1
|
Uojima H, Yamasaki K, Sugiyama M, Kage M, Ishii N, Shirabe K, Hidaka H, Kusano C, Murakawa M, Asahina Y, Nishimura T, Iijima H, Sakamoto K, Ito K, Amano K, Kawaguchi T, Tamaki N, Kurosaki M, Suzuki T, Matsuura K, Taketomi A, Joshita S, Umemura T, Nishina S, Hino K, Toyoda H, Yatsuhashi H, Mizokami M. Quantitative measurements of M2BPGi depend on liver fibrosis and inflammation. J Gastroenterol 2024:10.1007/s00535-024-02100-3. [PMID: 38625546 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-024-02100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between liver fibrosis and inflammation and Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) other than hepatitis C remains uncertain, owing to the limitations of qualitative methods. Here, we evaluated the influence of liver fibrosis and inflammation on quantitative M2BPGi (M2BPGi-Qt) in CLD, considering each etiology. METHODS We recruited 1373 patients with CLD. To evaluate the influence of liver fibrosis and inflammation on M2BPGi-Qt levels, we assessed M2BPGi-Qt levels at each fibrosis and activity stage within different etiologies of CLD based on pathological findings. Subsequently, we evaluated if the accuracy of fibrosis staging based on M2BPGi-Qt could be improved by considering the influence of liver inflammation. RESULTS In patients with viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and primary biliary cholangitis, the median M2BPGi-Qt levels increased liver fibrosis progression. Median M2BPGi-Qt levels were not associated with the degree of fibrosis in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Median M2BPGi-Qt levels increased with the progression of liver activity in all etiologies. A significant difference was found at each stage in AIH. Considering the liver inflammation, we established an algorithm, M2BPGi-Qt, to determine the alanine aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio (MAP-R) in liver cirrhosis (LC). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of MAP-R was higher than that of the M2BPGi-Qt for detecting LC (AUC MAP-R = 0.759 and M2BPGi-Qt = 0.700, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The quantitative measurement system for M2BPGi depends on liver fibrosis and inflammation, regardless of etiology. Liver inflammation complicates the interpretation of M2BPGi-Qt results when assessing the fibrosis stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Uojima
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Yamasaki
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Nagasaki Medical Center, Ōmura, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Department of Viral Pathogenesis and Controls, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kage
- Department of Pathology, Junshin Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hidaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chika Kusano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miyako Murakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Asahina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Liver Disease Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iijima
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Amano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Tamaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurosaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Joshita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeji Umemura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Sohji Nishina
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hino
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Aichi, Japan
- Digestive Disease Center, Shunan Memorial Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuhashi
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Nagasaki Medical Center, Ōmura, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamanaka T, Araki K, Yokobori T, Muranushi R, Hoshino K, Hagiwara K, Gantumur D, Ishii N, Tsukagoshi M, Watanabe A, Harimoto N, Masamune A, Uojima H, Mizokami M, Ito K, Shirabe K. Potential of Mac-2-binding protein glycan isomer as a new therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1241-1249. [PMID: 38321872 PMCID: PMC11007056 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a challenging malignancy to treat. Mac-2-binding protein glycan isomer (M2BPGi) is a novel serum marker of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is secreted by hepatic stellate and stroma cells. Serum M2BPGi levels are upregulated in PC patients. We measured the expression of M2BPGi in the serum of 27 PC patients and determined whether M2BPGi affects the malignant potential of PC cells in vitro. We also examined the effect of M2BP on PC tumor growth and gemcitabine sensitivity in vivo. Serum M2BPGi levels in PC patients were higher compared with those of healthy subjects. M2BPGi extraction in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was higher compared with that of PC cells. M2BPGi treatment promoted the proliferation and invasion of PC cells. The suppression of galectin-3, which binds to M2BPGi, did not affect the proliferation-promoting effect of M2BPGi in PC cells. The suppression of M2BP reduced tumor growth and enhanced gemcitabine sensitivity in PC-bearing xenograft mice. CAF-derived M2BPGi promotes the proliferation and invasion of PC cells. Targeting M2BPGi may represent a new therapeutic strategy to circumvent refractory PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamanaka
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | | | - Ryo Muranushi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Kouki Hoshino
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Kei Hagiwara
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Dolgormaa Gantumur
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Norifumi Harimoto
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University, Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Haruki Uojima
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Kiyoaki Ito
- Department of GastroenterologyAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteAichiJapan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiGunmaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kong F, Dong R, Chen G, Sun S, Yang Y, Jiang J, Meng L, Chen H, Zhu J, Zheng S. Progress in Biomarkers Related to Biliary Atresia. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:305-315. [PMID: 38426193 PMCID: PMC10899875 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a congenital cholestatic disease that can seriously damage children's liver function. It is one of the main reasons for liver transplantation in children. Early diagnosis of BA is crucial to the prognosis of patients, but there is still a lack of reliable non-invasive diagnostic methods. Additionally, as some children are in urgent need of liver transplantation, evaluating the stage of liver fibrosis and postoperative native liver survival in children with BA using a straightforward, efficient, and less traumatic method is a major focus of doctors. In recent years, an increasing number of BA-related biomarkers have been identified and have shown great potential in the following three aspects of clinical practice: diagnosis, evaluation of the stage of liver fibrosis, and prediction of native liver survival. This review focuses on the pathophysiological function and clinical application of three novel BA-related biomarkers, namely MMP-7, FGF-19, and M2BPGi. Furthermore, progress in well-known biomarkers of BA such as gamma-glutamyltransferase, circulating cytokines, and other potential biomarkers is discussed, aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanyang Kong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingdu Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifen Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nagakawa K, Hidaka M, Hara T, Matsushima H, Imamura H, Tanaka T, Adachi T, Soyama A, Kanetaka K, Eguchi S. Serum wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive human Mac-2 binding protein is unsuitable as a diagnostic marker of occult hepatocellular carcinoma in end-stage liver cirrhosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293593. [PMID: 37910585 PMCID: PMC10619783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Serum glycosylated Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein (WFA+-M2BP) is a marker of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of WFA+-M2BP for occult HCC, which current diagnostic imaging tests fail to detect. METHODS Patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver transplantation (LT) and whose whole liver could be sliced and subjected to histological examination between 2010 and 2018 were eligible for this study (n = 89). WFA+-M2BP levels were measured in samples collected before the LT. Comparison of the postoperative histological test results with the preoperative imaging data grouped the patients into histologically no group (N), histologically detected group (D), histologically increased group (I), and histologically decreased or same group (DS), and the results were compared with the WFA+-M2BP values. In addition, comparisons were made between each data with and without HCC, including occult HCC, and total tumor diameter. RESULTS Irrespective of underlying hepatic disease conditions, there were 6 patients in the N group, 10 in the D group, 41 in the I group, and 32 in the DS group. The median of the serum WFA+-M2BP level for each group was as follows: N group, 8.05 (1.25-11.9); D group, 11.025 (1.01-18.21); I group, 9.67 (0.29-17.83); and DS group, 9.56 (0.28-19.44) confidence of interval. We found no significant differences between the pairings. Comparison of underlying hepatic diseases revealed that liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B and C and non-B and -C liver cirrhosis had no significant differences. AFP levels, on the other hand, had significant relationships in comparison between the presence or absence of histological HCC, in correlation between total tumor diameter, and in the ROC analysis for the diagnosis of HCC including occult HCC. CONCLUSION Serum WFA+-M2BP cannot help diagnose occult HCC that is already undetected using imaging tests in decompensated liver cirrhosis patients requiring LT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kantoku Nagakawa
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takanobu Hara
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsushima
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Imamura
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Soyama
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanetaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tamaki N, Kurosaki M, Huang DQ, Loomba R. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis and its clinical significance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2022; 52:497-507. [PMID: 35352460 PMCID: PMC9718363 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the most important prognostic factor in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several noninvasive markers for fibrosis, including blood-based markers and imaging based-markers have been developed. Indirect fibrosis markers (e.g., fibrosis-4 index and NAFLD fibrosis score) consist of standard laboratory data and clinical parameters. Given its availability and high negative predictive value for advanced fibrosis, these markers are suitable for screening at primary care. Blood-based fibrogenesis markers (enhanced liver fibrosis and N-terminal propeptide of type 3 collagen), ultrasound-based modalities (vibration-controlled transient elastography, point shear wave elastography [SWE], and two-dimensional SWE), and magnetic resonance elastography have high diagnostic accuracy for liver fibrosis and are suitable for diagnosing liver fibrosis at secondary care centers. Sequential use of these markers can increase diagnostic accuracy and reduce health care costs. Furthermore, combining noninvasive makers may assist in identifying candidates for pharmacological trials and reducing screening failure. Emerging data suggest that these noninvasive markers are associated with liver-related events (hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensation) and mortality. Furthermore, delta change in noninvasive markers over time is also associated with time-course change in fibrosis, liver-related event risk, and mortality risk. However, the association between liver fibrosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is still controversial. CVD risk may decrease in patients with decompensated liver disease and noninvasive markers may be useful for assessing CVD risk in these patients. Therefore, noninvasive markers may be utilized as measures of fibrosis as well as real-time prognostic tools, in place of liver biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Tamaki
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurosaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Q. Huang
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hayashi S, Nagaoka K, Tanaka Y. Blood-Based Biomarkers in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Including the Viral Genome and Glycosylated Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011051. [PMID: 34681709 PMCID: PMC8540379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and is a global public health issue. High performance biomarkers can aid the early detection of HCC development in HBV-infected individuals. In addition, advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of HBV infection and in clinical laboratory techniques have enabled the establishment of disease-specific tests, prediction of the progression of liver diseases, including HCC, and auxiliary diagnosis of HCC, using blood-based methods instead of biopsies of liver or HCC tissues. Viral factors such as the HBV genotype, HBV genetic mutations, HBV DNA, and HBV-related antigens, as well as host factors, such as tumor-associated proteins and post-translational modifications, especially glycosylated proteins, can be blood-based, disease-specific biomarkers for HCC development in HBV-infected patients. In this review, we describe the clinical applications of viral biomarkers, including the HBV genome and glycosylated proteins, for patients at a risk of HBV-related HCC, based on their molecular mechanisms. In addition, we introduce promising biomarker candidates for practical use, including colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), extracellular vesicles, and cell-free, circulating tumor DNA. The clinical use of such surrogate markers may lead to a better understanding of the risk of disease progression and early detection of HCC in HBV-infected patients, thereby improving their prognosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nagaoka K, Tanaka M, Tanaka Y. Mac-2 binding protein and its glycan isomer: Where does it come from? Where is it going? Hepatol Res 2021; 51:1026-1028. [PMID: 34596313 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nagaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motohiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Public Health and Welfare Bureau, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|