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Hernández-Martínez LÁ, Romero-Méndez U, González-Barrios JL, García-De la Peña MC, Amézquita-Torres A. Nuevos registros y prevalencia de Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis en anuros de la cuenca Nazas-Aguanaval en la región norte-centro de México. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Clare FC, Halder JB, Daniel O, Bielby J, Semenov MA, Jombart T, Loyau A, Schmeller DS, Cunningham AA, Rowcliffe M, Garner TWJ, Bosch J, Fisher MC. Climate forcing of an emerging pathogenic fungus across a montane multi-host community. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0454. [PMID: 28080980 PMCID: PMC5095533 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the timings of seasonality as a result of anthropogenic climate change are predicted to occur over the coming decades. While this is expected to have widespread impacts on the dynamics of infectious disease through environmental forcing, empirical data are lacking. Here, we investigated whether seasonality, specifically the timing of spring ice-thaw, affected susceptibility to infection by the emerging pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) across a montane community of amphibians that are suffering declines and extirpations as a consequence of this infection. We found a robust temporal association between the timing of the spring thaw and Bd infection in two host species, where we show that an early onset of spring forced high prevalences of infection. A third highly susceptible species (the midwife toad, Alytes obstetricans) maintained a high prevalence of infection independent of time of spring thaw. Our data show that perennially overwintering midwife toad larvae may act as a year-round reservoir of infection with variation in time of spring thaw determining the extent to which infection spills over into sympatric species. We used future temperature projections based on global climate models to demonstrate that the timing of spring thaw in this region will advance markedly by the 2050s, indicating that climate change will further force the severity of infection. Our findings on the effect of annual variability on multi-host infection dynamics show that the community-level impact of fungal infectious disease on biodiversity will need to be re-evaluated in the face of climate change.This article is part of the themed issue 'Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Clare
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK .,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Julia B Halder
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Olivia Daniel
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, SL5 9PU, UK
| | - Jon Bielby
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Mikhail A Semenov
- Computational and Systems Biology, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Thibaut Jombart
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Adeline Loyau
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT; EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.,Department of Conservation Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of System Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk S Schmeller
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT; EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.,Department of Conservation Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew A Cunningham
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Marcus Rowcliffe
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Trenton W J Garner
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Jaime Bosch
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 2 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew C Fisher
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London W2 1PG, UK
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Ball SE, Bovero S, Sotgiu G, Tessa G, Angelini C, Bielby J, Durrant C, Favelli M, Gazzaniga E, Garner TWJ. Islands within an island: Population genetic structure of the endemic Sardinian newt, Euproctus platycephalus. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1190-1211. [PMID: 28303189 PMCID: PMC5306002 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of historic and contemporary barriers to dispersal is central to the conservation of endangered amphibians, but may be hindered by their complex life history and elusive nature. The complementary information generated by mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite markers generates a valuable tool in elucidating population structure and the impact of habitat fragmentation. We applied this approach to the study of an endangered montane newt, Euproctus platycephalus. Endemic to the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, it is threatened by anthropogenic activity, disease, and climate change. We have demonstrated a clear hierarchy of structure across genetically divergent and spatially distinct subpopulations. Divergence between three main mountain regions dominated genetic partitioning with both markers. Mitochondrial phylogeography revealed a deep division dating to ca. 1 million years ago (Mya), isolating the northern region, and further differentiation between the central and southern regions ca. 0.5 Mya, suggesting an association with Pleistocene severe glacial oscillations. Our findings are consistent with a model of southward range expansion during glacial periods, with postglacial range retraction to montane habitat and subsequent genetic isolation. Microsatellite markers revealed further strong population structure, demonstrating significant divergence within the central region, and partial differentiation within the south. The northern population showed reduced genetic diversity. Discordance between mitochondrial and microsatellite markers at this scale indicated a further complexity of population structure, in keeping with male-biased dispersal and female philopatry. Our study underscores the need to elucidate cryptic population structure in the ecology and conservation strategies for endangered island-restricted amphibians, especially in the context of disease and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Ball
- Institute of ZoologyThe Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - Stefano Bovero
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Giuseppe Sotgiu
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Giulia Tessa
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei SistemiUniversita degli Studi di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Claudio Angelini
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Jon Bielby
- Institute of ZoologyThe Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | | | - Marco Favelli
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Enrico Gazzaniga
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Trenton W. J. Garner
- Institute of ZoologyThe Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
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Courtois EA, Loyau A, Bourgoin M, Schmeller DS. Initiation of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
infection in the absence of physical contact with infected hosts - a field study in a high altitude lake. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie A. Courtois
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA); Univ. de Guyane; CNRS, IFREMER FR-97300 Cayenne France
- Dept of Biology; Univ. of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Adeline Loyau
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Dept of Conservation Biology; Leipzig Germany
- EcoLab; Univ. de Toulouse; CNRS, INPT, UPS Toulouse France
| | - Mégane Bourgoin
- Station d'écologie expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis; Moulis France
| | - Dirk S. Schmeller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Dept of Conservation Biology; Leipzig Germany
- EcoLab; Univ. de Toulouse; CNRS, INPT, UPS Toulouse France
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Wombwell EL, Garner TWJ, Cunningham AA, Quest R, Pritchard S, Rowcliffe JM, Griffiths RA. Detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Amphibians Imported into the UK for the Pet Trade. ECOHEALTH 2016; 13:456-466. [PMID: 27317049 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the global spread of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been facilitated by the international trade in amphibians. Bd was first detected in the UK in 2004, and has since been detected in multiple wild amphibian populations. Most amphibians imported into the UK for the pet trade from outside the European Union enter the country via Heathrow Animal Reception Centre (HARC), where Bd-positive animals have been previously detected. Data on the volume, diversity and origin of imported amphibians were collected for 59 consignments arriving at HARC between November 2009 and June 2012, along with a surveillance study to investigate the prevalence of Bd in these animals. Forty-three amphibian genera were recorded, originating from 12 countries. It was estimated that 5000-7000 amphibians are imported through HARC into the UK annually for the pet trade. Bd was detected in consignments from the USA and Tanzania, in six genera, resulting in an overall prevalence of 3.6%. This suggests that imported amphibians are a source of Bd within the international pet trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Louise Wombwell
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, UK.
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
| | - Trenton W J Garner
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, UK
| | - Andrew A Cunningham
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, UK
| | - Robert Quest
- Heathrow Animal Reception Centre, City of London Corporation, Animal Health and Welfare Services, London, UK
| | - Susie Pritchard
- Heathrow Animal Reception Centre, City of London Corporation, Animal Health and Welfare Services, London, UK
| | - J Marcus Rowcliffe
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, UK
| | - Richard A Griffiths
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
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Fasola E, Ribeiro R, Lopes I. Microevolution due to pollution in amphibians: A review on the genetic erosion hypothesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 204:181-190. [PMID: 25969378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The loss of genetic diversity, due to exposure to chemical contamination (genetic erosion), is a major threat to population viability. Genetic erosion is the loss of genetic variation: the loss of alleles determining the value of a specific trait or set of traits. Almost a third of the known amphibian species is considered to be endangered and a decrease of genetic variability can push them to the verge of extinction. This review indicates that loss of genetic variation due to chemical contamination has effects on: 1) fitness, 2) environmental plasticity, 3) co-tolerance mechanisms, 4) trade-off mechanisms, and 5) tolerance to pathogens in amphibian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fasola
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - R Ribeiro
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I Lopes
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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