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Lazo PA. Nuclear functions regulated by the VRK1 kinase. Nucleus 2024; 15:2353249. [PMID: 38753965 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2353249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In the nucleus, the VRK1 Ser-Thr kinase is distributed in nucleoplasm and chromatin, where it has different roles. VRK1 expression increases in response to mitogenic signals. VRK1 regulates cyclin D1 expression at G0 exit and facilitates chromosome condensation at the end of G2 and G2/M progression to mitosis. These effects are mediated by the phosphorylation of histone H3 at Thr3 by VRK1, and later in mitosis by haspin. VRK1 regulates the apigenetic patterns of histones in processes requiring chromating remodeling, such as transcription, replication and DNA repair. VRK1 is overexpressed in tumors, facilitating tumor progression and resistance to genotoxic treatments. VRK1 also regulates the organization of Cajal bodies assembled on coilin, which are necessary for the assembly of different types of RNP complexes. VRK1 pathogenic variants cuase defects in Cajal bodies, functionally altering neurons with long axons and leading to neurological diseases, such as amyotrophic laterla sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, distal hereditay motor neuropathies and Charcot-Marie-Tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Lazo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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2
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Dissecting the roles of Haspin and VRK1 in histone H3 phosphorylation during mitosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11210. [PMID: 35778595 PMCID: PMC9249732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases that phosphorylate histones are ideally-placed to influence the behavior of chromosomes during cell division. Indeed, a number of conserved histone phosphorylation events occur prominently during mitosis and meiosis in most eukaryotes, including on histone H3 at threonine-3 (H3T3ph). At least two kinases, Haspin and VRK1 (NHK-1/ballchen in Drosophila), have been proposed to carry out this modification. Phosphorylation of H3 by Haspin has defined roles in mitosis, but the significance of VRK1 activity towards histones in dividing cells has been unclear. Here, using in vitro kinase assays, KiPIK screening, RNA interference, and CRISPR/Cas9 approaches, we were unable to substantiate a direct role for VRK1, or its paralogue VRK2, in the phosphorylation of threonine-3 or serine-10 of Histone H3 in mitosis, although loss of VRK1 did slow cell proliferation. We conclude that the role of VRKs, and their more recently identified association with neuromuscular disease and importance in cancers of the nervous system, are unlikely to involve mitotic histone kinase activity. In contrast, Haspin is required to generate H3T3ph during mitosis.
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Yoneda M, Yasui K, Nakagawa T, Hattori N, Ito T. Nucleosome assembly protein 1 (NAP-1) is a regulator of histone H1 acetylation. J Biochem 2021; 170:763-773. [PMID: 34551067 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of histone H1 is generally considered to activate transcription, whereas deacetylation of H1 represses transcription. However, the precise mechanism of the acetylation is unknown. Here, using chromatography, we identified nucleosome assembly protein 1 (NAP-1) as having inhibitory activity against histone H1 acetylation by acetyltransferase p300. We found that native NAP-1 interacts with H1 in a Drosophila crude extract. We also found that it inhibits the deacetylation of histone H1 by histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). The core histones in nucleosomes were acetylated in a GAL4-VP16 transcriptional activator-dependent manner in vitro. This acetylation was strongly repressed by hypoacetylated H1 but to a lesser extent by hyperacetylated H1. Consistent with these findings, a micrococcal nuclease assay indicated that hypoacetylated H1, which represses activator-dependent acetylation, was incorporated into chromatin, whereas hyperacetylated H1 was not. To determine the contribution of NAP-1 to transcriptional regulation in vivo, we compared NAP-1 knockdown (KD) with coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP) KD using RNA sequencing in Drosophila Schneider 2 cells. Most genes were downregulated rather than upregulated by NAP-1 KD, and those downregulated genes were also downregulated by CBP KD. Our results suggest that NAP-1 plays a role in transcriptional regulation by fine-tuning the acetylation of histone H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yoneda
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasui
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takeya Nakagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.,Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Sarkar S, Sahoo PK, Mahata S, Pal R, Ghosh D, Mistry T, Ghosh S, Bera T, Nasare VD. Mitotic checkpoint defects: en route to cancer and drug resistance. Chromosome Res 2021; 29:131-144. [PMID: 33409811 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-020-09646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Loss of mitosis regulation is a common feature of malignant cells that leads to aberrant cell division with inaccurate chromosome segregation. The mitotic checkpoint is responsible for faithful transmission of genetic material to the progeny. Defects in this checkpoint, such as mutations and changes in gene expression, lead to abnormal chromosome content or aneuploidy that may facilitate cancer development. Furthermore, a defective checkpoint response is indicated in the development of drug resistance to microtubule poisons that are used in treatment of various blood and solid cancers for several decades. Mitotic slippage and senescence are important cell fates that occur even with an active mitotic checkpoint and are held responsible for the resistance. However, contradictory findings in both the scenarios of carcinogenesis and drug resistance have aroused questions on whether mitotic checkpoint defects are truly responsible for these dismal outcomes. Here, we discuss the possible contribution of the faulty checkpoint signaling in cancer development and drug resistance, followed by the latest research on this pathway for better outcomes in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinjini Sarkar
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Sutapa Mahata
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Ranita Pal
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Dipanwita Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Tanuma Mistry
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Sushmita Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Tanmoy Bera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Vilas D Nasare
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India.
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Hattori N, Nakagawa T, Yoneda M, Nakagawa K, Hayashida H, Ito T. Cigarette smoke, but not novel tobacco vapor products, causes epigenetic disruption and cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100865. [PMID: 33294641 PMCID: PMC7691555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-Not-Burn (HNB) products, generating vapor without combusting tobacco leaves, have been developed with the expectation that the number and quantity of chemicals in the vapor of these products would be reduced compared with the smoke from conventional combustible cigarettes. However, whether the lower chemical levels correlate with lower toxicity remains to be determined. Here we examined differences in the biological effects of conventional cigarette smoke (CS) and two HNB products, Ploom TECH and Ploom TECH+, using the cultured cancer cell line A549 and the normal bronchial epithelium cell line BEAS-2B. The conventional CS 3R4F extract (0.5%) markedly decreased cell proliferation of both A549 and BEAS-2B cells; however, 0.5% extracts of these commercially available HNB products did not affect cell growth. To determine the cause of decreased cell proliferation, a TUNEL assay was performed, and the results indicated that apoptosis had occurred in both A549 and BEAS-2B cells at 24 h after exposure to 3R4F. To further explore the effect of CS on epigenetics, we performed western blotting to detect histone H2A phosphorylation, which is known to affect transcriptional regulation. Only the 3R4F extract decreased histone H2A phosphorylation in both A549 and BEAS-2B cells. Next, we examined alterations in gene expression after treatment of A549 cells with Ploom TECH, Ploom TECH+, or 3R4F extracts. It was found that 339, 107, and 103 genes were upregulated more than 2 fold in A549 cells treated with 3R4F, Ploom TECH, or Ploom TECH + extracts, respectively. Among the 339 genes that were upregulated in response to 3R4F, we focused on EGR1, FOS, and FOSB, since they were upregulated more than 100 fold, which was confirmed using RT-qPCR. These results suggest that CS, but not HNB products, cause epigenetic disruption and cell apoptosis, possibly by elevating transcription of genes such as EGR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hattori
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeya Nakagawa
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoneda
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kaori Nakagawa
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hayashida
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
- Corresponding author. Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Saravanan K, Kumar H, Chhotaray S, Preethi AL, Talokar AJ, Natarajan A, Parida S, Bhushan B, Panigrahi M. Drosophila melanogaster: a promising model system for epigenetic research. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1685216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.A. Saravanan
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Harshit Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Supriya Chhotaray
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - A. Latha Preethi
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Amol J. Talokar
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - A. Natarajan
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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