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Davis JG, García-López JM. Arthroscopic findings and long-term outcomes in 76 sport horses with meniscal injuries (2008-2018). Vet Surg 2022; 51:409-417. [PMID: 35178749 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the findings and long-term outcome of 76 sport horses with meniscal injury. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Seventy-six horses with 93 meniscal injuries in 85 stifles. METHODS Medical records of sport horses diagnosed with meniscal injury during arthroscopy were reviewed. Owner follow up was obtained via telephone interview ≥1.5 years postoperatively. Preoperative and intraoperative findings, and postoperative treatments, were analyzed for potential association with return to athletic performance. RESULTS The medial meniscus was involved in 82.8% of cases, with grade 1 injuries diagnosed in 76.3% of menisci. Overall, 85.5% of horses returned to athletic performance, with 40% returning to their previous level. The grade of meniscal injury was associated with long-term outcome (P = .023). The presence of preoperative radiographic abnormalities (P = .259) or additional joint pathology (P = 1.00) was not associated with long-term outcomes. Fifty-nine stifles were treated with an orthobiologic: autologous conditioned serum, platelet-rich plasma, or marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. There was no association between the use of any orthobiologic and long-term outcome (P = .394). CONCLUSION This is the first report on long-term outcome of sport horses with meniscal injuries following arthroscopic surgery. Overall, the long-term prognosis was fair, with 40% of horses returning to their previous level of use. Severity of the meniscal injury was a prognostic indicator for return to work. The presence of radiographic abnormalities or additional joint pathology, or the use of orthobiologics, was not associated with long-term outcome. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings can help in prognostication for sport horses with meniscal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Davis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - José M García-López
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
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Dillenbeck L, Whitcomb MB, Dechant J, Sole Guitart A. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of lateral meniscal rupture in two horses with severe lameness. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Dillenbeck
- William R Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CaliforniaUSA
- North Carolina State University Terry Companion Veterinary Medical Center Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - M. B. Whitcomb
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis California USA
| | - J. Dechant
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis California USA
| | - A. Sole Guitart
- School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
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Jia D, Zhang R, He Y, Cai G, Zheng J, Yang Y, Li Y. Comparative effectiveness of two methods for inducing osteoarthritis in a novel animal model, the Diannan small-ear pig. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:594. [PMID: 34649596 PMCID: PMC8515660 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Varieties of animals were used to study osteoarthritis pathogenesis. The Diannan small-ear pig, which is native to Yunnan, China, is thought to have an articular anatomy similar to that of humans and is more likely to be a source of pathological tissues than other animals. The aim of this study was to determine whether this animal can serve as a more effective osteoarthritis model and explore the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway in the development of Osteoarthritis in animals. Methods Twenty-seven adult pigs were randomly divided into three groups and underwent the Hulth procedure, papain articular injection, and conventional breeding. After 4, 8, and 12 weeks, cartilage tissues from knee joint were extracted for general and histological observation, immunofluorescence, and biochemical analysis. Synovium was taken out for stromal cell-derived factor-1 analysis. Results Histopathological observation showed obvious cartilage loss in two experimental groups, this cartilage loss was more severe in the chemical groups. Synovial stromal cell-derived factor1 levels increased over time in all groups. mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 were much higher in the chemical groups than in the other groups, whereas levels of collagen type II and aggrecan were significantly lower in the chemical groups than in the other groups. Immunofluorescence assays of collagen type II revealed an apparent reduction in this marker in the chemical groups compared with the other groups. Conclusions These results indicated that the Diannan small-ear pig can be used as an effective osteoarthritis model. In addition, it is much more convenient and much faster to induce osteoarthritis by intra-articular injection of papain, which is a method worthy of being promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jia
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, #295, Road Xichang, District Xishan, Kunming, 650000, Yunan, China
| | - Ruixian Zhang
- Department of Environment-Related Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Yinghong He
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, #295, Road Xichang, District Xishan, Kunming, 650000, Yunan, China
| | - Guofeng Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, #295, Road Xichang, District Xishan, Kunming, 650000, Yunan, China
| | - Jiali Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, #295, Road Xichang, District Xishan, Kunming, 650000, Yunan, China
| | - Yuye Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Kunming Angel Woman's and Children's Hospital, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, #295, Road Xichang, District Xishan, Kunming, 650000, Yunan, China.
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Regenerative Medicine for Equine Musculoskeletal Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010234. [PMID: 33477808 PMCID: PMC7832834 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lameness due to musculoskeletal disease is the most common diagnosis in equine veterinary practice. Many of these orthopaedic disorders are chronic problems, for which no clinically satisfactory treatment exists. Thus, high hopes are pinned on regenerative medicine, which aims to replace or regenerate cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. Some regenerative medicine therapies have already made their way into equine clinical practice mainly to treat tendon injures, tendinopathies, cartilage injuries and degenerative joint disorders with promising but diverse results. This review summarises the current knowledge of commonly used regenerative medicine treatments and critically discusses their use. Abstract Musculoskeletal injuries and chronic degenerative diseases commonly affect both athletic and sedentary horses and can entail the end of their athletic careers. The ensuing repair processes frequently do not yield fully functional regeneration of the injured tissues but biomechanically inferior scar or replacement tissue, causing high reinjury rates, degenerative disease progression and chronic morbidity. Regenerative medicine is an emerging, rapidly evolving branch of translational medicine that aims to replace or regenerate cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. It includes tissue engineering but also cell-based and cell-free stimulation of endogenous self-repair mechanisms. Some regenerative medicine therapies have made their way into equine clinical practice mainly to treat tendon injures, tendinopathies, cartilage injuries and degenerative joint disorders with promising results. However, the qualitative and quantitative spatiotemporal requirements for specific bioactive factors to trigger tissue regeneration in the injury response are still unknown, and consequently, therapeutic approaches and treatment results are diverse. To exploit the full potential of this burgeoning field of medicine, further research will be required and is ongoing. This review summarises the current knowledge of commonly used regenerative medicine treatments in equine patients and critically discusses their use.
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Pinsard M, Belley LP, Piau JM, Coté CY, Ibrahim H, Légaré F. Single-scan interferometric second harmonic generation microscopy using a kHz phase-scanner. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:38435-38450. [PMID: 31878611 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.038435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In conventional laser-scanning microscopy, images are formed by acquiring the signal from pixel to pixel. Here, we report more than one order of magnitude reduction in acquisition time of Interferometric Second Harmonic Generation (I-SHG) by scanning the phase within each pixel, to characterize the relative polarity of various samples. Using an electro-optic phase-scanner, we show that the phase-shift patterns required for interferometry can be applied at each pixel during the scanning of the sample, allowing single-scan I-SHG (1S-ISHG) measurements. Requiring exposure times comparable to standard SHG intensity images, the additional phase information of the signal can thus be retrieved in parallel to its amplitude at the time-scale of seconds. Moreover, slower modulations can be used to enhance the precision of the phase measurement, without any spatial or temporal shift between interferograms, in contrast to conventional frame phase-shifting I-SHG (standard I-SHG). This continues to extend I-SHG to dynamical processes, and opens it to large-scale studies, as well as to imaging samples where the signal-to-noise ratio is an issue.
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Maturation of the Meniscal Collagen Structure Revealed by Polarization-Resolved and Directional Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18448. [PMID: 31804577 PMCID: PMC6895152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report Polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation (P-SHG) and directional SHG (forward and backward, F/B) measurements of equine foetal and adult collagen in meniscus, over large field-of-views using sample-scanning. Large differences of collagen structure and fibril orientation with maturation are revealed, validating the potential for this novel methodology to track such changes in meniscal structure. The foetal menisci had a non-organized and more random collagen fibrillar structure when compared with adult using P-SHG. For the latter, clusters of homogeneous fibril orientation (inter-fibrillar areas) were revealed, separated by thick fibers. F/B SHG showed numerous different features in adults notably, in thick fibers compared to interfibrillar areas, unlike foetal menisci that showed similar patterns for both directions. This work confirms previous studies and improves the understanding of meniscal collagen structure and its maturation, and makes F/B and P-SHG good candidates for future studies aiming at revealing structural modifications to meniscus due to pathologies.
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Frazer LL, Santschi EM, Fischer KJ. Impact of a void in the equine medial femoral condyle on bone stresses and peak contact pressures in a finite element model. Vet Surg 2018; 48:237-246. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lance L. Frazer
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas
| | - Elizabeth M. Santschi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine Manhattan Kansas
| | - Kenneth J. Fischer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas
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