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Masselink J, Lappe M. Visuomotor learning from postdictive motor error. eLife 2021; 10:64278. [PMID: 33687328 PMCID: PMC8057815 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor learning adapts motor output to maintain movement accuracy. For saccadic eye movements, learning also alters space perception, suggesting a dissociation between the performed saccade and its internal representation derived from corollary discharge (CD). This is critical since learning is commonly believed to be driven by CD-based visual prediction error. We estimate the internal saccade representation through pre- and trans-saccadic target localization, showing that it decouples from the actual saccade during learning. We present a model that explains motor and perceptual changes by collective plasticity of spatial target percept, motor command, and a forward dynamics model that transforms CD from motor into visuospatial coordinates. We show that learning does not follow visual prediction error but instead a postdictive update of space after saccade landing. We conclude that trans-saccadic space perception guides motor learning via CD-based postdiction of motor error under the assumption of a stable world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Masselink
- Institute for Psychology and Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Lappe
- Institute for Psychology and Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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Samuelsson JG, Sundaram P, Khan S, Sereno MI, Hämäläinen MS. Detectability of cerebellar activity with magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2357-2372. [PMID: 32115870 PMCID: PMC7244390 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological signals from the cerebellum have traditionally been viewed as inaccessible to magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). Here, we challenge this position by investigating the ability of MEG and EEG to detect cerebellar activity using a model that employs a high‐resolution tessellation of the cerebellar cortex. The tessellation was constructed from repetitive high‐field (9.4T) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an ex vivo human cerebellum. A boundary‐element forward model was then used to simulate the M/EEG signals resulting from neural activity in the cerebellar cortex. Despite significant signal cancelation due to the highly convoluted cerebellar cortex, we found that the cerebellar signal was on average only 30–60% weaker than the cortical signal. We also made detailed M/EEG sensitivity maps and found that MEG and EEG have highly complementary sensitivity distributions over the cerebellar cortex. Based on previous fMRI studies combined with our M/EEG sensitivity maps, we discuss experimental paradigms that are likely to offer high M/EEG sensitivity to cerebellar activity. Taken together, these results show that cerebellar activity should be clearly detectable by current M/EEG systems with an appropriate experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Samuelsson
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Padmavathi Sundaram
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin I Sereno
- Department of Psychology and Neuroimaging Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.,Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matti S Hämäläinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tunc S, Baginski N, Lubs J, Bally JF, Weissbach A, Baaske MK, Tadic V, Brüggemann N, Bäumer T, Beste C, Münchau A. Predictive coding and adaptive behavior in patients with genetically determined cerebellar ataxia--A neurophysiology study. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:102043. [PMID: 31678909 PMCID: PMC6978209 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetically determined cerebellar ataxias (CA) are a heterogeneous group of disorders with progressive decline of cerebellar functions. The cerebellum influences internal forward models that play a role in cognitive control, but whether these processes are dysfunctional in CA is unclear. Here, we examined sensory predictive coding processes and response adaptation in CA and healthy controls (HC) using behavioral tests with concomitant EEG recordings. N = 23 patients and N = 29 age- and sex-matched HC were studied. Sensory prediction coding was tested with an auditory distraction paradigm and error-related behavioral adaptation with a visual flanker task. As neurophysiological markers we studied different event-related potentials: the P3a for orientation of attention; the N2 and the error-related negativity (ERN) for cognitive adaptation processes/consequences of response errors; error-related positivity (Pe) for error-awareness; the mismatch negativity (MMN) for sensory predictive coding; and reorientation negativity (RON) for reorientation after unexpected events. Overall reaction times were slower in patients compared to HC, but error rates did not differ. Both in patients and HC, P3a amplitudes were larger in distraction trials, but the P3a amplitude was smaller in patients compared to HC. The MMN as well as behavioral and EEG-correlates of response adaptation (ERN/N2) did not differ between groups, while the Pe was attenuated in patients. During sensory predictive coding, RON amplitudes were significantly larger in HC compared to patients. In HC, but not in patients, RON amplitudes were also larger in deviant compared to frequent trials. Processes generating internal forward models are largely intact in genetically determined CA, whereas updating of mental models and error awareness are disturbed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Tunc
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Lubs
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julien F Bally
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Magdalena Khira Baaske
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vera Tadic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Nij Bijvank JA, Petzold A, Balk LJ, Tan HS, Uitdehaag BMJ, Theodorou M, van Rijn LJ. A standardized protocol for quantification of saccadic eye movements: DEMoNS. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200695. [PMID: 30011322 PMCID: PMC6047815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quantitative saccadic testing is a non-invasive method of evaluating the neural networks involved in the control of eye movements. The aim of this study is to provide a standardized and reproducible protocol for infrared oculography measurements of eye movements and analysis, which can be applied for various diseases in a multicenter setting. METHODS Development of a protocol to Demonstrate Eye Movement Networks with Saccades (DEMoNS) using infrared oculography. Automated analysis methods were used to calculate parameters describing the characteristics of the saccadic eye movements. The two measurements of the subjects were compared with descriptive and reproducibility statistics. RESULTS Infrared oculography measurements of all subjects were performed using the DEMoNS protocol and various saccadic parameters were calculated automatically from 28 subjects. Saccadic parameters such as: peak velocity, latency and saccade pair ratios showed excellent reproducibility (intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.9). Parameters describing performance of more complex tasks showed moderate to good reproducibility (intra-class correlation coefficients 0.63-0.78). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a standardized and transparent protocol for measuring and analyzing saccadic eye movements in a multicenter setting. The DEMoNS protocol details outcome measures for treatment trial which are of excellent reproducibility. The DEMoNS protocol can be applied to the study of saccadic eye movements in various neurodegenerative and motor diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Nij Bijvank
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam UMC - VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, MS Center and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - A. Petzold
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam UMC - VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, MS Center and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - L. J. Balk
- Department of Neurology, MS Center and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. S. Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam UMC - VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. M. J. Uitdehaag
- Department of Neurology, MS Center and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Neuroscience Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC - VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Theodorou
- Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - L. J. van Rijn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Center, Amsterdam UMC - VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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D'Innocenzo G, Gonzalez CC, Nowicky AV, Williams AM, Bishop DT. Motor resonance during action observation is gaze-contingent: A TMS study. Neuropsychologia 2017; 103:77-86. [PMID: 28720525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
When we observe others performing an action, visual input to our mirror neuron system is reflected in the facilitation of primary motor cortex (M1), a phenomenon known as 'motor resonance'. However, it is unclear whether this motor resonance is contingent upon our point-of-gaze. In order to address this issue, we collected gaze data from participants as they viewed an intransitive action - thumb abduction/adduction - under four conditions: with natural gaze behaviour (free viewing) and with their gaze fixated on each of three predetermined loci at various distances from the prime mover. In a control condition, participants viewed little finger movements, also with a fixated gaze. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered to M1 and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and right abductor digiti minimi (ADM). Results showed that, relative to a free viewing condition, a fixated point-of-gaze which maximized transfoveal motion facilitated MEPs in APB. Moreover, during free viewing, saccade amplitudes and APB MEP amplitudes were negatively correlated. These findings indicate that motor resonance is contingent on the observer's gaze behaviour and that, for simple movements, action observation effects may be enhanced by employing a fixed point-of-gaze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia D'Innocenzo
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK. Giorgia.d'
| | - Claudia C Gonzalez
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Alexander V Nowicky
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - A Mark Williams
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Daniel T Bishop
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
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Implications of Lateral Cerebellum in Proactive Control of Saccades. J Neurosci 2017; 36:7066-74. [PMID: 27358462 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0733-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although several lines of evidence establish the involvement of the medial and vestibular parts of the cerebellum in the adaptive control of eye movements, the role of the lateral hemisphere of the cerebellum in eye movements remains unclear. Ascending projections from the lateral cerebellum to the frontal and parietal association cortices via the thalamus are consistent with a role of these pathways in higher-order oculomotor control. In support of this, previous functional imaging studies and recent analyses in subjects with cerebellar lesions have indicated a role for the lateral cerebellum in volitional eye movements such as anti-saccades. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we recorded from single neurons in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum in monkeys performing anti-saccade/pro-saccade tasks. We found that neurons in the posterior part of the dentate nucleus showed higher firing rates during the preparation of anti-saccades compared with pro-saccades. When the animals made erroneous saccades to the visual stimuli in the anti-saccade trials, the firing rate during the preparatory period decreased. Furthermore, local inactivation of the recording sites with muscimol moderately increased the proportion of error trials, while successful anti-saccades were more variable and often had shorter latency during inactivation. Thus, our results show that neuronal activity in the cerebellar dentate nucleus causally regulates anti-saccade performance. Neuronal signals from the lateral cerebellum to the frontal cortex might modulate the proactive control signals in the corticobasal ganglia circuitry that inhibit early reactive responses and possibly optimize the speed and accuracy of anti-saccades. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the lateral cerebellum is interconnected with the cortical eye fields via the thalamus and the pons, its role in eye movements remains unclear. We found that neurons in the caudal part of the lateral (dentate) nucleus of the cerebellum showed the increased firing rate during the preparation of anti-saccades. Inactivation of the recording sites modestly elevated the rate of erroneous saccades to the visual stimuli in the anti-saccade trials, while successful anti-saccades during inactivation tended to have a shorter latency. Our data indicate that neuronal signals in the lateral cerebellum may proactively regulate anti-saccade generation through the pathways to the frontal cortex, and may inhibit early reactive responses and regulate the accuracy of anti-saccades.
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Peterburs J, Desmond JE. The role of the human cerebellum in performance monitoring. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 40:38-44. [PMID: 27372055 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While the cerebellum has traditionally been thought of as mainly involved in motor functions, evidence has been accumulating for cerebellar contributions also to non-motor, cognitive functions. The notion of a cerebellar internal model underlying prediction and processing of sensory events and coordination and fine-tuning of appropriate responses has put the cerebellum right at the interface of motor behavior and cognition. Along these lines, the cerebellum may critically contribute to performance monitoring, a set of cognitive and affective functions underlying adaptive behavior. This review presents and integrates evidence from recent neuroimaging and clinical studies for a cerebellar role in performance monitoring with focus on sensory prediction, error and conflict processing, response inhibition, and feedback learning. Together with evidence for involvement in articulatory monitoring during working memory, these findings suggest monitoring as the cerebellum's overarching function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Peterburs
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - John E Desmond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Peterburs J, Cheng DT, Desmond JE. The Association Between Eye Movements and Cerebellar Activation in a Verbal Working Memory Task. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:3802-13. [PMID: 26286918 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been argued that cerebellar activations during cognitive tasks may masquerade as cognition, while actually reflecting processes related to movement planning or motor learning. The present study investigated whether the cerebellar load effect for verbal working memory, that is, increased activations in lobule VI/Crus I and lobule VIIB/VIIIA, is related to eye movements and oculomotor processing. Fifteen participants performed an fMRI-based Sternberg verbal working memory task. Oculomotor and cognitive task demands were manipulated by using closely and widely spaced stimuli, and high and low cognitive load. Trial-based quantitative eye movement parameters were obtained from concurrent eye tracking. Conventional MRI analysis replicated the cerebellar load effect in lobules VI and VIIB/VIIIa. With quantitative eye movement parameters as regressors, analysis yielded very similar activation patterns. While load effect and eye regressor generally recruited spatially distinct neocortical and cerebellar regions, conjunction analysis showed that a small subset of prefrontal areas implicated in the load effect also responded to the eye regressor. The present results indicate that cognitive load-dependent activations in lateral superior and posteroinferior cerebellar regions in the Sternberg task are independent of eye movements occurring during stimulus encoding. This is inconsistent with the notion that cognitive load-dependent cerebellar activations merely reflect oculomotor processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Peterburs
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dominic T Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John E Desmond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Striemer CL, Cantelmi D, Cusimano MD, Danckert JA, Schweizer TA. Deficits in reflexive covert attention following cerebellar injury. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:428. [PMID: 26300756 PMCID: PMC4523795 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally the cerebellum has been known for its important role in coordinating motor output. Over the past 15 years numerous studies have indicated that the cerebellum plays a role in a variety of cognitive functions including working memory, language, perceptual functions, and emotion. In addition, recent work suggests that regions of the cerebellum involved in eye movements also play a role in controlling covert visual attention. Here we investigated whether regions of the cerebellum that are not strictly tied to the control of eye movements might also contribute to covert attention. To address this question we examined the effects of circumscribed cerebellar lesions on reflexive covert attention in a group of patients (n = 11) without any gross motor or oculomotor deficits, and compared their performance to a group of age-matched controls (n = 11). Results indicated that the traditional RT advantage for validly cued targets was significantly smaller at the shortest (50 ms) SOA for cerebellar patients compared to controls. Critically, a lesion overlap analysis indicated that this deficit in the rapid deployment of attention was linked to damage in Crus I and Crus II of the lateral cerebellum. Importantly, both cerebellar regions have connections to non-motor regions of the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices—regions important for controlling visuospatial attention. Together, these data provide converging evidence that both lateral and midline regions of the cerebellum play an important role in the control of reflexive covert visual attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Striemer
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University Edmonton, AB, Canada ; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada ; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Cantelmi
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James A Danckert
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tom A Schweizer
- Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada
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Peterburs J, Thürling M, Rustemeier M, Göricke S, Suchan B, Timmann D, Bellebaum C. A cerebellar role in performance monitoring - evidence from EEG and voxel-based morphometry in patients with cerebellar degenerative disease. Neuropsychologia 2015; 68:139-47. [PMID: 25592368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum applies an internal forward-model to predict the sensory consequences of actions. This forward-model is updated based on on-line performance monitoring. A previous study has shown that performance monitoring is altered in patients with focal vascular cerebellar lesions, but altered neural responses are not paralleled by impaired behaviour, and the critical cerebellar sites have yet to be identified. The present study investigated if saccadic performance monitoring is more severely altered in patients with cerebellar degenerative disease relative to the previously examined patients with focal vascular cerebellar lesions, and which cerebellar regions support performance monitoring. 16 patients and 16 healthy controls performed an antisaccade task while an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Error rates were increased, and the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential (ERP) component associated with error processing/performance monitoring, was reduced while the error positivity (Pe), a later ERP component related to more conscious aspects of error processing, was preserved in patients. Thus, performance monitoring is altered in patients with cerebellar degeneration, confirming a critical role of the cerebellum for fast classification of saccadic accuracy. In contrast to patients with focal lesions, post-acute functional reorganization and compensation presumably is hampered by disease progression, resulting in altered neural processing and impaired behavioural performance. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) indicated the strongest effects for behavioural performance, with correlations between gray matter volume reduction in bilateral posterolateral regions (left Crus II and right lobule VI) and increased error rates. Moreover, somewhat smaller correlations were found for volume loss in left lobule VIIb/VIIIa and right lobule V and ERN amplitude, and in right Crus I and Pe amplitude. The present findings are consistent with involvement of posterolateral cerebellar regions in motor and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Peterburs
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Markus Thürling
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Kokereiallee 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Martina Rustemeier
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuropsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sophia Göricke
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Boris Suchan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuropsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Bellebaum
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Biological Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Nakatani C, Chehelcheraghi M, Jarrahi B, Nakatani H, van Leeuwen C. Cross-frequency phase synchrony around the saccade period as a correlate of perceiver's internal state. Front Syst Neurosci 2013; 7:18. [PMID: 23754990 PMCID: PMC3664768 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2013.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In active vision, eye-movements depend on perceivers' internal state. We investigated peri-fixation brain activity for internal state-specific tagging. Human participants performed a task, in which a visual object was presented for identification in lateral visual field, to which they moved their eyes as soon as possible from a central fixation point. Next, a phrase appeared in the same location; the phrase could either be an easy or hard question about the object, answered by pressing one of two alternative response buttons, or it could be an instruction to simply press one of these two buttons. Depending on whether these messages were blocked or randomly mixed, one of two different internal states was induced: either the task was known in advance or it wasn't. Eye movements and electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded simultaneously during task performance. Using eye-event-time-locked averaging and independent component analysis, saccade- and fixation-related components were identified. Coss-frequency phase-synchrony was observed between the alpha/beta1 ranges of fixation-related and beta2/gamma1 ranges of saccade-related activity 50 ms prior to fixation onset in the mixed-phrase condition only. We interpreted this result as evidence for internal state-specific tagging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Nakatani
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Laboratory for Perceptual Dynamics, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Mojtaba Chehelcheraghi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Laboratory for Perceptual Dynamics, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Behnaz Jarrahi
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsspital ZürichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Hironori Nakatani
- Okanoya Emotional Information Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyWako, Japan
- Emotional Information Joint Research Laboratory, RIKEN Brain Science InstituteWako, Japan
| | - Cees van Leeuwen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Laboratory for Perceptual Dynamics, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
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