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A Sustainable Integration Approach of Chlor-Alkali Industries for the Production of PVC and Clean Fuel Hydrogen: Prospects and Bangladesh Perspectives. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chlor-alkali industries produce caustic soda (NaOH), chlorine (Cl2), and hydrogen (H2) as primary products. In 2021, the global chlor-alkali market was valued at $63.2 billion. The article evaluates the global aspects of chlor-alkali industries and prospects for Bangladesh. The current production capacity of NaOH from the chlor-alkali industries in Bangladesh is around 282,150 metric tons/year (MT/y). The by-products, chlorine (Cl2) of 250,470 MT/y and hydrogen (H2) of 7055 MT/y, are produced domestically. The local demand of Cl2 is 68,779 MT/y. However, there are no systematic utilizations of the residual Cl2 and vented H2, which threatens the sustainability of the chlor-alkali industries. The article prefigures that a 150,000 MT/y PVC plant can utilize 45.2 % of residual Cl2 of chlor-alkali plants, which would be an economical and environmental milestone for Bangladesh. The residual Cl2 can earn revenue of 908 million USD/y, which can be utilized to import ethylene. For the sustainable utilization of vented H2, production of H2O2, fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) and H2 fuel-cell-based power plant are the feasible solutions. Thus, for the long-term growth of the chlor-alkali industry in Bangladesh and other developing countries, systematic utilization of Cl2 and H2 is the only feasible solution.
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Marzolf NS, Baca DM, Bruce TK, Vega‐Gómez M, Watson CD, Ganong CN, Ramírez A, Pringle CM, Ardón M. Do experimental
pH
increases alter the structure and function of a lowland tropical stream? Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Marzolf
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Dominic M. Baca
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Metropolitan State University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | | | - Mariely Vega‐Gómez
- Department of Applied Ecology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | | | - Carissa N. Ganong
- Department of Biology Missouri Western State University St. Joseph Missouri USA
| | - Alonso Ramírez
- Department of Applied Ecology North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | | | - Marcelo Ardón
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
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Gray C, Hildrew A, Lu X, Ma A, McElroy D, Monteith D, O’Gorman E, Shilland E, Woodward G. Recovery and Nonrecovery of Freshwater Food Webs from the Effects of Acidification. ADV ECOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Litter Decomposition as an Indicator of Stream Ecosystem Functioning at Local-to-Continental Scales. ADV ECOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mulder C, Ahrestani FS, Bahn M, Bohan DA, Bonkowski M, Griffiths BS, Guicharnaud RA, Kattge J, Krogh PH, Lavorel S, Lewis OT, Mancinelli G, Naeem S, Peñuelas J, Poorter H, Reich PB, Rossi L, Rusch GM, Sardans J, Wright IJ. Connecting the Green and Brown Worlds. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420002-9.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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