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Omole JG, Udom GJ, Aturamu A, Agbana RD, Aziakpono OM, Oritsemuelebi B, Bukke SPN, Okon IA, Yemitan OK. Cardiac glycosides: Looking beyond heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Indian J Pharmacol 2025; 57:33-47. [PMID: 40324829 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_934_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Omole
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Godswill J Udom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Aturamu
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Richard D Agbana
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe-Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Omoirri Moses Aziakpono
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, Kampala International University, Gongolamboto-Dare Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Idara A Okon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Omoniyi K Yemitan
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
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Nik Nabil WN, Dai R, Liu M, Xi Z, Xu H. Repurposing cardiac glycosides for anticancer treatment: a review of clinical studies. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104129. [PMID: 39098384 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs), which are traditionally used for heart disease, show promise for cancer therapy. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive review of clinical studies in this area, and so far, CGs have not been widely integrated into clinical cancer treatment. This review covers clinical studies from the past five years, highlighting the potential of CGs to reduce cancer risk, enhance chemotherapy effectiveness, mitigate chemotherapy-induced side effects and improve quality of life. Future clinical trials should personalize the dosage of CGs, integrate molecular testing and investigate immunogenic cell death induction and the potential of CGs for treating bone cancer and metastasis. Optimizing the repurposing of CGs for anticancer treatment requires consideration of specific CGs, cancer types and concurrent medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Najbah Nik Nabil
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China; National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency, Ministry of Health, Lot 36, Jalan University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor 46200, Malaysia
| | - Rongchen Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengfan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Boujonnier F, Lemaitre F, Scailteux LM. Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Abiraterone, Apalutamide, Darolutamide or Enzalutamide and Antithrombotic Drugs: Prediction of Clinical Events and Review of Pharmacological Information. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:757-767. [PMID: 37126188 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abiraterone, apalutamide, darolutamide and enzalutamide are second-generation hormone therapies used for advanced prostate cancer; the majority of patients receiving these treatments are elderly, poly-medicated patients. Since their first market authorizations, their pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics are increasingly well known. A potential risk of drug-drug interaction (DDI), especially with cardiovascular drugs, needs to be considered. In the case of antithrombotics, treatment imbalance can lead to severe consequences. OBJECTIVES To describe PK profiles of hormone therapies and antithrombotics and to predict DDIs and potentially related clinical events. METHODS PK profiles (CYP450 and P-gp substrate, inducer or inhibitor) are described by cross-referencing data sources (summary of product characteristics, European public assessment reports, PubMed database, Micromedex®, etc.); a description of the potential interactions with anti-cancer drugs for each DDI and related clinical events is provided. We discuss management recommendations, including those set out in international guidelines. RESULTS Antithrombotics are mainly metabolized by CYP 2C9, 2C19 or 3A4. For abiraterone (CYP 2C8, 2D6 inhibitor) and darolutamide (CYP 3A4 inducer), no interaction was identified with antithrombotics. For apalutamide (CYP 2C9, 2C19, 3A4 and P-gp inducer) and enzalutamide (CYP 2C9, 2C19, 3A4 inducer and P-gp inhibitor), several PK interactions were identified with antithrombotics, which could lead to various clinical events (haemorrhage or thromboembolism). CONCLUSION Numerous interactions are expected between enzalutamide or apalutamide and antithrombotics, for which management should be deployed on a case-by-case basis. PK and pharmaco-epidemiological studies could shed light on whether or not there are clinically significant events related to DDIs with antithrombotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Boujonnier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Florian Lemaitre
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
- Department of Clinical and Biological Pharmacology, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Lucie-Marie Scailteux
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
- Pharmacovigilance, Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Information Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France.
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Santamaria F, Roberto M, Buccilli D, Di Civita MA, Giancontieri P, Maltese G, Nicolella F, Torchia A, Scagnoli S, Pisegna S, Barchiesi G, Speranza I, Botticelli A, Santini D. Clinical implications of the Drug-Drug Interaction in Cancer Patients treated with innovative oncological treatments. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104405. [PMID: 38838928 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last two-decades, innovative drugs have revolutionized cancer treatments, demonstrating a significant improvement in overall survival. These drugs may present several pharmacokinetics interactions with non-oncological drugs, and vice versa, and, non-oncological drugs can modify oncological treatment outcome both with pharmacokinetic interaction and with an "off-target impact" on the tumor microenvironment or on the peripheral immune response. It's supposed that the presence of a drug-drug interaction (DDI) is associated with an increased risk of reduced anti-tumor effects or severe toxicities. However, clinical evidence that correlate the DDI presence with outcome are few, and results are difficult to compare because of difference in data collection and heterogeneous population. This review reports all the clinical evidence about DDI to provide an easy-to-use guide for DDI management and dose adjustment in solid tumors treated with inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4-6, Antibody-drug conjugates, Poly ADPribose polymerase inhibitors, androgen-receptor targeted agents, or immunecheckpoints inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Santamaria
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy
| | - Michela Roberto
- Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy.
| | - Dorelsa Buccilli
- Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Anatomy Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Alberto Di Civita
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Anatomy Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Giancontieri
- Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Anatomy Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Maltese
- Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Anatomy Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicolella
- Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Anatomy Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Torchia
- Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy; Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Scagnoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy
| | - Simona Pisegna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy
| | - Giacomo Barchiesi
- Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy
| | - Iolanda Speranza
- Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Anatomy Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Dermatology, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Italy; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Lennep BW, Mack J, Poondru S, Hood E, Looney BD, Williams M, Bianco JJ, Morgans AK. Enzalutamide: Understanding and Managing Drug Interactions to Improve Patient Safety and Drug Efficacy. Drug Saf 2024; 47:617-641. [PMID: 38607520 PMCID: PMC11182822 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-024-01415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Enzalutamide is an oral androgen receptor signaling inhibitor utilized in the treatment of men with prostate cancer. It is a moderate inducer of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, and a strong inducer of CYP3A4. It was also shown to be a mild inhibitor of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein in patients with prostate cancer. Enzalutamide is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2C8. The risk of enzalutamide drug interactions arises primarily when it is coadministered with other drugs that interact with these CYPs, including CYP3A4. In this review, we begin by providing an overview of enzalutamide including its dosing, use in special populations, pharmacokinetics, changes to its prescribing information, and potential for interaction with coadministered drugs. Enzalutamide interactions with drugs from a wide range of medication classes commonly prescribed to patients with prostate cancer are described, including oral androgen deprivation therapy, agents used to treat a range of cardiovascular diseases, antidiabetic drugs, antidepressants, anti-seizure medications, common urology medications, analgesics, proton pump inhibitors, immunosuppressants, and antigout drugs. Enzalutamide interactions with common vitamins and supplements are also briefly discussed. This review provides a resource for healthcare practitioners and patients that will help provide a basis for the understanding and management of enzalutamide drug-drug interactions to inform decision making, improve patient safety, and optimize drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse Mack
- Astellas Pharma Inc., Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Hood
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alicia K Morgans
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 850 Brookline Ave, Dana 09-930, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Otsuka Y, Poondru S, Bonate PL, Rose RH, Jamei M, Ushigome F, Minematsu T. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling to predict drug-drug interaction of enzalutamide with combined P-gp and CYP3A substrates. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2023; 50:365-376. [PMID: 37344637 PMCID: PMC10460728 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-023-09867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Enzalutamide is known to strongly induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Furthermore, enzalutamide showed induction and inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in in vitro studies. A clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) study between enzalutamide and digoxin, a typical P-gp substrate, suggested enzalutamide has weak inhibitory effect on P-gp substrates. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), such as apixaban and rivaroxaban, are dual substrates of CYP3A4 and P-gp, and hence it is recommended to avoid co-administration of these DOACs with combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inducers. Enzalutamide's net effect on P-gp and CYP3A for apixaban and rivaroxaban plasma exposures is of interest to physicians who treat patients for venous thromboembolism with prostate cancer. Accordingly, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) analysis was performed to predict the magnitude of DDI on apixaban and rivaroxaban exposures in the presence of 160 mg once-daily dosing of enzalutamide. The PBPK models of enzalutamide and M2, a major metabolite of enzalutamide which also has potential to induce CYP3A and P-gp and inhibit P-gp, were developed and verified as perpetrators of CYP3A-and P-gp-mediated interaction. Simulation results predicted a 31% decrease in AUC and no change in Cmax for apixaban and a 45% decrease in AUC and a 25% decrease in Cmax for rivaroxaban when 160 mg multiple doses of enzalutamide were co-administered. In summary, enzalutamide is considered to decrease apixaban and rivaroxaban exposure through the combined effects of CYP3A induction and net P-gp inhibition. Concurrent use of these drugs warrants careful monitoring for efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Otsuka
- Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory Development, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1, Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8411, Japan.
| | - Srinivasu Poondru
- Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory Development, Astellas Pharma Global Development Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
| | - Peter L Bonate
- Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory Development, Astellas Pharma Global Development Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Fumihiko Ushigome
- Applied Research and Operations, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
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