctol 2020; 25:195-203. [PMID: 33001324 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-020-02347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative ileus (POI) is the most common cause of prolonged hospital stay following abdominal surgery, despite an optimized enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of postoperative transcutaneous electrical tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) in the recovery of bowel function and in shortening hospital stay after colonic resection. METHODS Patients having elective laparoscopic colonic surgery within an ERAS program at our institution between June 2016 and June 2019 were enrolled and randomly assigned to a treatment protocol with TTNS or sham electrical stimulation. The primary endpoint was the time of recovery of gastrointestinal motility, measured as the first passage of stool. Secondary endpoints included: first passage of flatus, length of hospital stay, and complication rate related to the use of TTNS. RESULTS One hundred and seventy patients who had right hemicolectomy (median age 71 years (range 43-89 years); 47.5% women) and 170 patients who had left colectomy (median age 67 years range (37-92 years); 41.5% women) were enrolled. The only factor significantly affected by TTNS was time to first passage of flatus after right hemicolectomy (reduced from 46 to 33 h, p = 0.04). However, if only patients with low compliance to early oral nutrition (63 of 340; 18.5%) were considered, a statistically significant difference in time until first flatus (p < 0.01) and first bowel movement (p < 0.0001) and a shorter time until discharge (median 5 vs 7 days) were found in both left and right colectomies groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TTNS may have a positive effect on gastrointestinal tract motility and recovery from POI after colorectal surgery in a selected group, who has low compliance with an ERAS program, without increasing the risk of complications.
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16
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Transcutaneous Neuromodulation at ST36 (Zusanli) is More Effective than Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation in Treating Constipation. J Clin Gastroenterol 2020; 54:536-544. [PMID: 30720579 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND GOALS Combined transcutaneous neuromodulation (TN) at acupoint ST36 (Zusanli) and TN at the posterior tibial nerve (PTN) has been reported effective in treating functional constipation. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of TN between these 2 points. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen functional constipation patients (M/F: 9/9) were recruited to participate in a cross-over study with a 2-week TN at ST36 and a 2-week TN at PTN. A bowel movement diary, and the questionnaires of Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptom (PAC-SYM) and Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QoL) were completed; anorectal manometry and spectral analysis of heart rate variability for assessing the autonomic function were performed. RESULTS (1) Both TN at ST36 and TN at PTN improved constipation-related symptoms (PAC-SYM scores on pre-TN vs. post-TN: 1.4±0.1 vs. 0.6±0.1 for ST36, 1.4±0.1 vs. 0.9±0.1 for PTN, both P≤0.001). (2) TN at ST36, but not TN at PTN, increased the number of weekly spontaneous bowel movements (0.9±0.2 pre-TN vs. 3.5±0.7 post-TN, P<0.001) and decreased the total PAC-QoL score. TN at ST36 was more potent than TN at PTN in improving the PAC-SYM score (decrement 0.8±0.1 vs. 0.5±0.1, P<0.05). (3) TN at ST36 rather than TN at PTN resulted in a reduction in sensation thresholds, including rectal distention for urge (134.1±14.3 mL pre-TN vs. 85.6±6.5 mL post-TN, P<0.01) and maximum tolerance (P<0.05). (4) Both TN at ST36 and TN at PTN significantly increased vagal activity and decreased sympathetic activity (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS TN at ST36 is more potent than TN at PTN in treating constipation and improving constipation-related symptoms and rectal sensation.
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17
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Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on physical symptoms in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. Int J Rehabil Res 2020; 43:62-68. [DOI: 10.1097/mrr.0000000000000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Southwell BR. Electro‐Neuromodulation for Colonic Disorders—Review of Meta‐Analyses, Systematic Reviews, and RCTs. Neuromodulation 2020; 23:1061-1081. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget R. Southwell
- Surgical Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- Department of Urology Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
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19
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Vriesman MH, Koppen IJN, Camilleri M, Di Lorenzo C, Benninga MA. Management of functional constipation in children and adults. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:21-39. [PMID: 31690829 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional constipation is common in children and adults worldwide. Functional constipation shows similarities in children and adults, but important differences also exist regarding epidemiology, symptomatology, pathophysiology, diagnostic workup and therapeutic management. In children, the approach focuses on the behavioural nature of the disorder and the initial therapeutic steps involve toilet training and laxatives. In adults, management focuses on excluding an underlying cause and differentiating between different subtypes of functional constipation - normal transit, slow transit or an evacuation disorder - which has important therapeutic consequences. Treatment of adult functional constipation involves lifestyle interventions, pelvic floor interventions (in the presence of a rectal evacuation disorder) and pharmacological therapy. When conventional treatments fail, children and adults are considered to have intractable functional constipation, a troublesome and distressing condition. Intractable constipation is managed with a stepwise approach and in rare cases requires surgical interventions such as antegrade continence enemas in children or colectomy procedures for adults. New drugs, including prokinetic and prosecretory agents, and surgical strategies, such as sacral nerve stimulation, have the potential to improve the management of children and adults with intractable functional constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana H Vriesman
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Ilan J N Koppen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Camilleri
- C.E.N.T.E.R. Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carlo Di Lorenzo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Gokce AH, Gokce FS. Effects of bilateral transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation on constipation severity in geriatric patients: A prospective clinical study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 20:101-105. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Rego RMP, Machado NC, Carvalho MDA, Graffunder JS, Ortolan EVP, Lourenção PLTDA. Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation in children and adolescents with functional constipation: A protocol for an interventional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17755. [PMID: 31702626 PMCID: PMC6855522 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A vast majority of children with functional constipation respond to the standard medical treatment. However, a subset of patients may present with an unsatisfactory response and only minor improvement of symptoms. Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) involves electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve at the level of the ankle, transcutaneously through electrodes fixated on the overlying skin. Stimulation of the tibial nerve can modulate urinary and defecatory function through the stimulation of sacral nerves. Thus, transcutaneous PTNS can be considered a very promising, noninvasive, and safe method to be used in the pediatric age group. However, there is still no published study that has investigated its use in children for the treatment of intestinal constipation. This is a single-center, prospective, longitudinal, and interventional study designed to assess the applicability and clinical outcomes of transcutaneous PTNS in children with functional intestinal constipation. Children will be submitted to daily sessions of transcutaneous PTNS for a period of 4 weeks. All children will also be invited to participate in semistructured interviews, 1 in each of the 3 assessments: 1 week before the start of the intervention; immediately after the 4 weeks of intervention; and 4 weeks after the end of the intervention period. In these interviews, the aspects related to bowel habits and quality of life will be assessed. This project aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of transcutaneous PTNS in children with functional intestinal constipation and the applicability of this kind of treatment. CONCLUSIONS This protocol intended to demonstrate the efficacy of this promising method to increase the number of bowel movements and the stool consistency, to reduce the number of episodes of retentive fecal incontinence, and to indirectly improve the overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilton Carlos Machado
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, Botucatu
| | - Mary de Assis Carvalho
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, Botucatu
| | | | - Erika Veruska Paiva Ortolan
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Pediatric Surgery Division, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda Lourenção
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Pediatric Surgery Division, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Miller L, Farajidavar A, Vegesna A. Use of Bioelectronics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a034165. [PMID: 30249600 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are major contributing factors to functional GI diseases that account for >40% of patients seen in gastroenterology clinics and affect >20% of the general population. The autonomic and enteric nervous systems and the muscles within the luminal GI tract have key roles in motility. In health, this complex integrated system works seamlessly to transport liquid, solid, and gas through the GI tract. However, major and minor motility disorders occur when these systems fail. Common functional GI motility disorders include dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, postoperative ileus, irritable bowel syndrome, functional diarrhea, functional constipation, and fecal incontinence. Although still in its infancy, bioelectronic therapy in the GI tract holds great promise through the targeted stimulation of nerves and muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Miller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New York, New York 11040
| | - Aydin Farajidavar
- School of Engineering & Computing Sciences, New York Institute of Technology (NYIT), Old Westbury, New York 11568
| | - Anil Vegesna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York 11030
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23
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Venara A, Bougard M, Mucci S, Lemoult A, Le Naoures P, Darsonval A, Barbieux J, Neunlist M, Hamy AP. Perioperative Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation to Reduce Postoperative Ileus After Colorectal Resection: A Pilot Study. Dis Colon Rectum 2018; 61:1080-1088. [PMID: 30086057 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative ileus involves an inflammatory pathway characterized by an increase of inflammation mediators in the colon wall; this could probably be prevented by sacral nerve neuromodulation. The posterior tibial nerve can be stimulated electrically to mimic neuromodulation. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation in reducing the delay in GI motility recovery, to assess the safety of posterior tibial nerve stimulation in a perioperative setting, and to assess the efficacy of posterior tibial nerve stimulation in reducing the occurrence of postoperative ileus. DESIGN This was a preliminary randomized controlled study. SETTINGS This study was conducted in 1 academic hospital in France. PATIENTS Forty patients undergoing an elective colectomy were included and randomly assigned into 2 groups, posterior tibial nerve stimulation or placebo, according to the side of colectomy and the surgical access size. INTERVENTION Perioperative posterior tibial nerve stimulation or placebo was performed 3 times per day according to the randomly assigned group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Delay in GI motility recovery (passage of stool and tolerance of solid food) was measured. RESULTS Of the 40 patients included, 34 were included in the final analysis, in which 2 patients in the placebo group were allocated the incorrect device. The 6 other patients were secondarily excluded because of protocol deviation. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the mean delay in GI motility recovery was 3.6 and 3.11 days (in the placebo and tibial nerve stimulation groups; p = 0.60). Occurrence of postoperative ileus was not significantly higher in the placebo group (35.3% vs 17.6%; p = 0.42). In the per-protocol analysis, we observed the same trends except for the occurrence of postoperative ileus, which was significantly higher in the placebo group (p = 0.045). Tolerance to posterior tibial nerve stimulation was good, and all of the patients completed the protocol. LIMITATIONS The amplitude of stimulation is set according to patient sensation, so some patients could have been aware of their group. In addition there were some inherent limitations because of the preliminary nature of the study and several deviations from the protocol. CONCLUSIONS Posterior tibial nerve stimulation was safe in a perioperative setting and had a potential effect on GI motility recovery. The results of this study will be useful for sample size calculations in a larger prospective randomized trial. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A708.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Bougard
- Department of Visceral and Endocrinal Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.,L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Stéphanie Mucci
- Department of Visceral and Endocrinal Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Annabelle Lemoult
- L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Visceral and Endocrinal Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Paul Le Naoures
- Department of Visceral and Endocrinal Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.,L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Astrid Darsonval
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Angers, Angers, France
| | - Julien Barbieux
- Department of Visceral and Endocrinal Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.,L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1235, University of Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France.,L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine P Hamy
- Department of Visceral and Endocrinal Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France.,L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, University of Angers, Angers, France
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Strijbos D, Keszthelyi D, Masclee AAM, Gilissen LPL. Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy for adults with chronic constipation: Retrospective case series of 12 patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13270. [PMID: 29250849 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy (PEC) is a technique derived from percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. When conservative treatment of chronic obstipation fails, colon irrigation via PEC seems less invasive than surgical interventions. However, previous studies have noted high complication rates of PEC, mostly related to infections. Our aim was to report our experiences with PEC in patients with chronic refractory constipation. METHODS Retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent PEC for refractory constipation in our secondary referral hospital between 2009 and 2016. KEY RESULTS Twelve patients received a PEC for chronic, refractory constipation. Short-term efficacy for relief of constipation symptoms was good in 8 patients and moderate in 4 patients. Two patients had the PEC removed because of spontaneous improvement of constipation. Three patients, who initially noticed a positive effect, preferred an ileostomy over PEC after 1-5 years. One PEC was removed because of an abscess. Long-term efficacy is 50%: 6 patients still use their PEC after 3.3 years of follow-up. No mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERFERENCES PEC offers a technically easily feasible and safe treatment option for patients with chronic constipation not responding to conventional therapy. Long-term efficacy of PEC in our patients is 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Strijbos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A A M Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L P L Gilissen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Home-Based Transcutaneous Neuromodulation Improved Constipation via Modulating Gastrointestinal Hormones and Bile Acids. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2086163. [PMID: 29853946 PMCID: PMC5949156 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2086163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the role of transcutaneous neuromodulation (TN) on the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones and bile acids in patients with functional constipation (FC). Twenty FC patients were treated with TN for four weeks. The effects of TN on symptoms were evaluated by questionnaires. Plasma levels of serotonin (5-HT), motilin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were measured by ELISA and 12 individual bile acids assayed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results were as follows. (1) TN treatment increased the frequency of spontaneous bowel movement, improved the Bristol Stool Score, and reduced Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptom score and Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life score. (2) FC patients showed decreased plasma levels of 5-HT, motilin, and VIP and an increased plasma level of somatostatin (P < 0.05). Four-week TN treatment increased plasma levels of 5-HT and motilin and decreased the plasma level of somatostatin in the FC patients (P < 0.05). (3) Taurocholic deoxycholate, taurocholic acid, and taurocholic lithocholic acid were increased in the FC patients (P < 0.005) but reduced by TN treatment (P < 0.05). This study has suggested that the therapy may improve the symptoms of FC by alleviating the disorders of gastrointestinal hormones and bile acids.
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Yiannakou Y, Tack J, Piessevaux H, Dubois D, Quigley EMM, Ke MY, Da Silva S, Joseph A, Kerstens R. The PAC-SYM questionnaire for chronic constipation: defining the minimal important difference. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:1103-1111. [PMID: 28983926 PMCID: PMC5698746 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaire is frequently used in clinical trials of constipation. However, the threshold for reduction in total PAC-SYM score used to define a clinical response on this 0-4 point scale has not undergone formal appraisal, and its relationship with clinical benefit as perceived by patients has not been defined. AIM To determine the minimal important difference in PAC-SYM score, and the optimum cut-off value for defining responders. METHODS The minimal important difference was estimated using data from six international phase 3/4, double-blind, randomised controlled trials of prucalopride in patients with chronic constipation (NCT01147926, NCT01424228, NCT01116206, NCT00485940, NCT00483886, NCT00488137), with anchor- and distribution-based approaches. Five appropriate patient-reported outcomes were selected as anchors. In addition, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses were used to investigate responder discrimination for each anchor. RESULTS Data from 2884 patients were included. Minimal important difference estimates ranged from -0.52 to -0.63 across the five anchors. Estimates were not affected by study location but were consistently lower for rectal symptoms than for abdominal and stool symptoms. Distribution-based estimates were considerably lower than anchor-based estimates. ROC curve analyses showed optimum cut-off scores for discriminating responders to be similar to anchor-based minimal important difference estimates. CONCLUSIONS Anchor-based methods gave consistent results for the minimal important difference, at approximately -0.6, and this value was close to the ROC-determined optimal cut-off scores for responder discrimination. This value could be considered in clinical practice. A slightly more conservative threshold (eg -0.75) could be used in clinical trials to reduce the placebo response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yiannakou
- County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation TrustDurhamUK
| | - J. Tack
- Translational Research in GastroIntestinal DisordersUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - H. Piessevaux
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - D. Dubois
- PHARMEDUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - E. M. M. Quigley
- Houston Methodist HospitalWeill Cornell Medical CollegeHoustonTXUSA
| | - M. Y. Ke
- Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
| | | | | | - R. Kerstens
- Orion Statistical Consulting BVHilvarenbeekthe Netherlands
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Lu PL. Sacral neuromodulation for constipation and fecal incontinence in children. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.scrs.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are common in clinical settings, including esophageal motility disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, post-operative ileus, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea and constipation. While a number of drugs have been developed for treating GI motility disorders, few are currently available. Emerging electrical stimulation methods may provide new treatment options for these GI motility disorders. Areas covered: This review gives an overview of electrical therapies that have been, and are being developed for GI motility disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, intestinal motility disorders and constipation. Various methods of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation are introduced. A few methods of nerve stimulation have also been described, including spinal cord stimulation and sacral nerve stimulation. Potentials of electrical therapies for obesity are also discussed. PubMed was searched using keywords and their combinations: electrical stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, sacral nerve stimulation, gastrointestinal motility and functional gastrointestinal diseases. Expert commentary: Electrical stimulation is an area of great interest and has potential for treating GI motility disorders. However, further development in technologies (devices suitable for GI stimulation) and extensive clinical research are needed to advance the field and bring electrical therapies to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiande D Z Chen
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.,b Department of Medicine , VA Medical Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Jieyun Yin
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Wei Wei
- c Division of Gastroenterology , Wangjing Hospital of Chinese Medical Academy , Beijing , China
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Minagawa T, Saitou T, Suzuki T, Domen T, Yokoyama H, Ishikawa M, Hirakata S, Nagai T, Nakazawa M, Ogawa T, Ishizuka O. Impact of ao-dake-humi, Japanese traditional bamboo foot stimulator, on lower urinary tract symptoms, constipation and hypersensitivity to cold: a single-arm prospective pilot study. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:513. [PMID: 27938362 PMCID: PMC5148827 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Ao-dake-humi is a traditional Japanese bamboo foot stimulator consisting of a half-pipe-shaped step made of bamboo used to stimulate the foot by stepping on it, and is commonly used to promote general health among the elderly in Japan. However, its efficacy has not been reported in the scientific literature. This study was performed to investigate the role of ao-dake-humi focusing on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), constipation, and hypersensitivity to cold (HC). Methods Participants with LUTS, constipation, or HC were enrolled in this study. Ao-dake-humi was used twice a day for 28 days. Before and 28 days after starting ao-dake-humi use, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality-of-life (QoL) score, and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) were measured to evaluate the efficacy of ao-dake-humi on LUTS. To evaluate the objective efficacy of ao-dake-humi on LUTS, a frequency-volume chart (FVC) was plotted in LUTS patients for 3 days. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the efficacy of ao-dake-humi on constipation (VAS-constipation) and HC (VAS-HC) in the participants with constipation or HC. Results A total of 24 participants were enrolled in this study. Twenty-one participants had LUTS, 11 had constipation, and 17 participants had HC. IPSS, especially storage-subscore, QoL score and OABSS, decreased significantly after use of ao-dake-humi. The use of ao-dake-humi increased maximal bladder capacity, resulting in a significant decrease in urinary frequency as determined from the FVC. In accordance with the results of VAS-constipation and VAS-HC, both constipation and HC were significantly relieved after ao-dake-humi use. Conclusion The results of this prospective pilot study indicated that ao-dake-humi is safe and has therapeutic efficacy in cases of LUTS, constipation and HC. The possibility of using ao-dake-humi as physical neuromodulation therapy was shown in the management of LUTS, constipation and HC. Trial registration UMIN000019333 (UMIN-CTR, Registered October-15-2015) retrospectively registered.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The use of neurostimulation for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders has been growing over the past two to three decades. Our objective is to review current applications of neurostimulation in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders with an emphasis on the use of these treatment modalities in children. RECENT FINDINGS Gastric electrical stimulation can lead to symptomatic improvement in children with chronic nausea and vomiting refractory to conventional treatment, and a recent report of long-term outcomes is encouraging. Sacral nerve stimulation can be effective in the treatment of children with constipation and fecal incontinence refractory to conventional treatment, and patient satisfaction with treatment remains high despite the risk of complications requiring further surgery. Abdominal transcutaneous electrical stimulation and posterior tibial nerve stimulation are noninvasive neurostimulation techniques that may be effective in the treatment of children with constipation and fecal incontinence. SUMMARY Although neurostimulation-based treatments appear promising and offer advantages compared to more invasive surgical treatment options, evidence for their benefit in children remains limited. High-quality studies demonstrating safety and efficacy and a better understanding of the mechanism of each modality are needed before there is more widespread acceptance of neurostimulation in the treatment of children with gastrointestinal disorders.
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