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Tang AM, Chen KH, Del Campo-Vera RM, Sebastian R, Gogia AS, Nune G, Liu CY, Kellis S, Lee B. Hippocampal and Orbitofrontal Theta Band Coherence Diminishes During Conflict Resolution. World Neurosurg 2021; 152:e32-e44. [PMID: 33872837 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coherence between the hippocampus and other brain structures has been shown with the theta frequency (3-8 Hz). Cortical decreases in theta coherence are believed to reflect response accuracy efficiency. However, the role of theta coherence during conflict resolution is poorly understood in noncortical areas. In this study, coherence between the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was measured during a conflict resolution task. Although both brain areas have been previously implicated in the Stroop task, their interactions are not well understood. METHODS Nine patients were implanted with stereotactic electroencephalography contacts in the hippocampus and OFC. Local field potential data were sampled throughout discrete phases of a Stroop task. Coherence was calculated for hippocampal and OFC contact pairs, and coherence spectrograms were constructed for congruent and incongruent conditions. Coherence changes during cue processing were identified using a nonparametric cluster-permutation t test. Group analysis was conducted to compare overall theta coherence changes among conditions. RESULTS In 6 of 9 patients, decreased theta coherence was observed only during the incongruent condition (P < 0.05). Congruent theta coherence did not change from baseline. Group analysis showed lower theta coherence for the incongruent condition compared with the congruent condition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Theta coherence between the hippocampus and OFC decreased during conflict. This finding supports existing theories that theta coherence desynchronization contributes to improved response accuracy and processing efficiency during conflict resolution. The underlying theta coherence observed between the hippocampus and OFC during conflict may be distinct from its previously observed role in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Tang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Kuang-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Roberto Martin Del Campo-Vera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rinu Sebastian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angad S Gogia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - George Nune
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles Y Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Spencer Kellis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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