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Parvinen K, Ohtsuki H, Wakano JY. Evolution of dispersal under spatio-temporal heterogeneity. J Theor Biol 2023; 574:111612. [PMID: 37659573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical studies over the past decades have revealed various factors that favor or disfavor the evolution of dispersal. Among these, environmental heterogeneity is one driving force that can impact dispersal traits, because dispersing individuals can obtain a fitness benefit through finding better environments. Despite this potential benefit, some previous works have shown that the existence of spatial heterogeneity hinders evolution of dispersal. On the other hand, temporal heterogeneity has been shown to promote dispersal through a bet-hedging mechanism. When they are combined in a patch-structured population in which the quality of each patch varies over time independently of the others, it has been shown that spatiotemporal heterogeneity can favor evolution of dispersal. When individuals can use patch quality information so that dispersal decision is conditional, the evolutionary outcome can be different since individuals have options to disperse more/less offspring from bad/good patches. In this paper, we generalize the model and results of previous studies. We find richer dynamics including bistable evolutionary dynamics when there is arrival bias towards high-productivity patches. Then we study the evolution of conditional dispersal strategy in this generalized model. We find a surprising result that no offspring will disperse from a patch whose productivity was low when these offspring were born. In addition to mathematical proofs, we also provide intuition behind this initially counter-intuitive result based on reproductive-value arguments. Dispersal from high-productivity patches can evolve, and its parameter dependence behaves similarly, but not identically, to the case of unconditional dispersal. Our results unveil an importance of whether or not individuals can use patch quality information in dispersal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Parvinen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland; Advancing Systems Analysis Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan; Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Joe Yuichiro Wakano
- School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan; Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
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2
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Sapage M, Varela SAM, Kokko H. Social learning by mate‐choice copying increases dispersal and reduces local adaptation. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sapage
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Susana A. M. Varela
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Oeiras Portugal
- ISPA—Instituto Universitário Lisboa Portugal
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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3
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Andrade-Restrepo M, Champagnat N, Ferrière R. Local adaptation, dispersal evolution, and the spatial eco-evolutionary dynamics of invasion. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:767-777. [PMID: 30887688 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation and dispersal evolution are key evolutionary processes shaping the invasion dynamics of populations colonizing new environments. Yet their interaction is largely unresolved. Using a single-species population model along a one-dimensional environmental gradient, we show how local competition and dispersal jointly shape the eco-evolutionary dynamics and speed of invasion. From a focal introduction site, the generic pattern predicted by our model features a temporal transition from wave-like to pulsed invasion. Each regime is driven primarily by local adaptation, while the transition is caused by eco-evolutionary feedbacks mediated by dispersal. The interaction range and cost of dispersal arise as key factors of the duration and speed of each phase. Our results demonstrate that spatial eco-evolutionary feedbacks along environmental gradients can drive strong temporal variation in the rate and structure of population spread, and must be considered to better understand and forecast invasion rates and range dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Andrade-Restrepo
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cité Sorbonne, F-750205, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Champagnat
- IECL, CNRS UMR 7502, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, Lorraine, France.,Inria, TOSCA team, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
| | - Régis Ferrière
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U 1043, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences & Lettres University, Paris, F-75005, France.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Interdisciplinary Global Environmental Studies (iGLOBES), CNRS, UMI 3157, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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4
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Grigorkina EB, Olenev GV. Migrations of Rodents in the Zone of Local Radioactive Contamination at Different Phases of Population Dynamics and Their Consequences. BIOL BULL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359018010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Assessing seasonal changes in animal diets with stable-isotope analysis of amino acids: a migratory boreal songbird switches diet over its annual cycle. Oecologia 2018; 187:1-13. [PMID: 29564539 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Tools to study seasonal changes in animal diets are needed to address a wide range of ecological questions. This is especially true of migratory animals that experience distinct environments where diets may be substantially different. However, tracking diets of individuals that move vast distances has proven difficult. Compound-specific isotope analysis has emerged as a valuable tool to study diets but has been little used to study dietary changes of migratory animals. Using this technique, we quantify seasonal variation in the annual diet of a migratory songbird (gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus) and test the hypothesis that migrants change their diet in response to the energetic requirements of different periods of the annual cycle. By measuring δ13C and δ15N values of amino acids from feathers grown on the breeding grounds, blood formed during migration and claw grown on the wintering grounds, we found that migration is associated with greater consumption of fruit, compared to the breeding or wintering periods. This was confirmed by the lower trophic position of blood compared to feather and claw, by a decrease in the δ15N value of the source amino acid phenylalanine in blood as a function of days of stopover, and by the positive correlation between δ15N and δ13C values of phenylalanine in blood, and not in feather or claw. This study illustrates how isotopic analysis of amino acids can contribute to understand food webs, seasonal dietary changes and metabolic routing of nutrients in migratory animals.
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6
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The role of spatial heterogeneity in the evolution of local and global infections of viruses. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1005952. [PMID: 29370194 PMCID: PMC5800656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have two modes spread in a host body, one is to release infectious particles from infected cells (global infection) and the other is to infect directly from an infected cell to an adjacent cell (local infection). Since the mode of spread affects the evolution of life history traits, such as virulence, it is important to reveal what level of global and local infection is selected. Previous studies of the evolution of global and local infection have paid little attention to its dependency on the measures of spatial configuration. Here we show the evolutionarily stable proportion of global and local infection, and how it depends on the distribution of target cells. Using an epidemic model on a regular lattice, we consider the infection dynamics by pair approximation and check the evolutionarily stable strategy. We also conduct the Monte-Carlo simulation to observe evolutionary dynamics. We show that a higher local infection is selected as target cells become clustered. Surprisingly, the selected strategy depends not only on the degree of clustering but also the abundance of target cells per se. Viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus and measles virus can spread through physical contact between infected and susceptible cells (cell-to-cell infection), as well as normal cell-free infection through virions. Some experimental evidences support the possibility that high ability of cell-to-cell infection is selected in the host. Since the mode of spread affects the evolution of life history traits, it is important to reveal what condition favors high ability of cell-to-cell infection. Here we address what level of cell-to-cell infection is selected in different target cell distributions. Analysis of ordinary differential equations that keep track of dynamics for spatial configuration of infected cells and the Monte-Carlo simulations show that higher proportion of local infection is selected as target cells become clustered. The selected strategy depends not only on the degree of clustering but also the abundance of target cells per se. Our results suggest viruses have more chances to evolve the ability of local infection in a host body than previously thought. In particular, this may explain the emergence of measles virus strains that gained the ability to infect the central nervous system.
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7
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Attard CRM, Brauer CJ, Sandoval-Castillo J, Faulks LK, Unmack PJ, Gilligan DM, Beheregaray LB. Ecological disturbance influences adaptive divergence despite high gene flow in golden perch (Macquaria ambigua): Implications for management and resilience to climate change. Mol Ecol 2017; 27:196-215. [PMID: 29165848 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Populations that are adaptively divergent but maintain high gene flow may have greater resilience to environmental change as gene flow allows the spread of alleles that have already been tested elsewhere. In addition, populations naturally subjected to ecological disturbance may already hold resilience to future environmental change. Confirming this necessitates ecological genomic studies of high dispersal, generalist species. Here we perform one such study on golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), Australia, using a genome-wide SNP data set. The MDB spans across arid to wet and temperate to subtropical environments, with low to high ecological disturbance in the form of low to high hydrological variability. We found high gene flow across the basin and three populations with low neutral differentiation. Genotype-environment association analyses detected adaptive divergence predominantly linked to an arid region with highly variable riverine flow, and candidate loci included functions related to fat storage, stress and molecular or tissue repair. The high connectivity of golden perch in the MDB will likely allow locally adaptive traits in its most arid and hydrologically variable environment to spread and be selected in localities that are predicted to become arid and hydrologically variable in future climates. High connectivity in golden perch is likely due to their generalist life history and efforts of fisheries management. Our study adds to growing evidence of adaptation in the face of gene flow and highlights the importance of considering ecological disturbance and adaptive divergence in biodiversity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R M Attard
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chris J Brauer
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Sandoval-Castillo
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leanne K Faulks
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano, Japan
| | - Peter J Unmack
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Dean M Gilligan
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Batemans Bay Fisheries Centre, Batemans Bay, NSW, Australia
| | - Luciano B Beheregaray
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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8
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Saastamoinen M, Bocedi G, Cote J, Legrand D, Guillaume F, Wheat CW, Fronhofer EA, Garcia C, Henry R, Husby A, Baguette M, Bonte D, Coulon A, Kokko H, Matthysen E, Niitepõld K, Nonaka E, Stevens VM, Travis JMJ, Donohue K, Bullock JM, Del Mar Delgado M. Genetics of dispersal. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:574-599. [PMID: 28776950 PMCID: PMC5811798 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a process of central importance for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations and communities, because of its diverse consequences for gene flow and demography. It is subject to evolutionary change, which begs the question, what is the genetic basis of this potentially complex trait? To address this question, we (i) review the empirical literature on the genetic basis of dispersal, (ii) explore how theoretical investigations of the evolution of dispersal have represented the genetics of dispersal, and (iii) discuss how the genetic basis of dispersal influences theoretical predictions of the evolution of dispersal and potential consequences. Dispersal has a detectable genetic basis in many organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. Generally, there is evidence for significant genetic variation for dispersal or dispersal‐related phenotypes or evidence for the micro‐evolution of dispersal in natural populations. Dispersal is typically the outcome of several interacting traits, and this complexity is reflected in its genetic architecture: while some genes of moderate to large effect can influence certain aspects of dispersal, dispersal traits are typically polygenic. Correlations among dispersal traits as well as between dispersal traits and other traits under selection are common, and the genetic basis of dispersal can be highly environment‐dependent. By contrast, models have historically considered a highly simplified genetic architecture of dispersal. It is only recently that models have started to consider multiple loci influencing dispersal, as well as non‐additive effects such as dominance and epistasis, showing that the genetic basis of dispersal can influence evolutionary rates and outcomes, especially under non‐equilibrium conditions. For example, the number of loci controlling dispersal can influence projected rates of dispersal evolution during range shifts and corresponding demographic impacts. Incorporating more realism in the genetic architecture of dispersal is thus necessary to enable models to move beyond the purely theoretical towards making more useful predictions of evolutionary and ecological dynamics under current and future environmental conditions. To inform these advances, empirical studies need to answer outstanding questions concerning whether specific genes underlie dispersal variation, the genetic architecture of context‐dependent dispersal phenotypes and behaviours, and correlations among dispersal and other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Saastamoinen
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Greta Bocedi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique UMR5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher W Wheat
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emanuel A Fronhofer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Garcia
- CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Roslyn Henry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K.,School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH89XP, U.K
| | - Arild Husby
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michel Baguette
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France.,Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Coulon
- PSL Research University, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés, 34293 Montpellier, France.,CESCO UMR 7204, Bases écologiques de la conservation, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik Matthysen
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kristjan Niitepõld
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Etsuko Nonaka
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginie M Stevens
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Justin M J Travis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | | | - James M Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, U.K
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9
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Lakovic M, Mitesser O, Hovestadt T. Mating timing, dispersal and local adaptation in patchy environments. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Lakovic
- Dept of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter, Univ. of Wuerzburg, Fisher Str. 32, DE-97074; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Oliver Mitesser
- Dept of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter, Univ. of Wuerzburg, Fisher Str. 32, DE-97074; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Hovestadt
- Dept of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocenter, Univ. of Wuerzburg, Fisher Str. 32, DE-97074; Wuerzburg Germany
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10
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Tilquin A, Kokko H. What does the geography of parthenogenesis teach us about sex? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150538. [PMID: 27619701 PMCID: PMC5031622 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts that sexual reproduction is difficult to maintain if asexuality is an option, yet sex is very common. To understand why, it is important to pay attention to repeatably occurring conditions that favour transitions to, or persistence of, asexuality. Geographic parthenogenesis is a term that has been applied to describe a large variety of patterns where sexual and related asexual forms differ in their geographic distribution. Often asexuality is stated to occur in a habitat that is, in some sense, marginal, but the interpretation differs across studies: parthenogens might not only predominate near the margin of the sexuals' distribution, but might also extend far beyond the sexual range; they may be disproportionately found in newly colonizable areas (e.g. areas previously glaciated), or in habitats where abiotic selection pressures are relatively stronger than biotic ones (e.g. cold, dry). Here, we review the various patterns proposed in the literature, the hypotheses put forward to explain them, and the assumptions they rely on. Surprisingly, few mathematical models consider geographic parthenogenesis as their focal question, but all models for the evolution of sex could be evaluated in this framework if the (often ecological) causal factors vary predictably with geography. We also recommend broadening the taxa studied beyond the traditional favourites.This article is part of the themed issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Tilquin
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Gyllenberg M, Kisdi É, Weigang HC. On the evolution of patch-type dependent immigration. J Theor Biol 2016; 395:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Evolution of dispersal in spatially and temporally variable environments: The importance of life cycles. Evolution 2015; 69:1925-37. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Berdahl A, Torney CJ, Schertzer E, Levin SA. On the evolutionary interplay between dispersal and local adaptation in heterogeneous environments. Evolution 2015; 69:1390-1405. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Berdahl
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
- Santa Fe Institute; Santa Fe New Mexico 87501
| | - Colin J. Torney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
- Centre for Mathematics and the Environment; University of Exeter; Penryn Campus Cornwall United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Schertzer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
- Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires des Universités Pierre et Marie Curie et Denis Diderot; Paris France
- Collège de France; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology CNRS UMR 7241; Paris France
| | - Simon A. Levin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
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14
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Novak S. Habitat heterogeneities versus spatial type frequency variances as driving forces of dispersal evolution. Ecol Evol 2015; 4:4589-97. [PMID: 25558354 PMCID: PMC4278812 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of dispersal is essential for understanding and predicting the dynamics of natural populations. Two main factors are known to influence dispersal evolution: spatio-temporal variation in the environment and relatedness between individuals. However, the relation between these factors is still poorly understood, and they are usually treated separately. In this article, I present a theoretical framework that contains and connects effects of both environmental variation and relatedness, and reproduces and extends their known features. Spatial habitat variation selects for balanced dispersal strategies, whereby the population is kept at an ideal free distribution. Within this class of dispersal strategies, I explain how increased dispersal is promoted by perturbations to the dispersal type frequencies. An explicit formula shows the magnitude of the selective advantage of increased dispersal in terms of the spatial variability in the frequencies of the different dispersal strategies present. These variances are capable of capturing various sources of stochasticity and hence establish a common scale for their effects on the evolution of dispersal. The results furthermore indicate an alternative approach to identifying effects of relatedness on dispersal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Novak
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
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15
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Evolution in changing environments: modifiers of mutation, recombination, and migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17935-40. [PMID: 25427794 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417664111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and maintenance of genetic and phenotypic diversity under temporally fluctuating selection and the signatures of environmental changes in the patterns of this variation have been important areas of focus in population genetics. On one hand, periods of constant selection pull the genetic makeup of populations toward local fitness optima. On the other, to cope with changes in the selection regime, populations may evolve mechanisms that create a diversity of genotypes. By tuning the rates at which variability is produced--such as the rates of recombination, mutation, or migration--populations may increase their long-term adaptability. Here we use theoretical models to gain insight into how the rates of these three evolutionary forces are shaped by fluctuating selection. We compare and contrast the evolution of recombination, mutation, and migration under similar patterns of environmental change and show that these three sources of phenotypic variation are surprisingly similar in their response to changing selection. We show that the shape, size, variance, and asymmetry of environmental fluctuation have different but predictable effects on evolutionary dynamics.
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