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Iwasa T, Miwa T, Unome S, Hanai T, Imai K, Takai K, Miwa Y, Hori T, Ohnishi H, Matsumoto M, Niwa A, Miyazaki T, Shimizu M. A case of A20 haploinsufficiency complicated by autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:606-611. [PMID: 38126665 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20) is a recently described autoinflammatory disease that manifests symptoms similar to those of Behçet's disease. However, little is known about the involvement of the liver in HA20. Here, we report a case of HA20 complicated by autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). CASE PRESENTATION A 33-year-old woman was previously diagnosed with HA20 and chronic thyroiditis, and was treated with prednisolone (PSL; 7.5 mg/day) and levothyroxine sodium hydrate (125 μg/day). She experienced general malaise and jaundice, and biochemical evaluation revealed elevated liver function with an aspartate aminotransferase level of 817 U/L, an alanine aminotransferase level of 833 U/L, and a total bilirubin of 8.3 mg/dL. Pathological evaluation of the liver biopsy revealed interface hepatitis and the patient was diagnosed with acute exacerbation of AIH. Upon increasing the PSL dose to 60 mg/day, the liver enzyme levels rapidly decreased. During tapering of PSL, azathioprine 50 mg/day was added, and there was no relapse of AIH with combination therapy of PSL 7 mg/day and azathioprine 50 mg/day. CONCLUSION This is the first report of biopsy-proven AIH in an Asian patient with HA20. This case has significant implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of AIH in patients with HA20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takao Miwa
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Unome
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Hanai
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Takai
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Miwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Pathology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Pedersen MR, Mayo MJ. Advances in the evaluation and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024; 40:126-133. [PMID: 38363233 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The primary therapy of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has been established for over three decades. This review focuses on updates in the evaluation and management of patients with AIH. RECENT FINDINGS The evaluation of patients has recently been updated to include more definitive screening for other autoimmune diseases, including thyroid disease and celiac disease. Antibody detection by ELISA, an easier and more commonly available method, has been incorporated into the latest iteration of the AIH scoring system. Corticosteroids and AZA remain the backbone of AIH treatment, but there is growing evidence for mycophenolate mofetil as both first-line and second-line therapy, and growing inquiry into calcineurin inhibitors. Noninvasive markers of liver disease have now been validated in AIH, with the strongest evidence for VCTE in patients with minimal hepatic inflammation. SUMMARY Recent research of alternative immunosuppressant therapies, noninvasive markers of fibrosis, and updated society guidelines, have improved our ability to evaluate, treat, and follow patients with AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Pedersen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Tanifuji A, Ohfuji S, Matsumoto K, Abe M, Komori A, Takahashi A, Kawata K, Sato K, Joshita S, Umemura T, Ueno M, Nakayama N, Kakisaka K, Arinaga-Hino T, Ito K, Kanai S, Miura R, Arizumi T, Asaoka Y, Ito T, Shimizu T, Yoshida H, Ohta M, Mizuno S, Isayama H, Morimoto Y, Mochida S, Ohira H, Tanaka A. Safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for patients with intractable hepatobiliary diseases: A multicenter, questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study. Hepatol Res 2024. [PMID: 38300669 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM There are few data regarding the safety and effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in patients with intractable hepatobiliary diseases. We conducted a multicenter, questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study to determine the safety and effectiveness of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Japanese patients with intractable hepatobiliary disease. METHODS Patients aged ≥18 years with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, idiopathic portal hypertension, and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction at each center were consecutively invited to join the study. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their characteristics, vaccination status, post-vaccination adverse effects, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, liver disease status, treatment regimens, and liver function test values pre- and post-vaccination were collected. RESULTS The survey was conducted from September 2021 to May 2022, and 528 patients (220 AIH, 251 primary biliary cholangitis, 6 AIH- primary biliary cholangitis/primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap, 39 primary sclerosing cholangitis, 4 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 5 idiopathic portal hypertension, and 3 extrahepatic portal vein obstruction) participated in the study. Post-vaccination adverse effects were comparable to those observed in the general population. Post-vaccination liver injuries classified as grade 1 or higher were observed in 83 cases (16%), whereas grades 2 and 3 were observed in only six cases (1.1%); AIH-like liver injury requiring treatment was not observed. Overall, 12 patients (2.3%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2, and only one patient was infected 6 months after the second vaccination. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 vaccines demonstrated satisfactory safety and effectiveness in Japanese patients with intractable hepatobiliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Tanifuji
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Ohfuji
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Atsumasa Komori
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Satoru Joshita
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takeji Umemura
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kakisaka
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Teruko Arinaga-Hino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Miura
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Arizumi
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Asaoka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shimizu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohta
- Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Suguru Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichi Morimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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