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Uno K, Koike T, Hatta W, Saito M, Tanabe M, Masamune A. Development of Advanced Imaging and Molecular Imaging for Barrett's Neoplasia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2437. [PMID: 36292126 PMCID: PMC9600913 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett esophagus (BE) is a precursor to a life-threatening esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Surveillance endoscopy with random biopsies is recommended for early intervention against EAC, but its adherence in the clinical setting is poor. Dysplastic lesions with flat architecture and patchy distribution in BE are hardly detected by high-resolution endoscopy, and the surveillance protocol entails issues of time and labor and suboptimal interobserver agreement for diagnosing dysplasia. Therefore, the development of advanced imaging technologies is necessary for Barrett's surveillance. Recently, non-endoscopic or endoscopic technologies, such as cytosponge, endocytoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy, autofluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography/volumetric laser endomicroscopy, were developed, but most of them are not clinically available due to the limited view field, expense of the equipment, and significant time for the learning curve. Another strategy is focused on the development of molecular biomarkers, which are also not ready to use. However, a combination of advanced imaging techniques together with specific biomarkers is expected to identify morphological abnormalities and biological disorders at an early stage in the surveillance. Here, we review recent developments in advanced imaging and molecular imaging for Barrett's neoplasia. Further developments in multiple biomarker panels specific for Barrett's HGD/EAC include wide-field imaging systems for targeting 'red flags', a high-resolution imaging system for optical biopsy, and a computer-aided diagnosis system with artificial intelligence, all of which enable a real-time and accurate diagnosis of dysplastic BE in Barrett's surveillance and provide information for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Uno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 981-8574, Japan
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2
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Mann R, Gajendran M, Perisetti A, Goyal H, Saligram S, Umapathy C. Advanced Endoscopic Imaging and Interventions in GERD: An Update and Future Directions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:728696. [PMID: 34912815 PMCID: PMC8666712 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.728696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases encountered in primary care and gastroenterology clinics. Most cases of GERD can be diagnosed based on clinical presentation and risk factors; however, some patients present with atypical symptoms, which can make diagnosis difficult. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy can be used to assist in diagnosis of GERD, though only half of these patients have visible endoscopic findings on standard white light endoscopy. This led to the development of new advanced endoscopic techniques that enhanced the diagnosis of GERD and related complications like squamous cell dysplasia, Barrett's esophagus, and early esophageal adenocarcinoma. This is conducted by improved detection of subtle irregularities in the mucosa and vascular structures through optical biopsies in real-time. Management of GERD includes lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, endoscopic and surgical intervention. Minimally invasive endoscopic intervention can be an option in selected patients with small hiatal hernia and without complications of GERD. These endoscopic interventions include endoscopic fundoplication, endoscopic mucosal resection techniques, ablative techniques, creating mechanical barriers, and suturing and stapling devices. As these new advanced endoscopic techniques are emerging, data surrounding the indications, advantages and disadvantages of these techniques need a thorough understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupinder Mann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Agnes Medical Center, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Mahesh Gajendran
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Abhilash Perisetti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Endoscopy, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Hemant Goyal
- The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - Shreyas Saligram
- Division of Gastroenterology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Chandraprakash Umapathy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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3
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Waterhouse DJ, Fitzpatrick CRM, Pogue BW, O'Connor JPB, Bohndiek SE. A roadmap for the clinical implementation of optical-imaging biomarkers. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:339-353. [PMID: 31036890 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical workflows for the non-invasive detection and characterization of disease states could benefit from optical-imaging biomarkers. In this Perspective, we discuss opportunities and challenges towards the clinical implementation of optical-imaging biomarkers for the early detection of cancer by analysing two case studies: the assessment of skin lesions in primary care, and the surveillance of patients with Barrett's oesophagus in specialist care. We stress the importance of technical and biological validations and clinical-utility assessments, and the need to address implementation bottlenecks. In addition, we define a translational roadmap for the widespread clinical implementation of optical-imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J Waterhouse
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine R M Fitzpatrick
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Jiang Y, Gong Y, Rubenstein JH, Wang TD, Seibel EJ. Toward real-time quantification of fluorescence molecular probes using target/background ratio for guiding biopsy and endoscopic therapy of esophageal neoplasia. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2017; 4:024502. [PMID: 28560244 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.4.2.024502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal endoscopy using fluorescence molecular probes is a promising method of surveying the entire esophagus to detect cancer progression. Using the fluorescence ratio of a target compared to a surrounding background, a quantitative value is diagnostic for progression from Barrett's esophagus to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, current quantification of fluorescent images is done only after the endoscopic procedure. We developed a Chan-Vese-based algorithm to segment fluorescence targets, and subsequent morphological operations to generate background, thus calculating target/background (T/B) ratios, potentially to provide real-time guidance for biopsy and endoscopic therapy. With an initial processing speed of 2 fps and by calculating the T/B ratio for each frame, our method provides quasireal-time quantification of the molecular probe labeling to the endoscopist. Furthermore, an automatic computer-aided diagnosis algorithm can be applied to the recorded endoscopic video, and the overall T/B ratio is calculated for each patient. The receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to determine the threshold for classification of HGD/EAC using leave-one-out cross-validation. With 92% sensitivity and 75% specificity to classify HGD/EAC, our automatic algorithm shows promising results for a surveillance procedure to help manage esophageal cancer and other cancers inspected by endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Human Photonics Lab, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Yuanzheng Gong
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Human Photonics Lab, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Joel H Rubenstein
- University of Michigan, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.,Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Thomas D Wang
- University of Michigan, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Eric J Seibel
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Human Photonics Lab, Seattle, Washington, United States
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5
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Waterhouse DJ, Joseph J, Neves AA, di Pietro M, Brindle KM, Fitzgerald RC, Bohndiek SE. Design and validation of a near-infrared fluorescence endoscope for detection of early esophageal malignancy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:84001. [PMID: 27490221 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.8.084001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Barrett’s esophagus is a known precursor lesion to esophageal adenocarcinoma. In these patients, early detection of premalignant disease, known as dysplasia, allows curative minimally invasive endoscopic therapy, but is confounded by a lack of contrast in white light endoscopy. Imaging fluorescently labeled lectins applied topically to the tissue has the potential to more accurately delineate dysplasia, but tissue autofluorescence limits both sensitivity and contrast when operating in the visible region. To overcome this challenge, we synthesized near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-IR800CW) and constructed a clinically translatable bimodal NIR and white light endoscope. Images of NIR and white light with a field of view of 63 deg and an image resolution of 182 μm are coregistered and the honeycomb artifact arising from the fiber bundle is removed. A minimum detectable concentration of 110 nM was determined using a dilution series of WGA-IR800CW. We demonstrated ex vivo that this system can distinguish between gastric and squamous tissue types in mouse stomachs (p=0.0005) and accurately detect WGA-IR800CW fluorescence in human esophageal resections (compared with a gold standard imaging system, rs>0.90). Based on these findings, future work will optimize the bimodal endoscopic system for clinical trials in Barrett’s surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J Waterhouse
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United KingdombUniversity of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - James Joseph
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United KingdombUniversity of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - André A Neves
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano di Pietro
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United KingdomdUniversity of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United KingdombUniversity of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
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6
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Luo X, Guo XX, Wang WF, Peng LH, Yang YS, Uedo N. Autofluorescence imaging endoscopy can distinguish non-erosive reflux disease from functional heartburn: A pilot study. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3845-3851. [PMID: 27076770 PMCID: PMC4814748 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i14.3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether autofluorescence imaging (AFI) endoscopy can distinguish non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) from functional heartburn (FH).
METHODS: In this prospective observational trial, 127 patients presenting with typical reflux symptoms for > 6 mo were screened. All the participants underwent endoscopy, during which white light imaging (WLI) was followed by AFI. Finally 84 patients with normal esophageal appearance on WLI were enrolled. It was defined as being suggestive of NERD if one or more longitudinal purple lines longer than one centimeter were visualized in the distal part of the esophagus during AFI endoscopy. Ambulatory 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring was also performed. After standard proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) tests, subjects were divided into an NERD group and an FH group and the diagnostic performance of AFI endoscopy to differentiate NERD from FH was evaluated.
RESULTS: Of 84 endoscopy-negative patients, 36 (42.9%) had a normal pH/impedance test. Of these, 26 patients with favorable responses to PPI tests were classified as having NERD. Finally 10 patients were diagnosed with FH and the others with NERD. Altogether, 68 (81.0%) of the 84 patients were positive on AFI endoscopy. In the NERD group, there were 67 (90.5%) patients with abnormal esophageal findings on AFI endoscopy while only 1 (10%) patient was positive on AFI endoscopy in the FH group. The sensitivity and specificity of AFI in differentiating NERD from FH were 90.5% (95%CI: 81.5%-96.1%) and 90.0% (95%CI: 55.5%-99.7%), respectively. Meanwhile, the accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of AFI in differentiating between NERD and FH were 90.5% (95%CI: 84.2%-96.8%), 98.5% (95%CI: 92.1%-99.9%) and 56.3% (95%CI: 30.0%-80.2%), respectively.
CONCLUSION: Autofluorescence imaging may serve as a complementary method in evaluating patients with NERD and FH.
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7
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Swager AF, Curvers WL, Bergman JJ. Diagnosis by Endoscopy and Advanced Imaging of Barrett's Neoplasia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 908:81-98. [PMID: 27573768 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41388-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) using dye-based chromoendoscopy, optical chromoendoscopy, autofluorescence imaging, or confocal laser endomicroscopy does not significantly increase the number of patients with a diagnosis of early neoplasia compared with high-definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) with random biopsy analysis. These newer imaging techniques are not more effective in standard surveillance of patients with BE because the prevalence of early neoplasia is low and HD-WLE with random biopsy analysis detects most cases of neoplasia. The evaluation and treatment of patients with BE and early stage neoplasia should be centralized in tertiary referral centers, where procedures are performed under optimal conditions, by expert endoscopists. Lesions that require resection are almost always detected by HD-WLE, although advanced imaging techniques can detect additional flat lesions. However, these are of limited clinical significance because they are effectively eradicated by ablation therapy. No endoscopic imaging technique can reliably assess submucosal or lymphangio invasion. Endoscopic resection of early stage neoplasia in patients with BE is important for staging and management. Optical chromoendoscopy can also be used to evaluate lesions before endoscopic resection and in follow-up after successful ablation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Fré Swager
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Room B1-245, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L Curvers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, Eindhoven, 5623 EJ, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques J Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Room B1-245, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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8
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Sharma N, Srivastava S, Kern F, Xian W, Ming T, McKeon F, Ho KY. Endoscopic modalities for the diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus. United European Gastroenterol J 2015; 4:733-740. [PMID: 28408990 DOI: 10.1177/2050640615619281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's oesophagus is a pre-malignant condition associated with the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Currently white light endoscopy and biopsy is the mainstay diagnostic tool. Yet this approach is troubled by issues related to cumbersome biopsy sampling, biopsy sampling errors and cost. Therefore in order to overcome such adversity, there needs to be evolutionary advancement in terms of diagnosis, which should address these concerns and ideally enhance risk stratification in order to provide timely management in real time. This review highlights the current endoscopic tools aimed to enhance the diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus and its subsequent progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wa Xian
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA, MultiClonal Therapeutics, Inc., Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Teh Ming
- National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Frank McKeon
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA, MultiClonal Therapeutics, Inc., Farmington, CT, USA
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9
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Fluorescence characteristics of human Barrett tissue specimens grafted on chick chorioallantoic membrane. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 31:137-44. [PMID: 26637303 PMCID: PMC4701780 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To improve (pre)malignant lesion identification in Barrett’s esophagus (BE), recent research focuses on new developments in fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy to enhance tissue contrast. Our aim was to validate the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model as a preclinical tool to study the fluorescence characteristics such as autofluorescence and exogenously induced fluorescence of human Barrett’s tissue. Therefore, esophageal biopsy specimens from Barrett’s patients were freshly grafted onto the CAM of fertilized hen’s eggs to simulate the in vivo situation. The BE biopsy specimens stayed between 1 and 9 days on the CAM to study the persistence of vitality. Fluorescence spectroscopy was performed using six excitation wavelengths (369, 395, 400, 405, 410, 416 nm). Obtained autofluorescence spectra were compared with in vivo spectra of an earlier study. Exogenous administration of 5-aminolevulinic-acid to the biopsy specimens was followed by fluorescence spectroscopy at several time points. Afterwards, the biopsy specimens were harvested and histologically evaluated. In total, 128 biopsy specimens obtained from 34 patients were grafted on the CAM. Biopsy specimens which stayed on average 1.7 days on the CAM were still vital. Autofluorescence spectra of the specimens correlated well with in vivo spectra. Administered 5-aminolevulinic-acid to the biopsy specimens showed conversion into protoporphyrin-IX. In conclusion, we showed that grafting freshly collected human BE biopsy specimens on the CAM is feasible. Our results suggest that the CAM model might be used to study the fluorescence behavior of human tissue specimens. Therefore, the CAM model might be a preclinical research tool for new photosensitizers.
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10
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Sturm MB, Wang TD. Emerging optical methods for surveillance of Barrett's oesophagus. Gut 2015; 64:1816-23. [PMID: 25975605 PMCID: PMC5019028 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rapid rise in incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has motivated the need for improved methods for surveillance of Barrett's oesophagus. Early neoplasia is flat in morphology and patchy in distribution and is difficult to detect with conventional white light endoscopy (WLE). Light offers numerous advantages for rapidly visualising the oesophagus, and advanced optical methods are being developed for wide-field and cross-sectional imaging to guide tissue biopsy and stage early neoplasia, respectively. We review key features of these promising methods and address their potential to improve detection of Barrett's neoplasia. The clinical performance of key advanced imaging technologies is reviewed, including (1) wide-field methods, such as high-definition WLE, chromoendoscopy, narrow-band imaging, autofluorescence and trimodal imaging and (2) cross-sectional techniques, such as optical coherence tomography, optical frequency domain imaging and confocal laser endomicroscopy. Some of these instruments are being adapted for molecular imaging to detect specific biological targets that are overexpressed in Barrett's neoplasia. Gene expression profiles are being used to identify early targets that appear before morphological changes can be visualised with white light. These targets are detected in vivo using exogenous probes, such as lectins, peptides, antibodies, affibodies and activatable enzymes that are labelled with fluorescence dyes to produce high contrast images. This emerging approach has potential to provide a 'red flag' to identify regions of premalignant mucosa, outline disease margins and guide therapy based on the underlying molecular mechanisms of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Sturm
- Division of Gastroenterology Departments of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas D Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology Departments of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Qiao Z, Perestrelo R, Reyes-Gallardo EM, Lucena R, Cárdenas S, Rodrigues J, Câmara JS. Octadecyl functionalized core-shell magnetic silica nanoparticle as a powerful nanocomposite sorbent to extract urinary volatile organic metabolites. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1393:18-25. [PMID: 25818559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with octadecyl groups (Fe3O4@SiO2-C18 NPs) were synthesized, characterized and employed, for the first time, as powerful nanosorbent to extract endogenous volatile organic metabolites (EVOMs) namely, hexanal, heptanal, decanal, benzaldehyde, 4-heptanone, 5-methyl-2-furfural and phenol, described as potential biomarkers of cancer, from human urine. By using co-precipitation, surface modification methods, the carbon-ferromagnetic nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectrum (IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By coupling with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-qMS), a reliable, sensitive and cost-effective method was validated. To test the extraction efficiency of the carbon-ferromagnetic nanocomposite toward urinary EVOMs experimental variables affecting the extraction performance, including nanosorbent amount, adsorption time, elution time, and nature of elution solvent, were investigated in detail. The extraction process was performed by dispersing Fe3O4@SiO2-C18 NPs into working solution containing targeted VOMs, and into urine samples, and then eluted with an adequate organic solvent. The eluate was collected, concentrated and analyzed by GC-qMS. Under the optimized conditions, the LODs and LOQs achieved were in the range of 9.7-57.3 and 32.4-190.9ng/mL, respectively. Calibration curves were linear (r(2)≥0. 988) over the concentration ranges from 0.25 to 250ng/mL. In addition, a satisfying reproducibility was achieved by evaluating the intra- and inter-day precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 3 and 11%, respectively. The method also afforded satisfactory results in terms of the matrix effect (72.8-96.1%) and recoveries (accuracy) higher than 75.1% for most of the studied EVOMs. The Fe3O4@SiO2-C18 NPs-based sorbent extraction combined with GC-qMS revealed that the new nanosorbent had a strong ability to retain the target metabolites providing a new, reliable and high throughput strategy for isolation of targeted EVOMs in human urine, suggesting their potential to be applied in other EVOMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qiao
- CQM, Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM, Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Emilia M Reyes-Gallardo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Lucena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - S Cárdenas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Building, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM, Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM, Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal.
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12
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Swager A, Curvers WL, Bergman JJ. Diagnosis by endoscopy and advanced imaging. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 29:97-111. [PMID: 25743459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of patients with Barrett's oesophagus (BO) using dye-based chromoendoscopy, optical chromoendoscopy, autofluorescence imaging, or confocal laser endomicroscopy does not significantly increase the number of patients with a diagnosis of early neoplasia compared with high-definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) with random biopsy analysis. These newer imaging techniques are not more effective in standard surveillance of patients with BO because the prevalence of early neoplasia is low and HD-WLE with random biopsy analysis detects most cases of neoplasia. The evaluation and treatment of patients with BO and early-stage neoplasia should be centralized in tertiary referral centers, where procedures are performed under optimal conditions, by expert endoscopists. Lesions that require resection are almost always detected by HD-WLE, although advanced imaging techniques can detect additional flat lesions. However, these are of limited clinical significance because they are effectively eradicated by ablation therapy. No endoscopic imaging technique can reliably assess submucosal or lymphangio-invasion. Endoscopic resection of early-stage neoplasia in patients with BO is important for staging and management. Optical chromoendoscopy can also be used to evaluate lesions before endoscopic resection and in follow-up after successful ablation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Swager
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - W L Curvers
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - J J Bergman
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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13
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Anandasabapathy S. Advanced imaging in Barrett's esophagus: are we ready to relinquish the random? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11:1571-2. [PMID: 23924875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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