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Rutman AK, Negi S, Gasparrini M, Hasilo CP, Tchervenkov J, Paraskevas S. Immune Response to Extracellular Vesicles From Human Islets of Langerhans in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3834-3847. [PMID: 30307543 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The autoimmune response that characterizes type 1 diabetes (T1D) has no clear cause. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in triggering the immune response in other contexts. Here, we propose a model by which EVs isolated from human islets stimulate proinflammatory immune responses and lead to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activation. We show that human islet EVs are internalized by monocytes and B cells and lead to an increase in T-helper 1, 2, and 17 cytokine expression, as well as T and B cell proliferation. Importantly, we demonstrate memory T and B cell activation by EVs selectively in PBMCs of patients with T1D. Additionally, human islet EVs induce an increase in antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) in T1D PBMCs. Furthermore, pretreatment of T1D PBMCs with ibrutinib, an inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase, dampens EV-induced memory B cell activation and GAD65 antibody production. Collectively, our findings indicate a role for human islet EVs in mediating activation of B and T cells and GAD65 autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa K Rutman
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarita Negi
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marco Gasparrini
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Craig P Hasilo
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean Tchervenkov
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allo- and autoantibodies have been found to play important roles in both acute and chronic allograft rejection in organ transplantation, although only recently have non-human leukocyte antigen (non-HLA), nondonor-specific antibodies been given a more in-depth treatment. This review summarizes recent reports about investigations and proteomic approaches to identify self-antigens and corresponding autoantibodies that are associated with acute and chronic allograft rejection. Finally, we discuss the insights gained from these, challenges, and future prospects. RECENT FINDINGS Significant discoveries have been made regarding the presence and role of autoantibodies and alloantibodies, both those formed pretransplant and posttransplant, in acute and chronic rejection. These discoveries are made possible because of the publication of the human genome and subsequent development in the ability of expression and analysis of human proteome. SUMMARY Antibodies play a critical role in survival and dysfunction of a transplanted kidney. Even though HLA antibodies have been given the majority of the scientific community's attention for the past few decades, antibodies against autoantigens and that of non-HLA origin are gaining attention. Recent publications have identified novel self-antigens that are associated with acute and chronic rejection that have added to our understanding of new players in immune-related transplant rejection.
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Abstract
Islet autoantibodies are the main markers of pancreatic autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Islet autoantibodies recognize insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), protein phosphatase-like IA-2 (IA-2A), and ZnT8 (ZnT8A), all antigens that are found on secretory granules within pancreatic beta cells. Islet antibodies, measured by sensitive and specific liquid phase assays, are the key parameters of the autoimmune response monitored for diagnostics or prognostics in patients with T1D or for disease prediction in at-risk individuals before T1D onset. Islet autoantibodies have been the main tool used to explore the natural history of T1D; this review summarizes the current knowledge about the autoantigens and the phenotype of islets autoantibodies acquired in large prospective studies from birth in children at risk of developing T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Lampasona
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy.
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy.
| | - Daniela Liberati
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
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