1
|
Yamazaki R, Ushiyama J. Head movements induced by voluntary neck flexion stabilize sensorimotor synchronization of the finger to syncopated auditory rhythms. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1335050. [PMID: 38903467 PMCID: PMC11188995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1335050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Head movements that are synchronized with musical rhythms often emerge during musical activities, such as hip hop dance. Although such movements are known to affect the meter and pulse perception of complex auditory rhythms, no studies have investigated their contribution to the performance of sensorimotor synchronization (SMS). In the present study, participants listened to syncopated auditory rhythms and flexed their dominant hand index finger in time with the perceived pulses (4/4 meters). In the first experiment (Exp. 1), the participants moved their heads via voluntary neck flexion to the pulses in parallel with finger SMS (Nodding condition, ND). This performance was compared with finger SMS without nodding (Without Nodding condition, WN). In the second experiment (Exp. 2), we investigated the specificity of the effect of head SMS on finger SMS confirmed in Exp. 1 by asking participants to flex their bilateral index fingers to the pulses (Bimanual condition, BM). We compared the performance of dominant hand finger SMS between the BM and ND conditions. In Exp. 1, we found that dominant hand finger SMS was significantly more stable (smaller standard deviation of asynchrony) in the ND versus WN condition (p < 0.001). In Exp. 2, dominant hand finger SMS was significantly more accurate (smaller absolute value of asynchrony) in the ND versus BM condition (p = 0.037). In addition, the stability of dominant hand finger SMS was significantly correlated with the index of phase locking between the pulses and head SMS across participants in the ND condition (r = -0.85, p < 0.001). In contrast, the stability of dominant hand finger SMS was not significantly correlated with the index of phase locking between pulses and non-dominant hand finger SMS in the BM condition (r = -0.25, p = 0.86 after multiple comparison correction). These findings suggest that SMS modulation depends on the motor effectors simultaneously involved in synchronization: simultaneous head SMS stabilizes the timing of dominant hand finger SMS, while simultaneous non-dominant hand finger SMS deteriorates the timing accuracy of dominant hand finger SMS. The present study emphasizes the unique and crucial role of head movements in rhythmic behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichiro Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Ushiyama
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Russo S, Carnovalini F, Calignano G, Arfé B, Rodà A, Valenza E. Linking vestibular, tactile, and somatosensory rhythm perception to language development in infancy. Cognition 2024; 243:105688. [PMID: 38101080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
First experiences with rhythm occur in the womb, with different rhythmic sources being available to the human fetus. Among sensory modalities, vestibular, tactile, and somatosensory perception plays a crucial role in early processing. However, a limited number of studies so far have specifically focused on VTS rhythms in language development. The present work investigated VTS rhythmic abilities and their role in language acquisition through two experiments with 45 infants (21 females, sex assigned at birth; M age = 661.6 days, SD = 192.6) with middle/high socioeconomic status. Specifically, 37 infants from the original sample completed Experiment 1, assessing VTS rhythmic abilities through a vibrotactile tool for music perception. In Experiment 2, linguistic abilities were evaluated in 40 participants from the same cohort, specifically testing phonological and prosodic processing. Discrimination abilities for rhythmic and linguistic stimuli were inferred from changes in pupil diameter to contingent visual stimuli over time, through a Tobii X-60 eye-tracker. The predictive effect of VTS rhythmic abilities on linguistic processing and the developmental changes occurring across ages were explored in the 32 infants who completed both Experiments 1 and 2 by means of generalized, additive and linear, mixed-effect models. Results are discussed in terms of cross-sensory (i.e., haptic to hearing) and cross-domain (i.e., music to language) effects of rhythm on language acquisition, with implications for typical and atypical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Russo
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| | - Filippo Carnovalini
- Department of Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Calignano
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| | - Barbara Arfé
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| | - Antonio Rodà
- Department of Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| | - Eloisa Valenza
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Charalambous E, Djebbara Z. On natural attunement: Shared rhythms between the brain and the environment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105438. [PMID: 37898445 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Rhythms exist both in the embodied brain and the built environment. Becoming attuned to the rhythms of the environment, such as repetitive columns, can greatly affect perception. Here, we explore how the built environment affects human cognition and behavior through the concept of natural attunement, often resulting from the coordination of a person's sensory and motor systems with the rhythmic elements of the environment. We argue that the built environment should not be reduced to mere states, representations, and single variables but instead be considered a bundle of highly related continuous signals with which we can resonate. Resonance and entrainment are dynamic processes observed when intrinsic frequencies of the oscillatory brain are influenced by the oscillations of an external signal. This allows visual rhythmic stimulations of the environment to affect the brain and body through neural entrainment, cross-frequency coupling, and phase resetting. We review how real-world architectural settings can affect neural dynamics, cognitive processes, and behavior in people, suggesting the crucial role of everyday rhythms in the brain-body-environment relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zakaria Djebbara
- Aalborg University, Department of Architecture, Design, Media, and Technology, Denmark; Technical University of Berlin, Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lenc T, Peter V, Hooper C, Keller PE, Burnham D, Nozaradan S. Infants show enhanced neural responses to musical meter frequencies beyond low-level features. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13353. [PMID: 36415027 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Music listening often entails spontaneous perception and body movement to a periodic pulse-like meter. There is increasing evidence that this cross-cultural ability relates to neural processes that selectively enhance metric periodicities, even when these periodicities are not prominent in the acoustic stimulus. However, whether these neural processes emerge early in development remains largely unknown. Here, we recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) of 20 healthy 5- to 6-month-old infants, while they were exposed to two rhythms known to induce the perception of meter consistently across Western adults. One rhythm contained prominent acoustic periodicities corresponding to the meter, whereas the other rhythm did not. Infants showed significantly enhanced representations of meter periodicities in their EEG responses to both rhythms. This effect is unlikely to reflect the tracking of salient acoustic features in the stimulus, as it was observed irrespective of the prominence of meter periodicities in the audio signals. Moreover, as previously observed in adults, the neural enhancement of meter was greater when the rhythm was delivered by low-pitched sounds. Together, these findings indicate that the endogenous enhancement of metric periodicities beyond low-level acoustic features is a neural property that is already present soon after birth. These high-level neural processes could set the stage for internal representations of musical meter that are critical for human movement coordination during rhythmic musical behavior. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: 5- to 6-month-old infants were presented with auditory rhythms that induce the perception of a periodic pulse-like meter in adults. Infants showed selective enhancement of EEG activity at meter-related frequencies irrespective of the prominence of these frequencies in the stimulus. Responses at meter-related frequencies were boosted when the rhythm was conveyed by bass sounds. High-level neural processes that transform rhythmic auditory stimuli into internal meter templates emerge early after birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Lenc
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Varghese Peter
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caitlin Hooper
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter E Keller
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Music in the Brain & Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Denis Burnham
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sylvie Nozaradan
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Large EW, Roman I, Kim JC, Cannon J, Pazdera JK, Trainor LJ, Rinzel J, Bose A. Dynamic models for musical rhythm perception and coordination. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 17:1151895. [PMID: 37265781 PMCID: PMC10229831 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.1151895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmicity permeates large parts of human experience. Humans generate various motor and brain rhythms spanning a range of frequencies. We also experience and synchronize to externally imposed rhythmicity, for example from music and song or from the 24-h light-dark cycles of the sun. In the context of music, humans have the ability to perceive, generate, and anticipate rhythmic structures, for example, "the beat." Experimental and behavioral studies offer clues about the biophysical and neural mechanisms that underlie our rhythmic abilities, and about different brain areas that are involved but many open questions remain. In this paper, we review several theoretical and computational approaches, each centered at different levels of description, that address specific aspects of musical rhythmic generation, perception, attention, perception-action coordination, and learning. We survey methods and results from applications of dynamical systems theory, neuro-mechanistic modeling, and Bayesian inference. Some frameworks rely on synchronization of intrinsic brain rhythms that span the relevant frequency range; some formulations involve real-time adaptation schemes for error-correction to align the phase and frequency of a dedicated circuit; others involve learning and dynamically adjusting expectations to make rhythm tracking predictions. Each of the approaches, while initially designed to answer specific questions, offers the possibility of being integrated into a larger framework that provides insights into our ability to perceive and generate rhythmic patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward W. Large
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Iran Roman
- Music and Audio Research Laboratory, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ji Chul Kim
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Jonathan Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jesse K. Pazdera
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Laurel J. Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John Rinzel
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amitabha Bose
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tichko P, Page N, Kim JC, Large EW, Loui P. Neural Entrainment to Musical Pulse in Naturalistic Music Is Preserved in Aging: Implications for Music-Based Interventions. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121676. [PMID: 36552136 PMCID: PMC9775503 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural entrainment to musical rhythm is thought to underlie the perception and production of music. In aging populations, the strength of neural entrainment to rhythm has been found to be attenuated, particularly during attentive listening to auditory streams. However, previous studies on neural entrainment to rhythm and aging have often employed artificial auditory rhythms or limited pieces of recorded, naturalistic music, failing to account for the diversity of rhythmic structures found in natural music. As part of larger project assessing a novel music-based intervention for healthy aging, we investigated neural entrainment to musical rhythms in the electroencephalogram (EEG) while participants listened to self-selected musical recordings across a sample of younger and older adults. We specifically measured neural entrainment to the level of musical pulse-quantified here as the phase-locking value (PLV)-after normalizing the PLVs to each musical recording's detected pulse frequency. As predicted, we observed strong neural phase-locking to musical pulse, and to the sub-harmonic and harmonic levels of musical meter. Overall, PLVs were not significantly different between older and younger adults. This preserved neural entrainment to musical pulse and rhythm could support the design of music-based interventions that aim to modulate endogenous brain activity via self-selected music for healthy cognitive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker Tichko
- Department of Music, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole Page
- Department of Music, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ji Chul Kim
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Edward W. Large
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Psyche Loui
- Department of Music, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Laroche J, Tomassini A, Volpe G, Camurri A, Fadiga L, D’Ausilio A. Interpersonal sensorimotor communication shapes intrapersonal coordination in a musical ensemble. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:899676. [PMID: 36248684 PMCID: PMC9556642 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.899676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Social behaviors rely on the coordination of multiple effectors within one's own body as well as between the interacting bodies. However, little is known about how coupling at the interpersonal level impacts coordination among body parts at the intrapersonal level, especially in ecological, complex, situations. Here, we perturbed interpersonal sensorimotor communication in violin players of an orchestra and investigated how this impacted musicians' intrapersonal movements coordination. More precisely, first section violinists were asked to turn their back to the conductor and to face the second section of violinists, who still faced the conductor. Motion capture of head and bow kinematics showed that altering the usual interpersonal coupling scheme increased intrapersonal coordination. Our perturbation also induced smaller yet more complex head movements, which spanned multiple, faster timescales that closely matched the metrical levels of the musical score. Importantly, perturbation differentially increased intrapersonal coordination across these timescales. We interpret this behavioral shift as a sensorimotor strategy that exploits periodical movements to effectively tune sensory processing in time and allows coping with the disruption in the interpersonal coupling scheme. As such, head movements, which are usually deemed to fulfill communicative functions, may possibly be adapted to help regulate own performance in time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Laroche
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Italian Institute of Technology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Tomassini
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Italian Institute of Technology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Volpe
- Casa Paganini – InfoMus Research Centre, Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Camurri
- Casa Paganini – InfoMus Research Centre, Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Italian Institute of Technology, Ferrara, Italy
- Sezione di Fisiologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro D’Ausilio
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Italian Institute of Technology, Ferrara, Italy
- Sezione di Fisiologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fritzsch B, Elliott KL, Yamoah EN. Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:913480. [PMID: 36213204 PMCID: PMC9539932 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.913480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory, taste, vestibular, and auditory information is first processed in the brainstem. From the brainstem, the respective information is relayed to specific regions within the cortex, where these inputs are further processed and integrated with other sensory systems to provide a comprehensive sensory experience. We provide the organization, genetics, and various neuronal connections of four sensory systems: trigeminal, taste, vestibular, and auditory systems. The development of trigeminal fibers is comparable to many sensory systems, for they project mostly contralaterally from the brainstem or spinal cord to the telencephalon. Taste bud information is primarily projected ipsilaterally through the thalamus to reach the insula. The vestibular fibers develop bilateral connections that eventually reach multiple areas of the cortex to provide a complex map. The auditory fibers project in a tonotopic contour to the auditory cortex. The spatial and tonotopic organization of trigeminal and auditory neuron projections are distinct from the taste and vestibular systems. The individual sensory projections within the cortex provide multi-sensory integration in the telencephalon that depends on context-dependent tertiary connections to integrate other cortical sensory systems across the four modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bernd Fritzsch,
| | - Karen L. Elliott
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ebenezer N. Yamoah
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Palmer C, Demos AP. Are We in Time? How Predictive Coding and Dynamical Systems Explain Musical Synchrony. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 31:147-153. [PMID: 35400858 PMCID: PMC8988459 DOI: 10.1177/09637214211053635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Humans tend to anticipate events when they synchronize their actions with sound (such as when they clap to music), which has puzzled scientists for decades. What accounts for this anticipation? We review two theoretical mechanisms for synchrony: predictive coding and dynamical systems. Both theories are grounded in neural activation patterns, but there are important distinctions. We contrast their assumptions, their computations, and their musical applications to anticipatory synchronization.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tichko P, Kim JC, Large EW. A Dynamical, Radically Embodied, and Ecological Theory of Rhythm Development. Front Psychol 2022; 13:653696. [PMID: 35282203 PMCID: PMC8907845 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.653696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Musical rhythm abilities-the perception of and coordinated action to the rhythmic structure of music-undergo remarkable change over human development. In the current paper, we introduce a theoretical framework for modeling the development of musical rhythm. The framework, based on Neural Resonance Theory (NRT), explains rhythm development in terms of resonance and attunement, which are formalized using a general theory that includes non-linear resonance and Hebbian plasticity. First, we review the developmental literature on musical rhythm, highlighting several developmental processes related to rhythm perception and action. Next, we offer an exposition of Neural Resonance Theory and argue that elements of the theory are consistent with dynamical, radically embodied (i.e., non-representational) and ecological approaches to cognition and development. We then discuss how dynamical models, implemented as self-organizing networks of neural oscillations with Hebbian plasticity, predict key features of music development. We conclude by illustrating how the notions of dynamical embodiment, resonance, and attunement provide a conceptual language for characterizing musical rhythm development, and, when formalized in physiologically informed dynamical models, provide a theoretical framework for generating testable empirical predictions about musical rhythm development, such as the kinds of native and non-native rhythmic structures infants and children can learn, steady-state evoked potentials to native and non-native musical rhythms, and the effects of short-term (e.g., infant bouncing, infant music classes), long-term (e.g., perceptual narrowing to musical rhythm), and very-long term (e.g., music enculturation, musical training) learning on music perception-action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker Tichko
- Department of Music, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ji Chul Kim
- Perception, Action, Cognition (PAC) Division, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Edward W. Large
- Perception, Action, Cognition (PAC) Division, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
- Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action (CESPA), Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|