1
|
Shanker AK, Gunnapaneni D, Bhanu D, Vanaja M, Lakshmi NJ, Yadav SK, Prabhakar M, Singh VK. Elevated CO 2 and Water Stress in Combination in Plants: Brothers in Arms or Partners in Crime? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091330. [PMID: 36138809 PMCID: PMC9495351 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The changing dynamics in the climate are the primary and important determinants of agriculture productivity. The effects of this changing climate on overall productivity in agriculture can be understood when we study the effects of individual components contributing to the changing climate on plants and crops. Elevated CO2 (eCO2) and drought due to high variability in rainfall is one of the important manifestations of the changing climate. There is a considerable amount of literature that addresses climate effects on plant systems from molecules to ecosystems. Of particular interest is the effect of increased CO2 on plants in relation to drought and water stress. As it is known that one of the consistent effects of increased CO2 in the atmosphere is increased photosynthesis, especially in C3 plants, it will be interesting to know the effect of drought in relation to elevated CO2. The potential of elevated CO2 ameliorating the effects of water deficit stress is evident from literature, which suggests that these two agents are brothers in arms protecting the plant from stress rather than partners in crime, specifically for water deficit when in isolation. The possible mechanisms by which this occurs will be discussed in this minireview. Interpreting the effects of short-term and long-term exposure of plants to elevated CO2 in the context of ameliorating the negative impacts of drought will show us the possible ways by which there can be effective adaption to crops in the changing climate scenario.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu L, Hao L, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Ma B, Cheng Y, Tian Y, Chang Z, Zheng Y. The CO 2 fertilization effect on leaf photosynthesis of maize ( Zea mays L.) depends on growth temperatures with changes in leaf anatomy and soluble sugars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:890928. [PMID: 36061776 PMCID: PMC9437643 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the potential mechanisms and processes of leaf photosynthesis in response to elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and temperature is critical for estimating the impacts of climatic change on the growth and yield in crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), which is a widely cultivated C4 crop all over the world. We examined the combined effect of elevated [CO2] and temperature on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, stomatal traits, and biochemical compositions of maize with six environmental growth chambers controlling two CO2 levels (400 and 800 μmol mol-1) and three temperature regimes (25/19°C, 31/25°C, and 37/31°C). We found that leaf photosynthesis was significantly enhanced by increasing growth temperature from 25/19°C to 31/25°C independent of [CO2]. However, leaf photosynthesis drastically declined when the growth temperature was continually increased to 37/31°C at both ambient CO2 concentration (400 μmol mol-1, a[CO2]) and elevated CO2 concentration (800 μmol mol-1, e[CO2]). Meanwhile, we also found strong CO2 fertilization effect on maize plants grown at the highest temperature (37/31°C), as evidenced by the higher leaf photosynthesis at e[CO2] than that at a[CO2], although leaf photosynthesis was similar between a[CO2] and e[CO2] under the other two temperature regimes of 25/19°C and 31/25°C. Furthermore, we also found that e[CO2] resulted in an increase in leaf soluble sugar, which was positively related with leaf photosynthesis under the high temperature regime of 37/31°C (R 2 = 0.77). In addition, our results showed that e[CO2] substantially decreased leaf transpiration rates of maize plants, which might be partially attributed to the reduced stomatal openness as demonstrated by the declined stomatal width and stomatal area. These results suggest that the CO2 fertilization effect on plant growth and leaf photosynthesis of maize depends on growth temperatures through changing stomatal traits, leaf anatomy, and soluble sugar contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Lihua Hao
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Yunxin Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Haoran Zhou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Baoguo Ma
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Yinshuai Tian
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Yunpu Zheng
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ripley BS, Bopape TM, Vetter S. A doubling of atmospheric CO2 mitigates the effects of severe drought on maize through the preservation of soil water. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:607-618. [PMID: 35136917 PMCID: PMC9007090 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Drought limits maize production in many regions of the world, and this is likely to intensify in future. Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) can mitigate this by reducing stomatal conductance and water loss without reducing yield. The magnitude of this effect depends on the interaction of eCO2 and drought severity, but scarce data collected under severe drought conditions limit predictions of future maize production. METHODS We compared the severe drought × eCO2 responses of six maize genotypes from semi-arid and sub-humid growing regions. KEY RESULTS Genotypic differences were apparent in growth, gas exchange, water relations, grain quality, and biomass at maturity, but the response to eCO2 was consistent. Plants under drought and eCO2 had similar biomass and yield to irrigated plants at ambient CO2. Reduced stomatal conductance and water loss preserved soil moisture equivalent to 35 mm of rainfall and allowed sustained photosynthesis at higher rates for a longer period after watering stopped. Under irrigation, eCO2 improved maize growth but not grain yield. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that eCO2 may extend the future land area available to rainfed maize cultivation, but cannot circumvent the absence of seasonal rainfall that restricts maize growth. Elevated CO2 will reduce water requirements of irrigated maize when atmospheric conditions drive high evapotranspiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Ripley
- Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - T M Bopape
- Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - S Vetter
- Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Houska T, Kraft P, Jehn FU, Bestian K, Kraus D, Breuer L. Detection of hidden model errors by combining single and multi-criteria calibration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146218. [PMID: 33689893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental models aim to reproduce landscape processes with mathematical equations. Observations are used for validation. The performance and uncertainties are quantified either by single or multi-criteria model assessment. In a case-study, we combine both approaches. We use a coupled hydro-biogeochemistry landscape-scale model to simulate 14 target values on discharge, stream nitrate as well as soil moisture, soil temperature and trace gas emissions (N2O, CO2) from different land uses. We reveal typical mistakes that happen during both, single and multi-criteria model assessment. Such as overestimated uncertainty in multi-criteria and ignored wrong model processes in single-criterion calibration. These mistakes can mislead the development of water quality and in general all environmental models. Only the combination of both approaches reveals the five types of posterior probability distributions for model parameters. Each type allocates a specific type of error. We identify and locate mismatched parameter values, obsolete parameters, flawed model structures and wrong process representations. The presented method can guide model users and developers to the so far hidden errors in their models. We emphasize to include observations from physical, chemical, biological and ecological processes in the model assessment, rather than the typical discipline specific assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Houska
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - P Kraft
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - F U Jehn
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - K Bestian
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - D Kraus
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - L Breuer
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Asadi M, Eshghizadeh HR. Response of sorghum genotypes to water deficit stress under different CO 2 and nitrogen levels. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:255-264. [PMID: 33223387 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An open-top chamber experiment was conducted in the present study to investigate the growth and biochemical responses of six sorghum genotypes under two irrigation regimes (based on 40% and 75% soil-water depletion) and two N fertilizer levels (0 and 105 kgN ha-1), at two atmospheric CO2 conditions (390 ± 50 and 700 ± 50 μmol mol-1). The results revealed that water limited stress decreased the plant dry weight by reducing the plant leaf area, SPAD value, Fv/Fm, leaf RWC and membrane stability index (MSI), while it increased the specific activity of APX, CAT and POX enzymes, DPPH, LPC, Phe, TSC, H2O2, MDA and EL. The lowest decrease of the plant dry weight due to limited water stress was observed in the GS5 genotype, which was followed by the lowest decrease in the leaf RWC and MSI; also, the highest increase was seen in APX, Phe and TSC, while the lowest one was recorded in EL. Elevated CO2 improved DPPH and Phe under both control and water limited conditions, resulting in the decrease of APX, POX, H2O2 and EL, while a more pronounced effect was observed in the stress conditions. Furthermore, with the application of nitrogen, the reduction in DPPH, H2O2 and MDA values was greater under water limited stress rather than control conditions. It could be, therefore, concluded that the responses of sorghum genotypes to water deficit stress had interaction with atmospheric CO2 concentrations and nitrogen levels; this could be considered in breeding programs as well as planting management of sorghum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Asadi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Eshghizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Toreti A, Deryng D, Tubiello FN, Müller C, Kimball BA, Moser G, Boote K, Asseng S, Pugh TAM, Vanuytrecht E, Pleijel H, Webber H, Durand JL, Dentener F, Ceglar A, Wang X, Badeck F, Lecerf R, Wall GW, van den Berg M, Hoegy P, Lopez-Lozano R, Zampieri M, Galmarini S, O'Leary GJ, Manderscheid R, Mencos Contreras E, Rosenzweig C. Narrowing uncertainties in the effects of elevated CO 2 on crops. NATURE FOOD 2020; 1:775-782. [PMID: 37128059 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-00195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, together with projected variations in temperature and precipitation will determine future agricultural production. Estimates of the impacts of climate change on agriculture provide essential information to design effective adaptation strategies, and develop sustainable food systems. Here, we review the current experimental evidence and crop models on the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations. Recent concerted efforts have narrowed the uncertainties in CO2-induced crop responses so that climate change impact simulations omitting CO2 can now be eliminated. To address remaining knowledge gaps and uncertainties in estimating the effects of elevated CO2 and climate change on crops, future research should expand experiments on more crop species under a wider range of growing conditions, improve the representation of responses to climate extremes in crop models, and simulate additional crop physiological processes related to nutritional quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Toreti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
| | - Delphine Deryng
- NewClimate Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- IRI THESys, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Francesco N Tubiello
- Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research PIK, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bruce A Kimball
- US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Gerald Moser
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas A M Pugh
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eline Vanuytrecht
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heidi Webber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Dentener
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrej Ceglar
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environment LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute of Earth System Sciences, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Franz Badeck
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, CREA-GB, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
| | - Remi Lecerf
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Gerard W Wall
- US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matteo Zampieri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Erik Mencos Contreras
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Rosenzweig
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Impact of Climate Change in West Africa on Cereal Production Per Capita in 2050. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Food security is a crucial issue in the Sahel and could be endangered by climate change and demographic pressure during the 21st century. Higher temperatures and changes in rainfall induced by global warming are threatening rainfed agriculture in this region while the population is expected to increase approximately three-fold until 2050. Our study quantifies the impact of climate change on food security by combining climate modelling (16 models from CMIP5), crop yield (simulated by agronomic model, SARRA-O) and demographic evolution (provided by UN projection) under two future climatic scenarios. We simulate yield for the main crops in five countries in West Africa and estimate the population pressure on crop production to assess the number of available cereal production per capita. We found that, although uncertain, the African monsoon evolution leads to an increase of rainfall in Eastern Sahel and a decrease in Western Sahel under the RCP8.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) scenario from IPCC, leading to the higher temperature increase by the end of the 21st century. With regard to the abundance of food for the inhabitants, all the scenarios in each country show that in 2050, local agricultural production will be below 50 kg per capita. This situation can have impact on crop import and regional migration.
Collapse
|
8
|
Padhan BK, Sathee L, Meena HS, Adavi SB, Jha SK, Chinnusamy V. CO 2 Elevation Accelerates Phenology and Alters Carbon/Nitrogen Metabolism vis-à-vis ROS Abundance in Bread Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1061. [PMID: 32765552 PMCID: PMC7379427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is an important staple food crop of the world and it accounts for 18-20% of human dietary protein. Recent reports suggest that CO2 elevation (CE) reduces grain protein and micronutrient content. In our earlier study, it was found that the enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) and the concomitant decrease in transcript abundance as well as activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and high affinity nitrate transporters (HATS) resulted in CE-mediated decrease in N metabolites in wheat seedlings. In the current study, two bread wheat genotypes Gluyas Early and B.T. Schomburgk differing in nitrate uptake and assimilation properties were evaluated for their response to CE. To understand the impact of low (LN), optimal (ON) and high (HN) nitrogen supply on plant growth, phenology, N and C metabolism, ROS and RNS signaling and yield, plants were evaluated under short term (hydroponics experiment) and long term (pot experiment) CE. CE improved growth, altered N assimilation, C/N ratio, N use efficiency (NUE) in B.T. Schomburgk. In general, CE decreased shoot N concentration and grain protein concentration in wheat irrespective of N supply. CE accelerated phenology and resulted in early flowering of both the wheat genotypes. Plants grown under CE showed higher levels of nitrosothiol and ROS, mainly under optimal and high nitrogen supply. Photorespiratory ammonia assimilating genes were down regulated by CE, whereas, expression of nitrate transporter/NPF genes were differentially regulated between genotypes by CE under different N availability. The response to CE was dependent on N supply as well as genotype. Hence, N fertilizer recommendation needs to be revised based on these variables for improving plant responses to N fertilization under a future CE scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birendra K. Padhan
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari S. Meena
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep B. Adavi
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra K. Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yadav S, Rathore MS, Mishra A. The Pyruvate-Phosphate Dikinase (C 4- SmPPDK) Gene From Suaeda monoica Enhances Photosynthesis, Carbon Assimilation, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in a C 3 Plant Under Elevated CO 2 Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:345. [PMID: 32373137 PMCID: PMC7186359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A pyruvate-phosphate dikinase (C4-PPDK) gene was cloned from Suaeda monoica, which had a single-cell C4 photosynthesis pathway without Kranz anatomy and was functionally validated in a C3 model plant under different abiotic stress conditions in an ambient and elevated CO2 environment. Overexpression of SmPPDK promoted growth of C3 transgenic plants, enhancing their photosynthesis (CO2 assimilation) by lowering photorespiration under stress conditions. Transgenic plants also showed an improved physiological status, with higher relative water content (RWC), membrane integrity, concentration of glycine betaine, total soluble sugars, free amino acids, polyphenols and antioxidant activity, and lower electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, free radical accumulation, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), compared to control plants. Moreover, SmPPDK transgenic plants exhibited earlier flowering and higher dry biomass compared to controls. These results suggested that the C4-PPDK gene was appropriate for improvement of carbon assimilation, and it also played an important role in adaption to salinity and severe drought-induced stress. More intriguingly, an elevated CO2 environment alleviated the adverse effects of abiotic stress, particularly caused by drought through coordination of osmoprotectants and antioxidant defense systems. The molecular, physiological, metabolic, and biochemical indicators ameliorated the overall performance of model C3 plants overexpressing the C4-PPDK gene in an elevated CO2 environment, by lowering photorespiration metabolic processes, however, further studies are needed to confirm its precise role in C3 plants as protection against future climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
| |
Collapse
|