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Santos CV, Correia VAG, Felizardo HMA, Esteves A, Rossi-Júnior WC, Pigossi SC, Gaêta-Araujo H. The effect of different spatial resolutions and enhancement filters on radiographic detection of simulated furcation defects with intraoral digital radiography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023; 136:518-528. [PMID: 37407350 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of spatial resolution and the application of enhancement filters in the diagnosis of simulated furcation defects and image quality with intraoral radiographs. STUDY DESIGN Periapical images were acquired with photostimulable phosphor plates of molars in dry skulls (n = 8) and mandibles (n = 10) with 4 stages of furcation defect simulation. The plates were scanned in fast scan and high resolution modes to produce different spatial resolutions. Four image filters were applied. Six observers scored the detection of furcation defects. Mean values of area under the curve in receiver operating characteristic evaluation, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Mean gray value (brightness), noise, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated for enamel, dentin, and alveolar bone to evaluate image quality. Analysis of variance compared the values between the different spatial resolutions and filters. The significance of difference was established at P < .05. RESULTS There were no significant differences in overall diagnostic values comparing image spatial resolutions and filters. Diagnostic outcomes were significantly better for the largest defects than the smallest lesions but were generally poor in detecting lesions. All structures showed greater brightness in high resolution. . Noise was greater in all structures with all enhancement filters except inversion. Dentin and alveolar bone exhibited more noise and lower CNR in high resolution. CONCLUSIONS Varying spatial resolution and applying enhancement filters did not significantly affect the diagnosis of furcation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alessandra Esteves
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner Costa Rossi-Júnior
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Suzane Cristina Pigossi
- Department of Periodontology and Implantodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hugo Gaêta-Araujo
- Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Cotti E, Schirru E. Present status and future directions: Imaging techniques for the detection of periapical lesions. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 4:1085-1099. [PMID: 36059089 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosing and treating apical periodontitis (AP) in an attempt to preserve the natural dentition, and to prevent the direct and indirect systemic effects of this condition, is the major goal in endodontics. Considering that AP is frequently asymptomatic, and is most often associated with a lesion in the periapex of the affected tooth, within the maxillary bones, imaging becomes of paramount importance for the diagnosis of the disease. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate the most relevant classic and current literature to describe which are, to date, the diagnostic imaging systems most reliable and advanced to achieve the early and predictable detection of AP, the best measures of the lesions and the disclosure of the different features of the disease. Dental panoramic tomography (DPT) is a classic exam, considered still useful to provide the basic diagnosis of AP in certain districts of the maxillary bones. Periapical radiographs (PRs) represent a valid routine examination, with few, known limitations. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the only system that ensures the early and predictable detection of all periapical lesions in the jaws, with the minor risk of false positives. These techniques can be successfully implemented, with ultrasounds (USI) or magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging, exams that do not use ionising radiations. MRI and USI provide information on specific features of the lesions, like the presence and amount of vascular supply, their content and their relationship with the surrounding soft tissues, leading to differential diagnoses. Further, all the three-dimensional systems (CBCT, USI and MRI) allow the volumetric assessment of AP. Pioneering research on artificial intelligence is slowly progressing in the detection of periapical radiolucencies on DPTs, PRs and CBCTs, however, with promising results. Finally, it is established that all imaging techniques have to be associated with a thorough clinical examination and a good degree of calibration of the operator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Cotti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elia Schirru
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Miranda-Viana M, Fontenele RC, Farias Gomes A, Nogueira-Reis F, Nejaim Y, Oliveira ML, Freitas DQ. Digital file format does not influence the radiographic diagnosis of vertical root fracture. Oral Radiol 2022; 38:452-458. [PMID: 34626307 PMCID: PMC8501329 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-021-00573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of the file format of digital periapical radiographs on the diagnosis of vertical root fracture (VRF). STUDY DESIGN Periapical radiographic images of 34 single-rooted teeth-19 with VRF, and 15 without VRF were acquired using two digital systems-Digora Toto, and Digora Optime, and exported into four different file formats-TIFF, BMP, PNG, and JPEG, totaling 272 radiographs. The radiographs were assessed by five examiners for the detection of VRF, using a 5-point scale (1-definitely absent; 2-probably absent; 3-uncertain; 4-probably present; 5-definitely present). Diagnostic values of area under the ROC curve, specificity, and sensitivity for the diagnosis of VRF were calculated. The results were compared by two-way Analysis of Variance with post hoc Tukey's test. The intra- and inter-examiner agreements were measured by the Kappa test. The significance level was set at 5% for all analyses. RESULTS The values of intra-examiner agreement varied from moderate (0.56) to almost perfect (0.81), while the values of inter-examiner agreement varied from fair (0.29) to moderate (0.60). The image file format did not influence the diagnostic values for VRF for any of the radiographic systems tested (p > 0.05). Digora Toto had significantly greater values of area under the ROC curve than Digora Optime for all file formats (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The image file format of periapical radiographs does not influence the diagnosis of VRF, regardless of the digital radiography system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Miranda-Viana
- Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Rocharles Cavalcante Fontenele
- Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Farias Gomes
- Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nogueira-Reis
- Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Yuri Nejaim
- Oral Radiology Area, Dental School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Matheus L Oliveira
- Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Deborah Queiroz Freitas
- Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
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Evaluation of the combined assessment of two digital enhancement filters in periapical radiographs obtained with different projection angles in the detection of simulated dental root fractures. Oral Radiol 2021; 38:234-239. [PMID: 34195932 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-021-00550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the combined assessment of the original radiographic image with the Invert or Emboss digital enhancement filters in periapical radiographs obtained with different horizontal projection angles in the detection of simulated dental root fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four single-rooted teeth were selected, out of which 17 teeth were subjected to root fracture. Each tooth was individually placed in an empty socket of a dry human maxilla or mandible and X-rayed following the paralleling technique at three horizontal projections: mesial, right angle, distal. Then, the Invert and Emboss enhancement filters were applied. Five examiners independently evaluated all the images and rated the fractures using a 5-point scale. Weighted kappa test assessed the intra- and interexaminer agreements. Diagnostic values were calculated and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were compared using two-way ANOVA with Tukey test as post hoc (α = 0.05). RESULTS The inter- and intraexaminer agreement ranged from moderate to almost perfect and from substantial to almost perfect, respectively. Diagnostic values were considerably high for all conditions with no significant difference between the AUC values (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combined use of the original radiographic image with the Invert or Emboss digital enhancement filters in periapical radiographs obtained with different projection angles did not influence the detection of simulated dental root fracture.
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Farias Gomes A, Nejaim Y, Fontenele RC, Haiter-Neto F, Freitas DQ. Influence of the incorporation of a lead foil to intraoral digital receptors on the image quality and root fracture diagnosis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2019; 48:20180369. [PMID: 30982341 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20180369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of images obtained with the addition of a lead foil to intraoral digital receptors. METHODS Radiographic images of 34 single-rooted human teeth - 19 with vertical root fracture (VRF) and 15 of the control group - were obtained with and without the addition of a lead foil, using the VistaScan, Express, Digora Optime and Digora Toto systems. Images were evaluated by five observers regarding the diagnosis of VRF, using a 5-point scale. In a second moment, an observer preference analysis related to the presence of the lead foil was performed. Images of an acrylic phantom were also obtained with and without the addition of a lead foil, and the quantities of uniformity, grey value and standard deviation of grey values were obtained. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the VRF diagnostic values, considering the presence of the lead foil. Regarding the image quality preference, the observers preferred images acquired with the lead foil for all systems tested, but with greater values for Digora Optime (61.33%) and Express (61.33%). The presence of the lead foil did influence the image uniformity in all systems tested ( p < 0.05). Moreover, the lead foil increased the mean of grey values for Digora Optime and Express images ( p < 0.05), however it did not influence the SD in any of the digital systems ( p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The addition of a lead foil to intraoral digital receptors produces a positive effect in the image quality objectively detected by means of uniformity and subjective visual preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Farias Gomes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis - Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yuri Nejaim
- Department of Oral Diagnosis - Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rocharles Cavalcante Fontenele
- Department of Oral Diagnosis - Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Haiter-Neto
- Department of Oral Diagnosis - Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah Queiroz Freitas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis - Dental Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Brasil DM, Yamasaki MC, Santaella GM, Guido MCZ, Freitas DQ, Haiter-Neto F. Influence of VistaScan image enhancement filters on diagnosis of simulated periapical lesions on intraoral radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2018; 48:20180146. [PMID: 30260235 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20180146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether image enhancement filters of VistaScan system improve the diagnostic accuracy of simulated periapical lesions. METHODS: 10 sockets were prepared on bovine ribs to fit a bovine tooth. Bone defects were created and successively enlarged providing four groups (n = 10): Group 0, absence of lesions; Group 1, periapical lesions with 1.6 mm in diameter; Group 2, with 1.8 mm in diameter; and Group 3, with 2.1 mm in diameter. Periapical radiographs were taken using a photostimulable storage phosphor plate and DBSWIN software. VistaScan filters were applied and the images were allocated into seven groups: Nonfiltered, Fine, Caries 1, Caries 2, Endodontic, Periodontal and Noise Reduction. All the 280 images were assessed about the presence or absence of periapical lesions. Pixel intensities standard deviation were compared between nonfiltered and filtered images. Two-Way Analysis of Variance and the post hoc Tukey's test were used to compare area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: VistaScan filters showed no significant difference for area under receiver operating characteristic curve (p = 0.124), sensitivity (p = 0.835) and specificity (p = 0.832). Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (p = 0.000) and sensitivity (p = 0.000) in 2.1 mm lesions size were significantly higher than in 1.6 mm and 1.8 mm lesions size. Pixel intensities standard deviation was significantly changed in the filtered images compared to nonfiltered ones (p < 0.01), except for Fine in the bone region (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: VistaScan enhancement filters do not influence the diagnostic accuracy of simulated periapical lesions. On the other hand, larger lesions were more frequently detected. The filters change the pixel intensities reducing or intensifying the differences between similar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danieli Moura Brasil
- 1 Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mayra Cristina Yamasaki
- 1 Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Gustavo Machado Santaella
- 1 Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Zumstein Guido
- 1 Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Deborah Queiroz Freitas
- 1 Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Francisco Haiter-Neto
- 1 Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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Eskandarloo A, Yousefi A, Soheili S, Ghazikhanloo K, Amini P, Mohammadpoor H. Evaluation of the Effect of Light and Scanning Time Delay on The Image Quality of Intra Oral Photostimulable Phosphor Plates. Open Dent J 2018; 11:690-700. [PMID: 29430262 PMCID: PMC5750681 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, digital radiography is widely used in dental practice. One of the most common types is Photo Stimulated Phosphor Plate (PSP). Objective The aims of this experimental study were to evaluate the impacts of different combinations of storage conditions and varying delays in reading of digital images captured using PSPs. Methods Standardized images of a step wedges were obtained using PSPs from the Digora digital systems. Plates were exposed and immediately scanned to produce the baseline gold standard. The plates were re-exposed and stored in four different storage conditions: white light, yellow light, natural light environment and dark room, then scanned after 10 and 30 minutes and 4 and 8 hours. Objective analysis was conducted by density measurements and the data were analyzed statistically using GEE test. Subjective analysis was performed by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists and the results were analyzed using McNemar's test. Results The results from GEE analysis show that in the natural light environment, the densities in 10 minutes did not differ from the baseline. The mean densities decreased significantly during the time in all environments. The mean densities in step 2 for the dark room environment decreased with a slighter slope in comparison to yellow environment significantly. Conclusion PSP images showed significant decrease in the density in plates scanned for 10 minutes or longer after exposure which may not be detected clinically. The yellow light environment had a different impact on the quality of PSP images. The spatial resolution did not change significantly with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Eskandarloo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arman Yousefi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Setareh Soheili
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Karim Ghazikhanloo
- Department of Medical Physics, Paramedical school, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Payam Amini
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Numerical Evaluation of Image Contrast for Thicker and Thinner Objects among Current Intraoral Digital Imaging Systems. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5215413. [PMID: 28497053 PMCID: PMC5401743 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5215413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose is to evaluate the performance of current intraoral digital detectors in detail using a precise phantom and new method. Two aluminum step wedges in 0.5 mm steps were exposed by two photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) systems—one with automatic exposure compensation (AEC) and the other without AEC—and a CCD sensor. Images were obtained with 3 doses at 60 kV. The effect of metallic material also was evaluated. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for thinner steps and the low contrast value (LCV) for thicker steps were obtained. The CCD system was the best under all conditions (P < 0.001), although the Gray value was sensitive to the dose, and the Gray value-dose relation varied greatly. The PSP system with AEC was superior to that without AEC for the LCV (P < 0.001) but was inferior to it regarding the CNR (P < 0.001). CNR and LCV in the PSP system without AEC were not affected by the metallic plate. Intraoral digital imaging systems should be chosen according to their diagnostic purpose. PSP system with AEC may be the best for detecting molar proximal caries, whereas the PSP system without AEC may be better for evaluating small bone regeneration in periodontal disease. The CCD system provided the best performance.
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