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González-Vila A, Luengo-Mateos M, Silveira-Loureiro M, Garrido-Gil P, Ohinska N, González-Domínguez M, Labandeira-García JL, García-Cáceres C, López M, Barca-Mayo O. Astrocytic insulin receptor controls circadian behavior via dopamine signaling in a sexually dimorphic manner. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8175. [PMID: 38071352 PMCID: PMC10710518 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian circadian clocks respond to feeding and light cues, adjusting internal rhythms with day/night cycles. Astrocytes serve as circadian timekeepers, driving daily physiological rhythms; however, it's unknown how they ensure precise cycle-to-cycle rhythmicity. This is critical for understanding why mistimed or erratic feeding, as in shift work, disrupts circadian physiology- a condition linked to type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we show that astrocytic insulin signaling sets the free-running period of locomotor activity in female mice and food entrainment in male mice. Additionally, ablating the insulin receptor in hypothalamic astrocytes alters cyclic energy homeostasis differently in male and female mice. Remarkably, the mutants exhibit altered dopamine metabolism, and the pharmacological modulation of dopaminergic signaling partially restores distinct circadian traits in both male and female mutant mice. Our findings highlight the role of astrocytic insulin-dopaminergic signaling in conveying time-of-feeding or lighting cues to the astrocyte clock, thus governing circadian behavior in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía González-Vila
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- NeurObesity Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Luengo-Mateos
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Silveira-Loureiro
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- NeurObesity Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Department of Morphological Science, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nataliia Ohinska
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Marco González-Domínguez
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Labandeira-García
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Department of Morphological Science, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich & German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Olga Barca-Mayo
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Saiz N, Velasco C, de Pedro N, Soengas JL, Isorna E. Insulin Controls Clock Gene Expression in the Liver of Goldfish Probably via Pi3k/Akt Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11897. [PMID: 37569272 PMCID: PMC10418410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver circadian clock plays a pivotal role in driving metabolic rhythms, being primarily entrained by the feeding schedule, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of insulin as an intake signal mediating liver entrainment in fish. To achieve this, the expression of clock genes, which form the molecular basis of endogenous oscillators, was analyzed in goldfish liver explants treated with insulin. The presence of insulin directly increased the abundance of per1a and per2 transcripts in the liver. The dependency of protein translation for such insulin effects was evaluated using cycloheximide, which revealed that intermediate protein translation is seemingly unnecessary for the observed insulin actions. Furthermore, the putative interaction between insulin and glucocorticoid signaling in the liver was examined, with the results suggesting that both hormones exert their effects by independent mechanisms. Finally, to investigate the specific pathways involved in the insulin effects, inhibitors targeting PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK were employed. Notably, inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway prevented the induction of per genes by insulin, supporting its involvement in this process. Together, these findings suggest a role of insulin in fish as a key element of the multifactorial system that entrains the liver clock to the feeding schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Saiz
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (N.d.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.V.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.V.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Nuria de Pedro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (N.d.P.)
| | - José Luis Soengas
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.V.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Esther Isorna
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (N.d.P.)
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3
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Duan J, Greenberg EN, Karri SS, Andersen B. The circadian clock and diseases of the skin. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2413-2436. [PMID: 34535902 PMCID: PMC8515909 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organisms have an evolutionarily conserved internal rhythm that helps them anticipate and adapt to daily changes in the environment. Synchronized to the light-dark cycle with a period of around 24 hours, the timing of the circadian clock is set by light-triggering signals sent from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Other inputs, including food intake, exercise, and temperature, also affect clocks in peripheral tissues, including skin. Here, we review the intricate interplay between the core clock network and fundamental physiological processes in skin such as homeostasis, regeneration, and immune- and stress responses. We illustrate the effect of feeding time on the skin circadian clock and skin functions, a previously overlooked area of research. We then discuss works that relate the circadian clock and its disruption to skin diseases, including skin cancer, sunburn, hair loss, aging, infections, inflammatory skin diseases, and wound healing. Finally, we highlight the promise of circadian medicine for skin disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Duan
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Elyse Noelani Greenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Satya Swaroop Karri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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4
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Tuvia N, Pivovarova-Ramich O, Murahovschi V, Lück S, Grudziecki A, Ost AC, Kruse M, Nikiforova VJ, Osterhoff M, Gottmann P, Gögebakan Ö, Sticht C, Gretz N, Schupp M, Schürmann A, Rudovich N, Pfeiffer AFH, Kramer A. Insulin Directly Regulates the Circadian Clock in Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2021; 70:1985-1999. [PMID: 34226282 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a key metabolic organ which functions are rhythmically regulated by an endogenous circadian clock. Feeding is a "zeitgeber" aligning the clock in AT with the external time, but mechanisms of this regulation remain largely unclear. We tested the hypothesis that postprandial changes of the hormone insulin directly entrain circadian clocks in AT and investigated a transcriptional-dependent mechanism of this regulation. We analyzed gene expression in subcutaneous AT (SAT) of obese subjects collected before and after the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp or control saline infusion (SC). The expressions of core clock genes PER2, PER3, and NR1D1 in SAT were differentially changed upon insulin and saline infusion, suggesting insulin-dependent clock regulation. In human stem cell-derived adipocytes, mouse 3T3-L1 cells, and AT explants from mPer2Luc knockin mice, insulin induced a transient increase of the Per2 mRNA and protein expression, leading to the phase shift of circadian oscillations, with similar effects for Per1 Insulin effects were dependent on the region between -64 and -43 in the Per2 promoter but not on CRE and E-box elements. Our results demonstrate that insulin directly regulates circadian clocks in AT and isolated adipocytes, thus representing a primary mechanism of feeding-induced AT clock entrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Tuvia
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Reseach Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Veronica Murahovschi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Lück
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Grudziecki
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Catrin Ost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michael Kruse
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria J Nikiforova
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Martin Osterhoff
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Özlem Gögebakan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Spital Bülach, Bülach, Switzerland
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
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5
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The Impact of the Circadian Clock on Skin Physiology and Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116112. [PMID: 34204077 PMCID: PMC8201366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are growing in incidence worldwide and are primarily caused by exposures to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of sunlight. UV radiation induces the formation of photoproducts and other lesions in DNA that if not removed by DNA repair may lead to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Though the factors that cause skin carcinogenesis are reasonably well understood, studies over the past 10–15 years have linked the timing of UV exposure to DNA repair and skin carcinogenesis and implicate a role for the body’s circadian clock in UV response and disease risk. Here we review what is known about the skin circadian clock, how it affects various aspects of skin physiology, and the factors that affect circadian rhythms in the skin. Furthermore, the molecular understanding of the circadian clock has led to the development of small molecules that target clock proteins; thus, we discuss the potential use of such compounds for manipulating circadian clock-controlled processes in the skin to modulate responses to UV radiation and mitigate cancer risk.
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6
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Ogata H, Horie M, Kayaba M, Tanaka Y, Ando A, Park I, Zhang S, Yajima K, Shoda JI, Omi N, Kaneko M, Kiyono K, Satoh M, Tokuyama K. Skipping Breakfast for 6 Days Delayed the Circadian Rhythm of the Body Temperature without Altering Clock Gene Expression in Human Leukocytes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092797. [PMID: 32932677 PMCID: PMC7551061 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakfast is often described as “the most important meal of the day” and human studies have revealed that post-prandial responses are dependent on meal timing, but little is known of the effects of meal timing per se on human circadian rhythms. We evaluated the effects of skipping breakfast for 6 days on core body temperature, dim light melatonin onset, heart rate variability, and clock gene expression in 10 healthy young men, with a repeated-measures design. Subjects were provided an isocaloric diet three times daily (3M) or two times daily (2M, i.e., breakfast skipping condition) over 6 days. Compared with the 3M condition, the diurnal rhythm of the core body temperature in the 2M condition was delayed by 42.0 ± 16.2 min (p = 0.038). On the other hand, dim light melatonin onset, heart rate variability, and clock gene expression were not affected in the 2M condition. Skipping breakfast for 6 days caused a phase delay in the core body temperature in healthy young men, even though the sleep–wake cycle remained unchanged. Chronic effects of skipping breakfast on circadian rhythms remain to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Ogata
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-82-424-6589
| | - Masaki Horie
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.A.); (J.-i.S.); (N.O.)
| | - Momoko Kayaba
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, 5-10-10 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan;
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.A.); (J.-i.S.); (N.O.)
| | - Akira Ando
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.A.); (J.-i.S.); (N.O.)
| | - Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan; (I.P.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Simeng Zhang
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan; (I.P.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Katsuhiko Yajima
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan;
| | - Jun-ichi Shoda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.A.); (J.-i.S.); (N.O.)
| | - Naomi Omi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.T.); (A.A.); (J.-i.S.); (N.O.)
| | - Miki Kaneko
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Makoto Satoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan; (I.P.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan; (I.P.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (K.T.)
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7
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Abstract
In this highly digitalized era, sleep disorders are becoming more common and are associated with an increased burden of chronic disease. Shift workers are at an increased risk for both sleep disorders and metabolic syndrome. In this article, the authors outline the connection between circadian discordance, hormonal imbalance, and the development of metabolic syndrome in shift workers. Based on a literature review of animal model studies, observational studies, and clinical trials conducted between August and October of 2018, the authors offer several clinical interventions, including work schedules, light therapy, medications, and dietary habits to improve the circadian synchronicity of shift workers and reduce their risk of morbidity and mortality. It is important for physicians to be familiar with the consequences of shift work and ways to mitigate the risks for this patient population.
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8
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Zhang S, Dai M, Wang X, Jiang SH, Hu LP, Zhang XL, Zhang ZG. Signalling entrains the peripheral circadian clock. Cell Signal 2020; 69:109433. [PMID: 31982551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, 24-h rhythms of behaviour and physiology are regulated by the circadian clock. The circadian clock is controlled by a central clock in the brain's suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that synchronizes peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues. Clock genes in the SCN are primarily entrained by light. Increasing evidence has shown that peripheral clocks are also regulated by light and hormones independent of the SCN. How the peripheral clocks deal with internal signals is dependent on the relevance of a specific cue to a specific tissue. In different tissues, most genes that are under circadian control are not overlapping, revealing the tissue-specific control of peripheral clocks. We will discuss how different signals control the peripheral clocks in different peripheral tissues, such as the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas, and discuss the organ-to-organ communication between the peripheral clocks at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Dai
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Abstract
During sleep, animals do not eat, reproduce or forage. Sleeping animals are vulnerable to predation. Yet, the persistence of sleep despite evolutionary pressures, and the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation, indicate that sleep serves a function or functions that cannot easily be bypassed. Recent research demonstrates sleep to be phylogenetically far more pervasive than previously appreciated; it is possible that the very first animals slept. Here, we give an overview of sleep across various species, with the aim of determining its original purpose. Sleep exists in animals without cephalized nervous systems and can be influenced by non-neuronal signals, including those associated with metabolic rhythms. Together, these observations support the notion that sleep serves metabolic functions in neural and non-neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and the Program for Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew S Kayser
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and the Program for Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Raizen
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and the Program for Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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The Cancer Clock Is (Not) Ticking: Links between Circadian Rhythms and Cancer. Clocks Sleep 2019; 1:435-458. [PMID: 33089179 PMCID: PMC7445810 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep1040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate many physiological and behavioral processes, including sleep, metabolism and cell division, which have a 24-h oscillation pattern. Rhythmicity is generated by a transcriptional–translational feedback loop in individual cells, which are synchronized by the central pacemaker in the brain and external cues. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that disruption of these rhythms can increase both tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Environmental changes (shift work, jet lag, exposure to light at night), mutations in circadian regulating genes, and changes to clock gene expression are recognized forms of disruption and are associated with cancer risk and/or cancer progression. Experimental data in animals and cell cultures further supports the role of the cellular circadian clock in coordinating cell division and DNA repair, and disrupted cellular clocks accelerate cancer cell growth. This review will summarize studies linking circadian disruption to cancer biology and explore how such disruptions may be further altered by common characteristics of tumors including hypoxia and acidosis. We will highlight how circadian rhythms might be exploited for cancer drug development, including how delivery of current chemotherapies may be enhanced using chronotherapy. Understanding the role of circadian rhythms in carcinogenesis and tumor progression will enable us to better understand causes of cancer and how to treat them.
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Riganello F, Napoletano G, Cortese MD, Arcuri F, Solano A, Lucca LF, Tonin P, Soddu A. What impact can hospitalization environment produce on the ANS functioning in patients with Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome? - 24-hour monitoring. Brain Inj 2019; 33:1347-1353. [PMID: 31335209 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1641841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Studies showed that the recovery of patients with Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) is also correlated to the recovery of circadian rhythms. In this study, we observed the correlations between patients with UWS biometrical and ambient parameters. Methods: A dedicated monitoring system was realized to record and correlate the level of noise and luminosity with biometric Heart Rate (HR), Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Breath Rate (BR) parameters. Eleven patients with UWS were recruited and monitored for 13 ± 7 days. Correlation of ambient and biometric parameters was analyzed by Spearman's test. Wilcoxon's test was used to compare the biometric parameters in two different moments of daily activity in the rehabilitation unit (night and day). Patients showed a moderate negative or positive correlation between biometric and ambient parameters. Results: Significant differences between night and morning (0.0001 < p ≤ 0.001) were found for HR, HRV and BR in seven, five and four patients, respectively, at Wilcoxon's test. HR and BR were higher during the night while HRV was lower. Conclusion: In patients with UWS, lower HRV and higher HR and BR during the night might be indicative of interference in sleep/wake cycles. The modifications of the environment surrounding the patient due to the unit procedures of the staff and/or some interaction modalities of the relatives may have an effect on residual endogenous mechanisms of self-regulation. However, differences between night and day in the biometrical parameters are not necessarily linked to the changes in the environment care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Riganello
- a Reseach in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), S.Anna Institute , Crotone , Italy
| | - G Napoletano
- b Department of Engineering, Modelling, Electronics and Systemistics, University of Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende (CS) , Italy
| | - M D Cortese
- a Reseach in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), S.Anna Institute , Crotone , Italy
| | - F Arcuri
- a Reseach in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), S.Anna Institute , Crotone , Italy
| | - A Solano
- b Department of Engineering, Modelling, Electronics and Systemistics, University of Calabria , Arcavacata di Rende (CS) , Italy
| | - L F Lucca
- a Reseach in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), S.Anna Institute , Crotone , Italy
| | - P Tonin
- a Reseach in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), S.Anna Institute , Crotone , Italy
| | - A Soddu
- c Brain and Mind Institute, Physics and Astronomy Department, Western University , London , ON , Canada
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Haraguchi A, Komada Y, Inoue Y, Shibata S. Correlation among clock gene expression rhythms, sleep quality, and meal conditions in delayed sleep-wake phase disorder and night eating syndrome. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:770-783. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1585366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Haraguchi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Komada
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Liberal Arts, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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