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Yan C, Xing K, Liu Y, Kong W, Zhang R, Sun Y, Zhang J. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of Wnt gene family in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis. Gene 2023; 854:147122. [PMID: 36539046 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wnt proteins are a class of hydrophobic secreted glycoproteins involved in diverse important biological processes, such as tissue formation and regeneration, embryonic development and innate immunity. The Wnt gene family has an early origin and is present in all deuterostomes. In the process of evolution, the phenomenon of gene expansion, contraction and adaptive evolution occurs in the Wnt gene family. In the current study, eleven Wnt genes (NdWnt1-2, NdWnt4-7, NdWnt9-11, NdWnt16, and NdWntA) belonging to different subfamilies were obtained based on the genomic and transcriptomic data of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis. Then the expression patterns of all NdWnts were analyzed in various tissues, at different developmental stages and under different stresses. The expression profiles of NdWnts at different developmental stages showed that most NdWnt genes were initially expressed at gastrula stage, and the expression of NdWnt5 and NdWnt16 throughout all developmental stages. The spatial expression of NdWnt genes presented tissue specificity. They were mainly expressed in four tissues, namely gill, intestines, ovary and eyestalk. After Vibrio parahemolyticus infection and under copper exposure, the expression levels of five NdWnts (NdWnt1, NdWnt5, NdWnt10, NdWnt16 and NdWntA) were variable. Our findings enrich the research on the Wnt gene family of N. denticulata sinensis and provide valuable insights into relationship between structure and function of Wnt genes in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kefan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Weihua Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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2
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Yang L, Li GY, Li XY, Wu CY, Wang J, Song QS, Stanley D, Wei SJ, Zhu JY. The Wnt gene family in Tenebrio molitor and other coleopterans. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21915. [PMID: 35584033 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt gene family is involved in a wide range of developmental processes. Despite its significance, the evolution and function of Wnt genes remain largely unclear. Here, an exhaustive survey of Wnt genes was conducted in Tenebrio molitor and 17 other beetle genomes. A total of 146 Wnt genes were identified, creating a comprehensive coleopteran Wnt gene catalog. Comparative genomics indicates that dynamic evolutionary patterns of Wnt gene loss and duplication occurred in Coleoptera, leading to the diverse Wnt gene repertoire in various beetles. A striking loss of particular Wnt gene subfamilies occurs in Coleoptera. Remarkably, Wnt gene duplication was discovered for the first time in insects. Further analysis of Wnt gene expression in T. molitor indicates that each Wnt gene, including the duplicated ones, has a unique spatial or temporal expression pattern. The current study provides valuable insight into the evolution and functional validation of Wnt genes in Coleoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Guang-Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Chao-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/ARS Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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3
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Peng L, Zhao Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the Wnt Gene Family in Three Rice Planthoppers: Sogatella furcifera, Laodelphax striatellus, and Nilaparvata lugens. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:2. [PMID: 36082678 PMCID: PMC9459440 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt gene family plays essential roles in regulating many developmental processes, including the maintenance of stem cells, cell division, and cell migration. The number of Wnt genes varies among species. Due to the diversity and importance of their functions, the Wnt gene family has gained extensive research interest in various animal species from invertebrates to vertebrates. However, knowledge of the Wnt gene family is limited in rice planthoppers. Three planthopper species, the white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera Horvath), the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) and the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), are devastating specialist pests of rice and cause serious damage to rice plants. To better study the evolution and function of the Wnt gene family in rice planthoppers, we identified 8 Wnt family genes in three rice planthoppers with both genomic and extensive transcriptomic resources available. We conducted a systematic analysis of the three kinds of rice planthoppers and analyzed the dynamic patterns of gene conservation, as well as Wnt gene loss and duplication. The expression profiles in different developmental stages of S. furcifera and different adult organs and tissues of L. striatellus provide preliminary functional implications for the Wnt genes in rice planthopper. This study presents the first genome-wide study of the Wnt gene family in rice planthoppers, and our findings provide insights into Wnt function and evolution in rice planthoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Corresponding authors, e-mail: (L.P.), (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- Corresponding authors, e-mail: (L.P.), (Y.Z.)
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4
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Mundaca-Escobar M, Cepeda RE, Sarrazin AF. The organizing role of Wnt signaling pathway during arthropod posterior growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:944673. [PMID: 35990604 PMCID: PMC9389326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.944673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways are recognized for having major roles in tissue patterning and cell proliferation. In the last years, remarkable progress has been made in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie sequential segmentation and axial elongation in various arthropods, and the canonical Wnt pathway has emerged as an essential factor in these processes. Here we review, with a comparative perspective, the current evidence concerning the participation of this pathway during posterior growth, its degree of conservation among the different subphyla within Arthropoda and its relationship with the rest of the gene regulatory network involved. Furthermore, we discuss how this signaling pathway could regulate segmentation to establish this repetitive pattern and, at the same time, probably modulate different cellular processes precisely coupled to axial elongation. Based on the information collected, we suggest that this pathway plays an organizing role in the formation of the body segments through the regulation of the dynamic expression of segmentation genes, via controlling the caudal gene, at the posterior region of the embryo/larva, that is necessary for the correct sequential formation of body segments in most arthropods and possibly in their common segmented ancestor. On the other hand, there is insufficient evidence to link this pathway to axial elongation by controlling its main cellular processes, such as convergent extension and cell proliferation. However, conclusions are premature until more studies incorporating diverse arthropods are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andres F. Sarrazin
- CoDe-Lab, Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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5
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Janssen R, Pechmann M, Turetzek N. A chelicerate Wnt gene expression atlas: novel insights into the complexity of arthropod Wnt-patterning. EvoDevo 2021; 12:12. [PMID: 34753512 PMCID: PMC8579682 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-021-00182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt genes represent a large family of secreted glycoprotein ligands that date back to early animal evolution. Multiple duplication events generated a set of 13 Wnt families of which 12 are preserved in protostomes. Embryonic Wnt expression patterns (Wnt-patterning) are complex, representing the plentitude of functions these genes play during development. Here, we comprehensively investigated the embryonic expression patterns of Wnt genes from three species of spiders covering both main groups of true spiders, Haplogynae and Entelegynae, a mygalomorph species (tarantula), as well as a distantly related chelicerate outgroup species, the harvestman Phalangium opilio. All spiders possess the same ten classes of Wnt genes, but retained partially different sets of duplicated Wnt genes after whole genome duplication, some of which representing impressive examples of sub- and neo-functionalization. The harvestman, however, possesses a more complete set of 11 Wnt genes but with no duplicates. Our comprehensive data-analysis suggests a high degree of complexity and evolutionary flexibility of Wnt-patterning likely providing a firm network of mutational protection. We discuss the new data on Wnt gene expression in terms of their potential function in segmentation, posterior elongation, and appendage development and critically review previous research on these topics. We conclude that earlier research may have suffered from the absence of comprehensive gene expression data leading to partial misconceptions about the roles of Wnt genes in development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Janssen
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Matthias Pechmann
- Department of Developmental Biology, Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natascha Turetzek
- Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152, Biozentrum, Germany
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6
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Hanly JJ, Robertson ECN, Corning OBWH, Martin A. Porcupine/Wntless-dependent trafficking of the conserved WntA ligand in butterflies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2021; 336:470-481. [PMID: 34010515 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt ligands are key signaling molecules in animals, but little is known about the evolutionary dynamics and mode of action of the WntA orthologs, which are not present in the vertebrates or in Drosophila. Here we show that the WntA subfamily evolved at the base of the Bilateria + Cnidaria clade, and conserved the thumb region and Ser209 acylation site present in most other Wnts, suggesting WntA requires the core Wnt secretory pathway. WntA proteins are distinguishable from other Wnts by a synapomorphic Iso/Val/Ala216 amino-acid residue that replaces the otherwise ubiquitous Thr216 position. WntA embryonic expression is conserved between beetles and butterflies, suggesting functionality, but the WntA gene was lost three times within arthropods, in podoplean copepods, in the cyclorrhaphan fly radiation, and in ensiferan crickets and katydids. Finally, CRISPR mosaic knockouts (KOs) of porcupine and wntless phenocopied the pattern-specific effects of WntA KOs in the wings of Vanessa cardui butterflies. These results highlight the molecular conservation of the WntA protein across invertebrates, and imply it functions as a typical Wnt ligand that is acylated and secreted through the Porcupine/Wntless secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Hanly
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Erica C N Robertson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Olaf B W H Corning
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Arnaud Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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7
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Bai Y, Nie H, Wang Z, Yan X. Genome-wide identification and transcriptome-based expression profiling of Wnt gene family in Ruditapes philippinarum. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 35:100709. [PMID: 32688272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt genes encode a set of conserved glycoproteins regulating early development, cell proliferation and differentiation, and tissue regeneration in metazoans. In some mollusks, the knowledge of Wnt gene family has been limited because of the short of the genomic and transcriptomic resources. Ruditapes philippinarum is an economically important bivalve with a variety of shell coloration patterns and ability to regenerate its siphon. To gain a greater understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of Wnt gene family, we carried out a genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of Wnt gene family in R. philippinarum and other four mollusks. A total of 12 Wnt genes were identified in the genome of R. philippinarum, and the dynamic patterns of gene conservation, loss and duplication of Wnt genes were analyzed in mollusks and model organisms. Furthermore, the transcriptome analyses demonstrated the expression profiles of the Wnt genes at different developmental stage, in adult tissues, during siphon regeneration, in four different shell color strains, and at uncolored and colored developmental stages in two different shell color strains. These findings suggest that the expansion of Wnt genes may play vital roles in the larval development, the formation of shell color pattern and siphon regeneration in R. philippinarum. This study provides a valuable insight into Wnt function and evolution in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Bai
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongtao Nie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Zhengxing Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiwu Yan
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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8
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Constantinou SJ, Duan N, Nagy LM, Chipman AD, Williams TA. Elongation during segmentation shows axial variability, low mitotic rates, and synchronized cell cycle domains in the crustacean, Thamnocephalus platyurus. EvoDevo 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 31988708 PMCID: PMC6969478 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-020-0147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Segmentation in arthropods typically occurs by sequential addition of segments from a posterior growth zone. However, the amount of tissue required for growth and the cell behaviors producing posterior elongation are sparsely documented. Results Using precisely staged larvae of the crustacean, Thamnocephalus platyurus, we systematically examine cell division patterns and morphometric changes associated with posterior elongation during segmentation. We show that cell division occurs during normal elongation but that cells in the growth zone need only divide ~ 1.5 times to meet growth estimates; correspondingly, direct measures of cell division in the growth zone are low. Morphometric measurements of the growth zone and of newly formed segments suggest tagma-specific features of segment generation. Using methods for detecting two different phases in the cell cycle, we show distinct domains of synchronized cells in the posterior trunk. Borders of cell cycle domains correlate with domains of segmental gene expression, suggesting an intimate link between segment generation and cell cycle regulation. Conclusions Emerging measures of cellular dynamics underlying posterior elongation already show a number of intriguing characteristics that may be widespread among sequentially segmenting arthropods and are likely a source of evolutionary variability. These characteristics include: the low rates of posterior mitosis, the apparently tight regulation of cell cycle at the growth zone/new segment border, and a correlation between changes in elongation and tagma boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas J Constantinou
- 1Biology Department, Trinity College, Hartford, CT USA.,4Present Address: Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Nicole Duan
- 1Biology Department, Trinity College, Hartford, CT USA.,5Present Address: Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Lisa M Nagy
- 2Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Ariel D Chipman
- 3The Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Hogvall M, Vellutini BC, Martín-Durán JM, Hejnol A, Budd GE, Janssen R. Embryonic expression of priapulid Wnt genes. Dev Genes Evol 2019; 229:125-135. [PMID: 31273439 PMCID: PMC6647475 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-019-00636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Posterior elongation of the developing embryo is a common feature of animal development. One group of genes that is involved in posterior elongation is represented by the Wnt genes, secreted glycoprotein ligands that signal to specific receptors on neighbouring cells and thereby establish cell-to-cell communication. In segmented animals such as annelids and arthropods, Wnt signalling is also likely involved in segment border formation and regionalisation of the segments. Priapulids represent unsegmented worms that are distantly related to arthropods. Despite their interesting phylogenetic position and their importance for the understanding of ecdysozoan evolution, priapulids still represent a highly underinvestigated group of animals. Here, we study the embryonic expression patterns of the complete sets of Wnt genes in the priapulids Priapulus caudatus and Halicryptus spinulosus. We find that both priapulids possess a complete set of 12 Wnt genes. At least in Priapulus, most of these genes are expressed in and around the posterior-located blastopore and thus likely play a role in posterior elongation. Together with previous work on the expression of other genetic factors such as caudal and even-skipped, this suggests that posterior elongation in priapulids is under control of the same (or very similar) conserved gene regulatory network as in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Hogvall
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bruno C Vellutini
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - José M Martín-Durán
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Andreas Hejnol
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| | - Graham E Budd
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ralf Janssen
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, Sweden.
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10
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Liu S, Chen X, Lian S, Dai X, Hu N, Zhang F, Zhang L, Bao Z, Wang S. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the Wnt gene family in three bivalve molluscs. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 29:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Somorjai IML, Martí-Solans J, Diaz-Gracia M, Nishida H, Imai KS, Escrivà H, Cañestro C, Albalat R. Wnt evolution and function shuffling in liberal and conservative chordate genomes. Genome Biol 2018; 19:98. [PMID: 30045756 PMCID: PMC6060547 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND What impact gene loss has on the evolution of developmental processes, and how function shuffling has affected retained genes driving essential biological processes, remain open questions in the fields of genome evolution and EvoDevo. To investigate these problems, we have analyzed the evolution of the Wnt ligand repertoire in the chordate phylum as a case study. RESULTS We conduct an exhaustive survey of Wnt genes in genomic databases, identifying 156 Wnt genes in 13 non-vertebrate chordates. This represents the most complete Wnt gene catalog of the chordate subphyla and has allowed us to resolve previous ambiguities about the orthology of many Wnt genes, including the identification of WntA for the first time in chordates. Moreover, we create the first complete expression atlas for the Wnt family during amphioxus development, providing a useful resource to investigate the evolution of Wnt expression throughout the radiation of chordates. CONCLUSIONS Our data underscore extraordinary genomic stasis in cephalochordates, which contrasts with the liberal and dynamic evolutionary patterns of gene loss and duplication in urochordate genomes. Our analysis has allowed us to infer ancestral Wnt functions shared among all chordates, several cases of function shuffling among Wnt paralogs, as well as unique expression domains for Wnt genes that likely reflect functional innovations in each chordate lineage. Finally, we propose a potential relationship between the evolution of WntA and the evolution of the mouth in chordates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó M L Somorjai
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK.
- Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK.
| | - Josep Martí-Solans
- Departament de Genètica, , Microbiologia i Estadística, and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Diaz-Gracia
- Departament de Genètica, , Microbiologia i Estadística, and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroki Nishida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kaoru S Imai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hector Escrivà
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Cristian Cañestro
- Departament de Genètica, , Microbiologia i Estadística, and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ricard Albalat
- Departament de Genètica, , Microbiologia i Estadística, and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Du J, Zhang X, Yuan J, Zhang X, Li F, Xiang J. Wnt gene family members and their expression profiling in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:233-243. [PMID: 29567137 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt gene family encodes secreted glycoproteins involved in a wide variety of biological processes, including embryo development, cell proliferation and differentiation, and tissue regeneration. The Wnt pathway exists in all metazoan animals, however, the relevant research is rare in crustaceans. Here we described 12 Wnt genes representing 12 Wnt gene subfamilies in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Based on homolog annotations and phylogenetic analyses, we named these 12 Wnt genes as LvWnt1, LvWnt2, LvWnt4-11, LvWnt16, and LvWntA. All the corresponding LvWnt proteins shared a conserved Wnt1 domain and 22 conserved cysteine residues. LvWnt1 and LvWnt6 were adjacent in a scaffold in the shrimp genome. Furthermore, we performed expression analyses of LvWnt genes at different developmental stages, during the molting process, in different tissues and after different pathogenic infection. We showed that each LvWnt gene had a unique expression pattern at different developmental stages but only a few of them expressed in adult shrimp. All the investigated LvWnt genes were initially expressed at the gastrula or limb bud embryo stages. Among them, LvWnt8 was specifically high expressed only in early embryos. LvWntA and LvWnt5 displayed high and similar expression profiles during the molting process, and LvWnt6 and LvWnt16 were specifically expressed in the thoracic ganglion, ventral nerve, intestines and gill tissues, respectively. We also found the expression of LvWntA, LvWnt5, LvWnt6, LvWnt9, and LvWnt16 were varied in the different tissues after infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which indicated that they might participate in immune response in L. vannamei. This study provided an insight into the repertoire of the Wnt gene structure and expression in shrimps, and furthermore, might promote the understanding of development, growth and immune response of shrimps and crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Du
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Williams TA, Nagy LM. Linking gene regulation to cell behaviors in the posterior growth zone of sequentially segmenting arthropods. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2017; 46:380-394. [PMID: 27720841 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Virtually all arthropods all arthropods add their body segments sequentially, one by one in an anterior to posterior progression. That process requires not only segment specification but typically growth and elongation. Here we review the functions of some of the key genes that regulate segmentation: Wnt, caudal, Notch pathway, and pair-rule genes, and discuss what can be inferred about their evolution. We focus on how these regulatory factors are integrated with growth and elongation and discuss the importance and challenges of baseline measures of growth and elongation. We emphasize a perspective that integrates the genetic regulation of segment patterning with the cellular mechanisms of growth and elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M Nagy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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