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Xiu C, Pan H, Zhang F, Luo Z, Bian L, Li Z, Fu N, Zhou L, Magsi FH, Cai X, Chen Z. Identification of aggregation pheromones released by the stick tea thrips (Dendrothrips minowai) larvae and their application for controlling thrips in tea plantations. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2528-2538. [PMID: 38087822 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stick tea thrips, Dendrothrips minowai Priesner, is one of the most important sucking pests that seriously infest tea plants (Camellia sinensis) in China. Given that D. minowai exhibit aggregation behaviors in tea plantations, this study evaluated the potential of aggregation pheromones for their control. RESULTS H-tube olfactometer assays showed that D. minowai larvae, adult females and adult males were significantly attracted to larvae rather than adult females and males under laboratory conditions. Subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of volatiles from larvae, identified two larva-specific components: dodecyl acetate and tetradecyl acetate. Electrophysiological and behavioral experiments confirmed the positive response of females and males to dodecyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, and their blend (1:1.5). Deployment of these aggregation pheromones on sticky traps resulted in a 1.2- to 3.0-fold increase in the capture of D. minowai adults compared with control traps. In addition, deployment of sticky traps baited with these aggregation pheromones within tea plantations resulted in a noteworthy reduction in the population of adult thrips per 100 leaves, 10 days following trap deployment. The reduction ranged from 29% to 59%, in comparison with the control. CONCLUSION D. minowai larvae produce aggregation pheromones, dodecyl acetate and tetradecyl acetate, that can be useful for controlling tea thrips. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Xiu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Fengge Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zongxiu Luo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqun Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanxia Fu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fida Hussain Magsi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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Krueger S, Moritz G. Sperm ultrastructure in arrhenotokous and thelytokous Thysanoptera. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2021; 64:101084. [PMID: 34293581 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thysanoptera are haplo-diploid insects that reproduce either via arrhenotoky or thelytoky. Beside genetically based thelytoky, this reproduction mode can also be endosymbiont induced. The recovery of these females from their infection again leads to the development of males. Functionality of these males ranges widely, and this might be associated with sperm structure. We analyzed the sperm ultrastructure in three different species belonging to both suborders with different reproduction systems via electron microscopy. Beside the different reproduction modes, and adaptations to their life style, the arrhenotokous species Suocerathrips linguis (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera) and Echinothrips americanus (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia) possess typical thysanopteran-like sperm structure. But endosymbiont-cured males from the thelytokous species Hercinothrips femoralis (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia) possess several malformed spermatozoa and a large amount of secretions in their testes. Spermiophagy seems to be typical. It indicates a highly conserved mechanism of the male developmental pathways, despite the observed decay. However, this decay would explain why in some species no stable arrhenotokous line can be re-established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Krueger
- Martin-Luther University Halle- Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Department Zoology, Heinrich-Damerow-Str.4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Gerald Moritz
- Martin-Luther University Halle- Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Department Zoology, Heinrich-Damerow-Str.4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Mating behaviour, mate choice and female resistance in the bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti). Sci Rep 2021; 11:14504. [PMID: 34267250 PMCID: PMC8282879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species of thrips (Thysanoptera) in the family Thripidae form mating aggregations, but the adaptive significance of these aggregations and the extent of male and female mate choice is poorly understood. We studied the mating behaviour of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), which forms male aggregations and occurs across sub-Saharan Africa. We tested whether males choose mates by female age or mating status. No-choice mating bioassays with one male and one female were used to simulate the way males usually encounter only one female at a time in aggregations in the field. Virgin females violently resisted mating attempts by males, but we found no compelling evidence to establish whether this was indiscriminate or was screening suitable males. Younger males (1–2 days old) did not discriminate females by age (1–2 or 7–10 days old), but older males (7–10 days old) avoided mating with older females. Any male choice by female mating status (virgin or mated) was weak or absent. The mating behaviour of M. sjostedti shows broad similarities with that of other thrips species that form aggregations, but also shows some distinct and novel differences, which can help our understanding of the adaptive significance of aggregations.
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Kirk WDJ, de Kogel WJ, Koschier EH, Teulon DAJ. Semiochemicals for Thrips and Their Use in Pest Management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 66:101-119. [PMID: 33417819 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-022020-081531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thrips (Thysanoptera) are small insects that can cause huge problems in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry through feeding and the transmission of plant viruses. They produce a rich chemical diversity of pheromones and allomones and also respond to a broad range of semiochemicals from plants. These semiochemicals offer many opportunities to develop new approaches to pest management. Aggregation pheromones and plant-derived semiochemicals are already available in commercial products. We review these semiochemicals and consider how we can move away from using them mainly for monitoring to using them for control. We still know very little about the behavioral responses of thrips to semiochemicals, and we show that research in this area is needed to improve the use of semiochemicals in pest management. We also propose that thrips should be used as a model system for semiochemically mediated behaviors of small insects that have limited ability to fly upwind.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D J Kirk
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom;
| | | | - Elisabeth H Koschier
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria;
| | - David A J Teulon
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Ltd., Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
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Togola A, Boukar O, Chamarthi S, Belko N, Tamò M, Oigiangbe N, Ojo J, Ibikunle M, Fatokun C. Evaluation of cowpea mini core accessions for resistance to flower bud thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY = ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE 2019; 143:683-692. [PMID: 31423052 PMCID: PMC6686721 DOI: 10.1111/jen.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is an economically important pest of cowpea in sub-Saharan Africa. Varietal resistance is the most preferred, environmentally friendly, cost-effective and sustainable option for controlling this pest. The objective of this study was to identify sources of resistance to M. sjostedti among mini core accessions from the largest world cowpea germplasm collection maintained at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). The study was conducted during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons where 365 accessions were screened under field conditions. Each accession was rated visually for thrips damage score, flower abortion rate, number of pods per plant and number of thrips per flower. The resistance levels observed in genotypes TVu8631, TVu16368, TVu8671 and TVu7325 were similar to that of the resistant check "Sanzisabinli" (called Sanzi) during both seasons. In addition, 56 mini core genotypes showed moderate resistance to thrips damage. High heritability values were associated with thrips damage scores at 65 days after planting (0.60), percentage of effective peduncles (0.59), flower bud abortion rate (0.59), number of pods per plant (0.51) and number of peduncles with pods (0.5). The accessions identified with good levels of resistance to flower bud thrips will be used in cowpea breeding programs to develop improved resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abou Togola
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureKanoNigeria
| | - Ousmane Boukar
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureKanoNigeria
| | - Siva Chamarthi
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureKanoNigeria
| | | | - Manuele Tamò
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureCotonouBenin
| | | | - Joseph Ojo
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureIbadanNigeria
| | - Mumini Ibikunle
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureIbadanNigeria
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Behavioural responses of bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) to vegetative and floral volatiles from different cowpea cultivars. CHEMOECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-019-00278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Niassy S, Tamiru A, Hamilton JGC, Kirk WDJ, Mumm R, Sims C, de Kogel WJ, Ekesi S, Maniania NK, Bandi K, Mitchell F, Subramanian S. Characterization of Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Bean Flower Thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:348-355. [PMID: 30788655 PMCID: PMC6476851 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of the bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has been observed on cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. To understand the mechanism underpinning this behavior, we studied the responses of M. sjostedti to headspace volatiles from conspecifics in a four-arm olfactometer. Both male and female M. sjostedti were attracted to male, but not to female odor. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses revealed the presence of two distinct compounds in male M. sjostedti headspace, namely (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate (major compound) and (R)-lavandulol (minor compound); by contrast, both compounds were only present in trace amounts in female headspace collections. A behavioral assay using synthetic compounds showed that male M. sjostedti was attracted to both (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate and (R)-lavandulol, while females responded only to (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate. This is the first report of a male-produced aggregation pheromone in the genus Megalurothrips. The bean flower thrips is the primary pest of cowpea, which is widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa. The attraction of male and female M. sjostedti to these compounds offers an opportunity to develop ecologically sustainable management methods for M. sjostedti in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliou Niassy
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amanuel Tamiru
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James G. C. Hamilton
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG UK
- Infectious Disease Transmission and Biology Group, Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG UK
| | - William D. J. Kirk
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Roland Mumm
- Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cassie Sims
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Willem Jan de Kogel
- Wageningen University & Research, P. O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nguya K. Maniania
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Krishnakumari Bandi
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Fraser Mitchell
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Aristizábal LF, Moura Mascarin G, Cherry R, Chaves-Cordoba B, Arthurs SP. A Rapid Sampling Plan for Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Container Shrub Rose (Rosa 'Radrazz'). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:2543-2550. [PMID: 27744286 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of simple and reliable pest sampling programs is needed for growers to adopt economic or aesthetic injury levels. We developed a sampling plan for monitoring chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood populations on KnockOut shrub roses under simulated nursery conditions. The distribution of S. dorsalis among different plant structures revealed that most adults and larvae are found on foliar terminals, when compared with buds and flowers. Based on thrips distribution, the third leaf of actively growing terminals was used to determine a sequential sampling model. Thrips had an aggregated distribution, based on Taylor's power law and Iwao's mean crowding index, with both models showing a good fit (i.e., R2 of ∼0.8 and ∼0.9, respectively). Based on these model parameters, the number of samples required to estimate populations with a 10% precision was ∼30 leaves according to Green's and Kuno's enumerative sequential sampling plans. A binomial model also estimated the proportion of infested leaf terminals as a function of insect density with an R2 value of 0.85. An additional study demonstrated that correlation between visual damage to the third leaf terminal and initial thrips populations was modeled by simple power functions. This finding suggests that a more rapid visual sampling of plant damage can be used to indirectly estimate S. dorsalis populations. Our sampling plan provides a tool to monitor S. dorsalis populations that could be used to help make management decisions for this pest in commercial nurseries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Aristizábal
- University of Florida, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Apopka, FL 32703 (; )
| | | | - Ron Cherry
- University of Florida, Everglades Research and Education Center, Belle Glade, FL 33430
| | - Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba
- Washington State University, Prosser Irrigated Agriculture Research & Extension Center, Prosser, WA 99350
| | - Steven P Arthurs
- University of Florida, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Apopka, FL 32703 (; )
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