Cardiac sarcoidosis mimicking left ventricular noncompaction: An approach to acquired apical hypertrabeculation

Co-occurrence of Myocardial Sarcoidosis and Left Ventricular Non-compaction in a Patient with Advanced Heart Failure

A 46-year-old man with systolic heart failure, end-stage renal disease on dialysis, ventricular tachycardia and pulmonary sarcoidosis presented with decompensated heart failure and cardiogenic shock of unknown aetiology. The hospital course was complicated by worsening shock requiring inotropic and mechanical circulatory support, as well as eventual dual heart and kidney transplantation. Cardiac imaging was used to assess the aetiology of the patient’s non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, including a PET scan and cardiac MRI. Imaging demonstrated findings consistent with left ventricular non-compaction, but was inconclusive for cardiac sarcoidosis. After eventual heart transplantation, histopathology of the patient’s explanted heart showed evidence of both non-compaction and cardiac sarcoidosis. In this case report, the authors review the pathophysiology of both cardiac sarcoidosis and left ventricular non-compaction, and highlight a multimodality approach to the diagnosis of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.