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Alzahrani AYA, Aboelez MO, Kamel MS, Selim HMRM, Alsaggaf AT, Hamd MAE, El-Remaily MAEAAA. Design, spectroscopic characterizations, and biological investigation of oxospiro[chromine-4,3-indolene]-based compounds as promising antiproliferative EGFR inhibitors and antimicrobial agents. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10867-z. [PMID: 38851658 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing microwave heating and an aqueous saturated solution of K2CO3 as a catalyst, a rapidone-pot synthesis of oxospiro[chromene-4.3-indoline] derivatives was produced in high yields. The experimental results confirmed that the saturated solution of K2CO3 gives outstanding yield to dangerous metals and strong bases during investigations into high-performance catalysts. The used catalyst is green, affordable, incredibly mild, and widely accessible. However, it generates samples, reduces the amount of byproducts, and is expected to be used in industrial-scale heterocyclic derivatives. New oxospiro[chromene-4.3-indoline] derivatives have been created from various isatin by condensing with various phenols. The biological activities results showed that when compared to erlotinib, the derivatives 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6b were the most effective analogues on A549, MCF-7, HepG-2, and HCT-116 cells, with an IC50 range of 3.32 to 11.88 µM. In A549 cells, compounds 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6b induced apoptosis, as shown by the up-regulation of Bax, the up-regulation of Bcl-2, and the stimulation of caspase-3 and -9. With IC50 value of 0.19 ± 0.09, compound3b was demonstrated to be the most effective against EGFRWT. Compounds 4b and 6b have good antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus, comparable to ciprofloxacin, and about half as much activity as ampicillin, according to the MIC value. Compound 6b's MIC is about 25% lower than clotrimazole drug. The in silico molecular docking outcomes of compounds 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6b in the EGFR active site depicted their ability to adopt essential binding interactions compared to the reference Erlotinib. Moreover, the investigation of the physicochemical properties of the most promising dual acting antiproliferative and antimicrobial compounds 4b and 6b through the egg-boiled method illustrated acceptable lipophilicity, GIT absorption, and blood-brain barrier penetration characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moustafa O Aboelez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
| | - Moumen S Kamel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Heba Mohammed Refat M Selim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, 13713, Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 35527, Egypt
| | - Azhaar T Alsaggaf
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, 42353, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, 11961, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Salvan da Rosa J, Bramorski Mohr ET, Lubschinski TL, Vieira GN, Rossa TA, Mandolesi Sá M, Dalmarco EM. Interference in Macrophage Balance (M1/M2): The Mechanism of Action Responsible for the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Fluorophenyl-Substituted Imidazole. Mediators Inflamm 2024; 2024:9528976. [PMID: 38405621 PMCID: PMC10894048 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9528976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the treatment of inflammatory conditions has focused on the inhibition of inflammatory mediator production; however, many conditions are refractory to this classical approach. Recently, an alternative has been presented by researchers to solve this problem: The immunomodulation of cells closely related to inflammation. Hence, macrophages, a critical key in both innate and acquired immunity, have been presented as an alternative target for the development of new medicines. In this work, we tested the fluorophenyl-imidazole for its anti-inflammatory activity and possible immunomodulatory effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages. We also evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of the compound, and the macrophage repolarization to M2 was confirmed by the ability of the compound to reduce the M1 markers TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, and TLR4, the high levels of p65 phosphorylated, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression, and the fact that the compound was not able to induce the production of M1 markers when used in macrophages without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Moreover, fluorophenyl-imidazole had the ability to increase the M2 markers IL-4, IL-13, CD206, apoptosis and phagocytosis levels, arginase-1, and FIZZ-1 mRNA expression before LPS stimulation. Similarly, it was also able to induce the production of these same M2 markers in macrophages without being induced with LPS. These results reinforce the affirmation that the fluorophenyl-imidazole has an important anti-inflammatory effect and demonstrates that this effect is due to immunomodulatory activity, having the ability to trigger a repolarization of macrophages from M1 to M2a. These facts suggest that this molecule could be used as an alternative scaffold for the development of a new medicine to treat inflammatory conditions, where the anti-inflammatory and proregenerative properties of M2a macrophages are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Salvan da Rosa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center for Health Sciences, Campus Universitário—Trindade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Talita Bramorski Mohr
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center for Health Sciences, Campus Universitário—Trindade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil
| | - Tainá Larissa Lubschinski
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center for Health Sciences, Campus Universitário—Trindade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Nicácio Vieira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center for Health Sciences, Campus Universitário—Trindade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil
| | - Thais Andreia Rossa
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Campus Universitário—Trindade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcus Mandolesi Sá
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Campus Universitário—Trindade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Monguilhott Dalmarco
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center for Health Sciences, Campus Universitário—Trindade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil
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Facchin BM, Lubschinski TL, Moon YJK, de Oliveira PGF, Beck BK, da Silva Buss Z, Pollo LAE, Biavatti MW, Sandjo LP, Dalmarco EM. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:168-182. [PMID: 37558213 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is a physiological event that protects the organism against different factors that lead to loss of tissue homeostasis. Dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives are heterocyclic compounds known for their different biological activities, including anti-inflammatory activities. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives using anti-inflammatory models in vitro, in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in vivo using the acute lung injury (ALI) model in mice. RESULTS Fifteen compounds derived from 1,4-DHP were tested in RAW264.7 cells for their cytotoxic effect and cell viability. Thereafter, only the six compounds that showed the highest cell viability were tested for the production or inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). The best compound (compound 4) was tested for its anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, showing inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased phagocytic activity, and an increase in IL-10 in vitro. In in vivo tests, compound 4 also reduces the levels of NO, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, leukocyte migration, and exudation, as well as reducing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 and preventing the loss in the lung architecture. CONCLUSION This compound showed important anti-inflammatory activity, with a significant ability to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages and anti-inflammatory mediator secretion (IL-10). These findings led us to hypothesize that this compound can repolarize the macrophage response to an anti-inflammatory profile (M2). Moreover, it was also able to maintain its anti-inflammatory activity in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Matheus Facchin
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Yeo Jim Kinoshita Moon
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Klafke Beck
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ziliani da Silva Buss
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Maique Weber Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Louis Pergaud Sandjo
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Arif N, Shafiq Z, Mahmood K, Rafiq M, Naz S, Shahzad SA, Farooq U, Bahkali AH, Elgorban AM, Yaqub M, El-Gokha A. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Studies of Novel Coumarin-Based 4 H,5 H-pyrano[3,2- c]chromenes as Potent β-Glucuronidase and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28605-28617. [PMID: 35990487 PMCID: PMC9386806 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The search for novel heterocyclic compounds with a natural product skeleton as potent enzyme inhibitors against clinical hits is our prime concern in this study. Here, a simple and facile two-step strategy has been designed to synthesize a series of novel coumarin-based dihydropyranochromenes (12a-12m) in a basic moiety. The synthesized compounds were thus characterized through spectroscopic techniques and screened for inhibition potency against the cytosolic hCA II isoform and β-glucuronidase. Few of these compounds were potent inhibitors of hCA II and β-glucuronidase with varying IC50 values ranging from 4.55 ± 0.22 to 21.77 ± 3.32 μM and 440.1 ± 1.17 to 971.3 ± 0.05 μM, respectively. Among the stream of synthesized compounds, 12e and 12i were the most potent inhibitors of β-glucuronidase, while 12h, 12i, and 12j showed greater potency against hCA II. In silico docking studies illustrated the significance of substituted groups on the pyranochromene skeleton and binding pattern of these highly potent compounds inside enzyme pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arif
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Organic Chemistry Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Organic Chemistry Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Organic Chemistry Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Organic Chemistry Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Naz
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad,
Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Anjum Shahzad
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad,
Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad,
Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Ali H. Bahkali
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yaqub
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Organic Chemistry Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed El-Gokha
- Department
of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia
University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
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