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Ziółkowski A, Kasprowicz M, Czosnyka M, Czosnyka Z. Brain blood flow pulse analysis may help to recognize individuals who suffer from hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:4045-4054. [PMID: 37889335 PMCID: PMC10739525 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is often associated with altered cerebral blood flow. Recent research with the use of the ultrasonic method suggests specific changes in the shape of cardiac-related cerebral arterial blood volume (CaBV) pulses in NPH patients. Our study aims to provide a quantitative analysis of the shape of CaBV pulses, estimated based on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in NPH patients and healthy individuals. METHODS The CaBV pulses were estimated using TCD cerebral blood flow velocity signals recorded from probable NPH adults and age-matched healthy individuals at rest. The shape of the CaBV pulses was compared to a triangular shape with 27 similarity parameters calculated for every reliable CaBV pulse and compared between patients and volunteers. The diagnostic accuracy of the most prominent parameter for NPH classification was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS The similarity parameters were calculated for 31 probable NPH patients (age: 59 years (IQR: 47, 67 years), 14 females) and 23 healthy volunteers (age: 54 years (IQR: 43, 61 years), 18 females). Eighteen of 27 parameters were different between healthy individuals and NPH patients (p < 0.05). The most prominent differences were found for the ascending slope of the CaBV pulse with the AUC equal to 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.77, 0.97, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that in NPH, the ascending slope of the CaBV pulse had a slower rise, was more like a straight line, and generally was less convex than in volunteers. Prospective research is required to verify the clinical utility of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Ziółkowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kasprowicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Czosnyka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Czosnyka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Akyüz ME, Kadıoğlu HH. Evaluation of third ventriculostomy outcome by measuring optic nerve sheath diameter in adult hdyrocephalus. NEUROCIRUGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 33:176-181. [PMID: 35725218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucie.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is difficult to demonstrate the success of the procedure in patients with third ventriculostomy. We evaluated that optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement, which can reflect intracranial pressure, may be a criterion for decision of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) success. METHODS 28 adult patients suffering long overt standing ventriculomegaly (LOVA) who performed ETV were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups as successful (group A) and failed ETV group (group B) according to their postoperative evaluation. ONSD was measured on pre- and post-operative computed tomography (CT) and Evan's index (EI), diameter of third ventricule (V3), the patency of ETV stoma and periventricular edema were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS The mean ONSD was measured as 6.39±0.92mm for the right eye, 6.50±0.91mm for the left eye on preoperative CT. The mean ONSD by CT (after surgery) was 4.89±0.87mm for the right eye, 5.02±0.1mm for the left eye (p<0.05). Postoperative group A and group B were compared according to ONSD measurement; mean ONSD in group A was 4.52±0.69mm for the right and 4.59±0.9mm for the left, mean ONSD in group B was 5.82±0.51mm for the right and 6.1±0.32mm for the left (p<0.05). The best ONSD value for detecting failed ETV was 5.40mm (sensitivity 90%, specifity 75%, AUROC 0.938) for right and 5.91mm (sensitivity 90%, specifity 75%, AUROC 0.950) for left. EE was measured as 0.39±0.12mm on preoperative MRI and 0.39±0.12mm on postoperative MRI (p=0.3). V3 was measured as 14.7±2.47mm on preoperative MRI and 10.47±1.99mm on postoperative MRI (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The statistical values obtained from study show that the ONSD measurement can help in the postoperative evaluation of patients, who had a ETV surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Akyüz
- Siirt Training and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Depertmant, Siirt, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Hadi Kadıoğlu
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurosurgery Depertmant, Erzurum, Turkey
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Urbonas M, Raskauskiene N, Deltuva V, Bunevicius A. Quantitative Evans index estimation using ultrasonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter in supine and upright position. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 164:1755-1764. [PMID: 35595855 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to quantitatively assess Evans index (EI) using ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements in supine and upright position in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) patients. METHODS Ultrasonographically ONSD was measured in a supine and upright position before and 4-5 days after the ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. The changes of the ONSD between supine and upright positions were calculated as ∆ONSD = sONSD-uONSD and as the variation ONSD_V = 100% × [(sONSD - uONSD)/sONSD]. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess associations between EI and the variation of ONSD. We derived the mathematical function to predict EI. Bland-Altman analysis was applied to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the EI prediction. RESULTS Thirteen adult patients (mean age 61.8 ± 11.1 (SD) years; 6 (46%) female) undergone VP shunt implantation for NPH. The mean EI was 0.432 (95% CI, 0.393-0.471) preoperatively and 0.419 (95% CI, 0.373-0.466) postoperatively (p = 0.066). There is a decrease of the ONSD during positional changes from supine to upright position and pre- and postoperative EI correlated with preoperative variation ONSD_V1 (r = - 0.610 and - 0.648, p < 0.05). The mathematical function for preoperative EI estimation was EIpreop = 0.504 - 0.022 × ONSD_V1 + 0.101 × gender (M = 0; W = 1), (Durbin-Watson value = 1.94), and for postoperative was EIpostop = 0.487 - 0.022 × ONSD_V1 + 0.117 × gender; (Durbin-Watson value 2.23). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonographic ONSD measurements in supine and upright position provide a potential method to quantify EI that can be conducted at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Urbonas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Neuroscience Institute of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Nijole Raskauskiene
- Neuroscience Institute of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytenis Deltuva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Neuroscience Institute of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Adomas Bunevicius
- Neuroscience Institute of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Inui T, Haginomori SI, Kajimoto Y, Kuriyama T, Shirai T, Kinoshita I, Araki M, Kawata R. Asymmetry and tuning shift of the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential indicate saccular dysfunction in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 134:43-49. [PMID: 34971940 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) retention on the peripheral vestibular function and the inner ear fluid in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). METHODS In 25 patients with iNPH (14 females, age 65-88 years), cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) was measured before the spinal tap test. The asymmetry ratios (ARs) and tuning properties in 500 Hz and 1,000 Hz short-tone burst stimuli of cVEMP were evaluated. Furthermore, cVEMP was measured in an age-matched control group of 12 non-iNPH patients. RESULTS Seven (28%) iNPH patients exhibited a cVEMP asymmetry (AR > 33%). cVEMP tuning was significantly shifted to a higher frequency in the iNPH group than in the age-matched control group. CONCLUSIONS One-fourth of patients with iNPH had obvious saccular dysfunction. A high rate of a shift in cVEMP tuning in the iNPH group indicated that excessive CSF accumulation propagated to the endolymph and perilymph. SIGNIFICANCE Saccular dysfunction might be one of the possible causes of imbalance in iNPH, and the shift in cVEMP tuning may be a determining factor in the diagnosis and treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Inui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Haginomori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
| | - Yoshinaga Kajimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Kuriyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
| | - Takeo Shirai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
| | - Ichita Kinoshita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
| | - Michitoshi Araki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
| | - Ryo Kawata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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Cho J. Ocular Ultrasound Abnormalities and Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 51:1295-1314. [PMID: 34535331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Indications for, technique, and findings for normal and abnormal ocular ultrasound are discussed, with specific sonographic findings, images, differential diagnoses, and other considerations. Because the eye is a fluid-filled structure, ultrasound can be used as a screening test when pathology prevents direct examination. Structural abnormalities, such as lens luxation, retinal detachments, and intraocular and orbital masses, also may be defined better using point-of-care ultrasound. Details on additional ophthalmic diagnostics, treatment, and prognosis are not covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Cho
- Veterinary Eye Specialists PLLC, 620 Commerce Street, Thornwood, NY 10594, USA. https://www.vesny.com
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Akyüz ME, Kadıoğlu HH. Evaluation of third ventriculostomy outcome by measuring optic nerve sheath diameter in adult hdyrocephalus. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2021; 33:S1130-1473(21)00054-3. [PMID: 34140223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucir.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is difficult to demonstrate the success of the procedure in patients with third ventriculostomy. We evaluated that optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement, which can reflect intracranial pressure, may be a criterion for decision of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) success. METHODS 28 adult patients suffering long overt standing ventriculomegaly (LOVA) who performed ETV were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups as successful (group A) and failed ETV group (group B) according to their postoperative evaluation. ONSD was measured on pre- and post-operative computed tomography (CT) and Evan's index (EI), diameter of third ventricule (V3), the patency of ETV stoma and periventricular edema were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS The mean ONSD was measured as 6.39±0.92mm for the right eye, 6.50±0.91mm for the left eye on preoperative CT. The mean ONSD by CT (after surgery) was 4.89±0.87mm for the right eye, 5.02±0.1mm for the left eye (p<0.05). Postoperative group A and group B were compared according to ONSD measurement; mean ONSD in group A was 4.52±0.69mm for the right and 4.59±0.9mm for the left, mean ONSD in group B was 5.82±0.51mm for the right and 6.1±0.32mm for the left (p<0.05). The best ONSD value for detecting failed ETV was 5.40mm (sensitivity 90%, specifity 75%, AUROC 0.938) for right and 5.91mm (sensitivity 90%, specifity 75%, AUROC 0.950) for left. EE was measured as 0.39±0.12mm on preoperative MRI and 0.39±0.12mm on postoperative MRI (p=0.3). V3 was measured as 14.7±2.47mm on preoperative MRI and 10.47±1.99mm on postoperative MRI (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The statistical values obtained from study show that the ONSD measurement can help in the postoperative evaluation of patients, who had a ETV surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Akyüz
- Siirt Training and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Depertmant, Siirt, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Hadi Kadıoğlu
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurosurgery Depertmant, Erzurum, Turkey
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Dias SF, Jehli E, Haas-Lude K, Bevot A, Okechi H, Zipfel J, Schuhmann MU. Ventriculomegaly in children: nocturnal ICP dynamics identify pressure-compensated but active paediatric hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:1883-1893. [PMID: 33884480 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paediatric ventriculomegaly without obvious signs or symptoms of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) is often interpreted as resulting from either relative brain atrophy, arrested "benign" hydrocephalus, or "successful" endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). We hypothesise that the typical ICP "signature" found in symptomatic hydrocephalus can be present in asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic children, indicating pressure-compensated, but active hydrocephalus. METHODS A total of 37 children fulfilling the mentioned criteria underwent computerised ICP overnight monitoring (ONM). Fifteen children had previous hydrocephalus treatment. ICP was analysed for nocturnal dynamics of ICP, ICP amplitudes (AMP), magnitude of slow waves (SLOW), and ICP/AMP correlation index RAP. Depending on the ONM results, children were either treated or observed. The ventricular width was determined at the time of ONM and at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS The recordings of 14 children (group A) were considered normal. In the 23 children with pathologic recordings (group B), all ICP values and dependent variables (AMP, SLOW) were significantly higher, except for RAP. In group B, 12 of 15 children had received a pre-treatment and 11 of 22 without previous treatment. All group B children received treatment for hydrocephalus and showed a significant reduction of frontal-occipital horn ratio at 1 year. During follow-up, a positive neurological development was seen in 74% of children of group A and 100% of group B. CONCLUSION Ventriculomegaly in the absence of signs and symptoms of raised ICP was associated in 62% of cases to pathological ICP dynamics. In 80% of pre-treated cases, ETV or shunt failure was found. Treating children with abnormal ICP dynamics resulted in an outcome at least as favourable as in the group with normal ICP dynamics. Thus, asymptomatic ventriculomegaly in children deserves further investigation and, if associated with abnormal ICP dynamics, should be treated in order to provide a normalised intracranial physiology as basis for best possible long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra F Dias
- Section of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Elisabeth Jehli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Haas-Lude
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Bevot
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Humphrey Okechi
- Section of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Zipfel
- Section of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin U Schuhmann
- Section of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Holmlund P, Støverud KH, Wåhlin A, Wiklund U, Malm J, Jóhannesson G, Eklund A. Posture-Dependent Collapse of the Optic Nerve Subarachnoid Space: A Combined MRI and Modeling Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:26. [PMID: 33877263 PMCID: PMC8083083 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.4.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We hypothesize that a collapse of the optic nerve subarachnoid space (ONSAS) in the upright posture may protect the eyes from large translamina cribrosa pressure differences (TLCPD) believed to play a role in various optic nerve diseases (e.g., glaucoma). In this study, we combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mathematical modeling to investigate this potential ONSAS collapse and its effects on the TLCPD. Methods First, we performed MRI on six healthy volunteers in 6° head-down tilt (HDT) and 13° head-up tilt (HUT) to assess changes in ONSAS volume (measured from the eye to the optic canal) with changes in posture. The volume change reflects optic nerve sheath (ONS) distensibility. Second, we used the MRI data and mathematical modeling to simulate ONSAS pressure and the potential ONSAS collapse in a 90° upright posture. Results The MRI showed a 33% decrease in ONSAS volume from the HDT to HUT (P < 0.001). In the upright posture, the simulations predicted an ONSAS collapse 25 mm behind lamina cribrosa, disrupting the pressure communication between the ONSAS and the intracranial subarachnoid space. The collapse reduced the simulated postural increase in TLCPD by roughly 1 mm Hg, although this reduction was highly sensitive to ONS distensibility, varying between 0 and 4.8 mm Hg when varying the distensibility by ± 1 SD. Conclusions The ONSAS volume along the optic nerve is posture dependent. The simulations supported the hypothesized ONSAS collapse in the upright posture and showed that even small changes in ONS stiffness/distensibility may affect the TLCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Holmlund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Wåhlin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Urban Wiklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Malm
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gauti Jóhannesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Stevens RRF, Huberts W, Gommer ED, Ertl M, Aries M, Mess WH, Delhaas T. An Automated Algorithm for Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Assessment from B-mode Ultrasound Images. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:724-732. [PMID: 33783910 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a promising surrogate marker for the detection of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). However, inconsistencies in manual ONSD assessment are thought to affect ONSD and the corresponding ONSD cutoff values for the diagnosis of elevated ICP, hereby hampering the full potential of ONSD. In this study, we developed an image intensity-invariant algorithm to automatically estimate ONSD from B-mode ultrasound images at multiple depths. METHODS The outcomes of the algorithm were validated against manual ONSD measurements by two human experts. Each expert analyzed the images twice (M1 and M2) in unknown order. RESULTS The algorithm proved capable of segmenting the ONSD in 39 of 42 images, hereby showing mean differences of -.08 ± .45 and -.05 ± .41 mm compared to averaged ONSD values (M1 + M2/2) of Operator 1 and Operator 2, respectively, whereas the mean difference between the two experts was .03 ± .26 mm. Moreover, differences between algorithm-derived and expert-derived ONSD values were found to be much smaller than the 1 mm difference that is expected between patients with normal and elevated ICP, making it likely that our algorithm can distinguish between these patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Our algorithm has the potential to improve the accuracy of ONSD as a surrogate marker for elevated ICP because it has no intrinsic variability. However, future research should be performed to validate if the algorithm does indeed result in more accurate noninvasive ICP predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul R F Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Huberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erik D Gommer
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Ertl
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Aries
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Werner H Mess
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Jeng BCP, de Andrade AF, Brasil S, Bor-Seng-Shu E, Belon AR, Robertis M, de-Lima-Oliveira M, Rubiano AM, Godoy DA, Teixeira MJ, Paiva WS. Estimation of intracranial pressure by ultrasound of the optic nerve sheath in an animal model of intracranial hypertension. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 86:174-179. [PMID: 33775322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been used as a non-invasive and cost-effective bedside alternative to invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. However, ONSD time-lapse behavior in intracranial hypertension (ICH) and its relief by means of either saline infusion or surgery are still unknown. The objective of this study was to correlate intracranial pressure (ICP) and ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath (ONS) in an experimental animal model of ICH and determine the interval needed for ONSD to return to baseline levels. METHODS An experimental study was conducted on 30 pigs. ONSD was evaluated by ultrasound at different ICPs generated by intracranial balloon inflation, saline infusion, and balloon deflation, and measured using an intraventricular catheter. RESULTS All variables obtained by ONS ultrasonography such as left, right, and average ONSD (AON) were statistically significant to estimate the ICP value. ONSD changed immediately after balloon inflation and returned to baseline after an average delay of 30 min after balloon deflation (p = 0.016). No statistical significance was observed in the ICP and ONSD values with hypertonic saline infusion. In this swine model, ICP and ONSD showed linear correlation and ICP could be estimated using the formula: -80.5 + 238.2 × AON. CONCLUSION In the present study, ultrasound to measure ONSD showed a linear correlation with ICP, although a short delay in returning to baseline levels was observed in the case of sudden ICH relief.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sérgio Brasil
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edson Bor-Seng-Shu
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maira Robertis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Agustín Godoy
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Sanatorio Pasteur. Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Carlos G. Malbran, Catamarca, Argentina
| | | | - Wellingson Silva Paiva
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Samaritano, Americas Serviços Médicos, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Abstract
Die Optikus-Sonografie bildet Papille, Sehnerv sowie dessen perineuralenLiquorraum ab und eröffnet damit u. a. einen diagnostischen Zugang zumintrakraniellen Liquorsystem und dessen Druck(ICP). Auf diese Weise lässt sich eine relevante ICP-Erhöhung über 20 mmHg nicht-invasiv und bettseitig belegen. Mit Einzelmessungen und Verlaufskontrollen hilft die Methode u. a. vor und nach der Etablierung eines invasiven ICP-Monitorings in der Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin sowie bei der Beurteilung chronischer Dysregulationen des ICP.
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12
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Ertl M, Knüppel C, Veitweber M, Wagner A, Pfister K, Wendl C, Baldaranov D, Beck J, Linker RA, Schlachetzki F. Normal Age- and Sex-Related Values of the Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter and Its Dependency on Position and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:3279-3285. [PMID: 32962893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) sonography is a reliable method for evaluation of intracranial pressure, yet there is a lack of reliable normal values. In the study described here, we established normal ONSD values in three different age groups and both sexes. One hundred eighty-seven volunteers without central nervous system disease were enrolled in this prospective study. ONSD measurements were taken in volunteers in the supine and upright positions and after application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Normal ONSD values were 4.9-5.3 mm (patient age range: 20-85), with significant differences between men and women (p < 0.001). ONSD values increased with age (∆ = 0.34 mm, p < 0.001). There were no differences compared with the upright position but application of PEEP led to significantly increased ONSD values (∆ = 0.21 mm, p = 0.008). ONSD values increased with age, correlated well with the width of the third ventricle, were significantly lower in the female cohort and quickly responded to PEEP, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ertl
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Christin Knüppel
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Medbo Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Veitweber
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Medbo Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Medbo Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karin Pfister
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Wendl
- Center for Neuroradiology, Medbo Bezirksklinikum and University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dobri Baldaranov
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Medbo Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Medbo Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Schlachetzki
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Medbo Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Siepen BM, Grubwinkler S, Wagner A, Gruber C, Dickopf A, Linker RA, Schlachetzki F, Baldaranov D. Neuromonitoring Using Neurosonography and Pupillometry in A Weaning and Early Neurorehabilitation Unit. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:631-639. [PMID: 32592294 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Long-term surveillance of intracranial pressure (ICP) in neurological/neurosurgical patients during ventilator weaning and early neurorehabilitation currently relies on clinical observation because neuroimaging is rarely readily available. In this prospective study, multimodal neurosonography and pupillometry are evaluated for follow-up monitoring. METHODS Sonographic neuromonitoring was used to noninvasively examine patients' ICP during weaning and early neurorehabilitation. It allowed assessments of third ventricle width, possible midline shift, middle cerebral artery flow velocities, and bilateral optic nerve sheath diameters. Quantitative pupillometry was used to determine pupil size and reactivity. Other neuroimaging findings, spinal tap ICP measurements, and clinical follow-up data served as controls. RESULTS Seventeen patients-11 suffering from intracranial hemorrhage, four from encephalopathies, and two from ischemic stroke-were examined for ICP changes by using neurosonography and pupillometry during a mean observation period of 21 days. In total, 354 of 980 analyses (36.1%) yielded pathological results. In 15 of 17 patients (88.2%), pathological values were found during follow-up without a clear clinical correlate. In two patients (11.8%), clinically relevant changes in ICP occurred and were identified using neurosonography. Abnormal pupillometry findings displayed a high predictive value for absent clinical improvement. CONCLUSION Multimodal neurosonography may be a noninvasive means for long-term ICP assessment, whereas pupillometry may only detect rapid ICP changes during acute neurointensive care. The study also illustrates common pitfalls in neuromonitoring in general, with large numbers of pathological albeit nonsignificant findings. Additional controlled studies should validate the influence of detected subtle changes in ICP on neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard M Siepen
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Center for Vascular Neurology and Intensive Care, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Grubwinkler
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Center for Vascular Neurology and Intensive Care, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Center for Vascular Neurology and Intensive Care, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine Gruber
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Center for Vascular Neurology and Intensive Care, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dickopf
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Center for Vascular Neurology and Intensive Care, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Center for Vascular Neurology and Intensive Care, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Schlachetzki
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Center for Vascular Neurology and Intensive Care, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dobri Baldaranov
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Center for Vascular Neurology and Intensive Care, Regensburg, Germany
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14
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Schroeder C, Katsanos AH, Ayzenberg I, Schwake C, Gahlen A, Tsivgoulis G, Voumvourakis K, Gold R, Krogias C. Atrophy of optic nerve detected by transorbital sonography in patients with demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:626-632. [PMID: 31814240 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transorbital sonography (TOS) has emerged as promising imaging method for the diagnosis and follow-up of acute optic neuritis (ON). Available studies report an increase in the optic nerve diameter (OND) and the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in the case of a first episode of ON in the affected eye compared to either the contralateral unaffected eye or controls. However, the utility of TOS in the case of recurrent episodes of ON has never been assessed. METHODS In our prospective cohort study, the diagnostic utility of TOS in patients with demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system was assessed, and the association between TOS, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual evoked potentials was examined further. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients with a history of demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (mean age 38.2 ± 14.2 years; 24% with acute ON) were included. No differences in the OND (3.2 ± 0.5 mm vs. 3.2 ± 0.4 mm) and ONSD (5.1 ± 0.8 mm vs. 5.1 ± 0.7 mm) measurements were found between patients with and without acute ON. Papillary swelling was more frequent in patients with acute ON (14.2% vs. 1.5%, P = 0.002). Patients with a history of previous ON were found to have lower OND (P < 0.001) and ONSD (P = 0.007) compared to patients without a history of previous ON. TOS measurements were inversely associated with disease duration and positively correlated with OCT findings. No association with visual evoked potential measurements was found. CONCLUSION No evidence was found for TOS-sensitive differences in the OND and ONSD of patients with demyelinating diseases, according to the presence of acute ON. The association between TOS and OCT measurements deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schroeder
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - A H Katsanos
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Second Department of Neurology, 'Attikon' Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Ayzenberg
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Schwake
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Gahlen
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - G Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, 'Attikon' Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - K Voumvourakis
- Second Department of Neurology, 'Attikon' Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - R Gold
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - C Krogias
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
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15
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Cipriani D, Rodriguez B, Häni L, Zimmermann R, Fichtner J, Ulrich CT, Raabe A, Beck J, Z‘Graggen WJ. Postural changes in optic nerve and optic nerve sheath diameters in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and spontaneous intracranial hypotension: A cohort study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223484. [PMID: 31596889 PMCID: PMC6785073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system. Approximately 30% of patients experience orthostatic headaches. Orthostatic headaches also are a hallmark symptom in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. While the cause of orthostatic headaches in spontaneous intracranial hypotension can be linked to the cerebrospinal fluid loss at the spinal level and consecutively reduced intracranial pressure in the upright position, the cause of orthostatic headaches in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome still remains unknown. The present study examined orthostatic changes of intracranial pressure using dynamic ultrasound of the optic nerve and optic nerve sheath diameter in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, spontaneous intracranial hypotension and healthy subjects. Methods Data was obtained from postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome patients with (n = 7) and without orthostatic headaches (n = 7), spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients (n = 5) and healthy subjects (n = 8). All participants underwent high-resolution transorbital ultrasound in the supine and upright position to assess optic nerve and optic nerve sheath diameter. Results Group differences were found in percentage deviations when changing position of optic nerve sheath diameter (p < 0.01), but not regarding the optic nerve diameter. Pairwise comparisons indicated differences in optic nerve sheath diameter only between spontaneous intracranial hypotension and the other groups. No differences were found between postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome patients with and without orthostatic headaches. Conclusion This study shows that the size of the optic nerve sheath diameter dynamically decreases during orthostatic stress in spontaneous intracranial hypotension, but not in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome with or without orthostatic headaches, which indicates different underlying causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cipriani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Belén Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Levin Häni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raya Zimmermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens Fichtner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian T. Ulrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Raabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Werner J. Z‘Graggen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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16
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Lochner P, Czosnyka M, Naldi A, Lyros E, Pelosi P, Mathur S, Fassbender K, Robba C. Optic nerve sheath diameter: present and future perspectives for neurologists and critical care physicians. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:2447-2457. [PMID: 31367861 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimation of intracranial pressure (ICP) may be helpful in the management of neurological critically ill patients. It has been shown that ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a reliable tool for non-invasive estimation of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) at hospital admission or in intensive care. Less is known about the estimation of increased ICP and usefulness of ONSD in the prehospital setting. The aim of this review was to elucidate both prevailing and novel applications of ONSD for neurologists and critical care physicians. METHODS In this review, we discuss the technique and the novel approach of ONSD measurement, the clinical applications of ONSD in neurology and critical care patients. RESULTS ONSD measurement is simple, easy to learn, and has diverse applications. ONSD has utility for ICP measurement in intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke, meningitis and encephalitis, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). It is also valuable for lesser known syndromes, where an increase of ICP is postulated, such as acute mountain sickness and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. ONSD changes develop in inflammatory or ischemic optic neuropathies. Some papers demonstrate the usefulness of ONSD studies in symptomatic intracranial hypotension. CONCLUSIONS ONSD is a safe and low-cost bedside tool with the potential of screening patients who need other neuroimaging and those who may need an invasive measurement of ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Lochner
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Marek Czosnyka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Naldi
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Epameinondas Lyros
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Shrey Mathur
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Robba
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
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17
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Du J, Deng Y, Li H, Qiao S, Yu M, Xu Q, Wang C. Ratio of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter to Eyeball Transverse Diameter by Ultrasound Can Predict Intracranial Hypertension in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Prospective Study. Neurocrit Care 2019; 32:478-485. [DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Association of optic nerve sheath diameter measurement with hyponatremia in emergency department. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:1876-1879. [PMID: 30622006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigation of association of ONSD with hyponatremia in symptomatic patients. METHODS 89 patients who were diagnosed to have hyponatremia (Na + <135 mmol/L) were prospectively analyzed and compared with 72 patients who have normal serum sodium levels presented to ED at the same time interval. Subjects' demographic properties including age and sex were recorded, as were admission symptoms, serum Na + level, and pre-treatment and post-treatment optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 62.3 ± 17.6 years, and the control group 55.1 ± 20.0 years (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the patient group's pre-treatment and post-treatment OSNDs compared to the controls (p < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the admission sodium level and ONSD in the patient group (p < 0.05). In the pre-treatment period, patients with symptoms had a significantly greater mean ONSD than those without symptoms (0.546 ± 0.068 mm vs 0.448 ± 0.081 mm; p < 0.05). The area under the curve was 0.870; the cut-off level calculated for hyponatremia was 0.49 mm, which had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 81.9%. CONCLUSION Ultrasonic imaging of ONSD measurement in the emergency department appears to reflect changes consistent with ICP changes in hyponatremia and change in serum sodium.
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19
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Mangalore S, Rakshith S, Srinivasa R. Solving the Riddle of "Idiopathic" in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: An Imaging Study of the Possible Mechanisms - Monro-Kellie 3.0. Asian J Neurosurg 2019; 14:440-452. [PMID: 31143260 PMCID: PMC6516003 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_252_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) represent a cluster of typical clinical and imaging findings, with no evident etiological cause noted. In this study, we have proposed a model for IIH and NPH called Monroe-Kellie 3.0 (MK 3.0). IIH and NPH may be entities which represent opposite sides of the same coin with venous system and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as core drivers for both these entities. Materials and Methods IIH and NPH volume data were collected, voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed without normalization, and the distribution of the individual volumes of gray matter, white matter, and CSF was statistically analyzed. Visual morphometry analyses of segmented data were performed, and the findings in routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were noted to build a model for IIH and NPH. Results In IIH and NPH when the volumes were compared with controls, the distribution was similar. Furthermore, the morphometric changes noted in the MRI and segmented volume data were analyzed and the results were suggestive of changes in elastic property of brain causing a remodeling of brain shape and resulting in minor brain shift in the skull vault, and the resulting passive displacement of CSF which has been termed as MK 3.0. Conclusion This model helps to put the clinical and imaging findings and complications of treatment in single perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Mangalore
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Neuroradiology, MSR INS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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20
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Liew BS, Takagi K, Kato Y, Duvuru S, Thanapal S, Mangaleswaran B. Current Updates on Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Asian J Neurosurg 2019; 14:648-656. [PMID: 31497081 PMCID: PMC6703007 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_14_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases which can be treated surgically with favorable outcome. The gait disturbance, cognitive, and urinary symptoms are known as the clinical triad of iNPH. In this review, we have addressed the comorbidities, differential diagnoses, clinical presentations, and pathology of iNPH. We have also summarized the imaging studies and clinical procedures used for the diagnosis of iNPH. The treatment modality, outcomes, and prognosis were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Seng Liew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Center, Tokyo Neurological Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Banbuntane Hotokukai Hospital, Fujita Health University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shyam Duvuru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Velammal Hospitals, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sengottuvel Thanapal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Schapira AHV. Progress in neurology 2017-2018. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:1389-1397. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. H. V. Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; London UK
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22
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Fichtner J, Ulrich CT, Fung C, Cipriani D, Gralla J, Piechowiak EI, Schlachetzki F, Z'Graggen WJ, Raabe A, Beck J. Sonography of the optic nerve sheath diameter before and after microsurgical closure of a dural CSF fistula in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension - a consecutive cohort study. Cephalalgia 2018; 39:306-315. [PMID: 30099952 DOI: 10.1177/0333102418793640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is caused by spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Patients with orthostatic headaches and cerebrospinal fluid leakage show a decrease in optic nerve sheath diameter upon movement from supine to upright position. We hypothesized that the decrease in optic nerve sheath diameter upon gravitational challenge would cease after closure of the leak. METHODS We included 29 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension and refractory symptoms admitted from 2013 to 2016. The systematic workup included: Optic nerve sheath diameter sonography, spinal MRI and dynamic myelography with subsequent CT. Microsurgical sealing of the cerebrospinal fluid leak was the aim in all cases. RESULTS Of 29 patients with a proven cerebrospinal fluid leak, one declined surgery. A single patient was lost to follow-up. In 27 cases, the cerebrospinal fluid leak was successfully sealed by microsurgery. The width of the optic nerve sheath diameter in supine position increased from 5.08 ± 0.66 mm before to 5.36 ± 0.53 mm after surgery ( p = 0.03). Comparing the response of the optic nerve sheath diameter to gravitational challenge, there was a significant change from before (-0.36 ± 0.32 mm) to after surgery (0.00 ± 0.19 mm, p < 0.01). In parallel, spontaneous intracranial hypotension-related symptoms resolved in 26, decreased in one and persisted in a single patient despite recovery of gait. CONCLUSIONS The sonographic assessment of the optic nerve sheath diameter with gravitational challenge can distinguish open from closed spinal cerebrospinal fluid fistulas in spontaneous intracranial hypotension patients. A response to the gravitational challenge, that is, no more collapse of the optic nerve sheath while standing up, can be seen after successful treatment and correlates with the resolution of clinical symptoms. Sonography of the optic nerve sheath diameter may be utilized for non-invasive follow-up in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Fichtner
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian T Ulrich
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fung
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Debora Cipriani
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gralla
- 2 Institute of Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eike Immo Piechowiak
- 2 Institute of Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Schlachetzki
- 3 Department of Neurology, Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Werner J Z'Graggen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,4 Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Raabe
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Beck
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ertl M, Weber S, Hammel G, Schroeder C, Krogias C. Transorbital Sonography for Early Prognostication of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy After Cardiac Arrest. J Neuroimaging 2018; 28:542-548. [PMID: 29883008 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Early prognostication of the outcome in resuscitated post cardiac arrest (CA) patients remains challenging especially if treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Brain edema caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) can indirectly be estimated by transorbital sonography (TOS) taking in account the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). The prognostic value of this easy, safe, and reproducible technique was investigated in this study. METHODS A total of 49 patients, initially unconscious (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤6) after successful resuscitation, were enrolled into this prospective observational study. Sonographic ONSD measurements were performed twice on day of admission (day 0) and once on days 1 and 2 after CA. Beyond ONSD, established prognostic parameters like neuron specific enolase and gray-white matter ratios were assessed. Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score served as outcome parameter. RESULTS A total of 15 (31.3%) patients had a good outcome (CPC-score 1-2), 8 patients (14.6%) had severe disability (CPC-score 3-4), and 26 (54.2%) had a fatal outcome (CPC-score 5). Already in the first measurement on day 0, nonsurvivors showed significantly higher ONSD values (P < .001). For predicting mortality, a threshold of 5.75 mm was calculated with a specificity of 100%. ONSD did not differ significantly depending on hypothermia (P = .7009). CONCLUSION Early and reliable prognostication of outcomes in patients with HIE can be simplified by ONSD values gathered with the use of TOS. Main advantages compared to other established markers are prognostication within the first 24 hours and independence from therapy with hypothermia. A higher level of accuracy can be reached by combining computed tomography (gray-to-white matter ratio values) and ONSD values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ertl
- Clinic for Neurology and Neurophysiology, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Weber
- Clinic for Neurology and Neurophysiology, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Hammel
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany.,CK-CARE, Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy and Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schroeder
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christos Krogias
- Clinic for Neurology and Neurophysiology, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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24
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De Bernardo M, Rosa N. Optic nerve sheath diameter measurement in patients with idiopathic normal‐pressure hydrocephalus. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:e24. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. De Bernardo
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry University of Salerno Baronissi Italy
| | - N. Rosa
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry University of Salerno Baronissi Italy
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