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Hamouda RA, Makharita RR, Qarabai FAK, Shahabuddin FS, Saddiq AA, Bahammam LA, El-Far SW, Bukhari MA, Elaidarous MA, Abdella A. Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites Derived from Marine Environment Algae against Bacterial Tooth Decay. Microorganisms 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 38276170 PMCID: PMC10820646 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is an infectious oral disease caused by the presence of different bacteria in biofilms. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge of dental caries treatment. Swabs were taken from 65 patients with dental caries in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Swabs were cultivated on mitis salivarius agar and de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar. VITEK 2 was used for the identification of isolated bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria was performed using commercial antibiotic disks. Ulva lactuca was used as a reducing agent and cellulose source to create nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) were used to characterize nanocellulose and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites. The results showed that most bacterial isolates were Streptococcus spp., followed by Staphylococcus spp. on mitis salivarius media. Lactobacillus spp. and Corynebacterium group f-1 were the bacterial isolates on de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) media. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed resistance rates of 77%, 93%, 0, 83%, 79%, and 79% against penicillin G, Augmentin, metronidazole, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole, respectively. Ag/cellulose nanocomposites and Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with fluoride were the most effective antibacterial agents. The aim of this work was to assess the antibacterial activity of Ag/cellulose nanocomposites with and without fluoride against bacteria isolated from the oral cavities of patients with dental caries. This study demonstrated that Ag/cellulose nanocomposites have antibacterial properties against multidrug-resistant bacteria that cause dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa A. Hamouda
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.H.); (R.R.M.); (F.A.K.Q.); (A.A.S.)
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Rabab R. Makharita
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.H.); (R.R.M.); (F.A.K.Q.); (A.A.S.)
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Fauzia A. K. Qarabai
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.H.); (R.R.M.); (F.A.K.Q.); (A.A.S.)
| | | | - Amna A. Saddiq
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.H.); (R.R.M.); (F.A.K.Q.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Laila Ahmed Bahammam
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaymaa W. El-Far
- Division of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mamdouh A. Bukhari
- Regional Laboratory, Laboratories and Blood Banks Administration, Ministry of Health, 7780 Wali Alahed, Makkah P.O. Box 24353-4537, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.B.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Mohammad A. Elaidarous
- Regional Laboratory, Laboratories and Blood Banks Administration, Ministry of Health, 7780 Wali Alahed, Makkah P.O. Box 24353-4537, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.B.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Asmaa Abdella
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
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Veiga N, Figueiredo R, Correia P, Lopes P, Couto P, Fernandes GVO. Methods of Primary Clinical Prevention of Dental Caries in the Adult Patient: An Integrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111635. [PMID: 37297776 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Preventive approaches to oral health diseases, mainly dental caries, require individual and collective policies. Thus, this review was conducted to identify the primary prevention methods of dental caries in adults to improve oral health at the clinical and community levels. METHODS This review followed the PICO strategy with the research question: "What are the methods of primary prevention of dental caries, in adults, for improving and maintaining oral health integrating clinical and community-based strategies?" Electronic screening was carried out by two independent reviewers in five databases (MedLine/PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and LILACS) to find relevant publications between 2015-2022. We applied eligibility criteria for selection of the articles. The following MeSH terms were used: "Primary Prevention"; "Adult"; "Oral Health"; "Dental Caries"; "Fluorides, Topical"; "Fluoride Varnishes"; "Pit and Fissure Sealants"; "Preventive Dentistry". Although the term "Prevention strategy" is not a MeSH descriptor, several correlated terms appeared and were used in the search engines: "Preventative Care", "Disease Prevention, Primary", and "Prevention, Primary". The tool provided by the JBI organization (Joanna Briggs Institute) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. RESULTS Nine studies were included. Overall, it was found that the main primary prevention methods applied in dentistry in adults are the application of pit and fissure sealants, topical application of fluoride performed in the dental clinic, use of fluoridated toothpaste, mouthwash with chlorhexidine at home, use of xylitol, the recommendation for regular appointments with the dentist, and the need to inform patients about the saliva buffer capacity and adoption of a non-cariogenic diet. For that purpose, preventive policies should be taken to prevent dental caries. These include three major challenges: providing the adult population with more knowledge regarding their oral health, empowering patients through adopting healthy lifestyles, and developing new preventive strategies and awareness campaigns aimed at the adult population to promote proper oral health habits. CONCLUSIONS A small number of studies were found whose participants were adult patients. There was some consistency regarding primary prevention methods in our studies. However, good quality randomized control studies are still required to define the best intervention strategies for adult caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélio Veiga
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Figueiredo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Correia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Couto
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Almehmadi AH. Evidence-based Decisioning on the Management of a High Caries Risk Patient-A Case Report. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1893-1900. [PMID: 34321886 PMCID: PMC8309663 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s319722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The evidence-based approach to treatment planning has been at the forefront of clinical dentistry and the use of scientific evidence for clinical decisions has an impact on this case report, where the treatment planning of a high caries risk patient was performed with this approach. Background In this case report, management of a 30-year-old female patient with multiple carious lesions in her oral cavity has been discussed, and microbiological tests for caries risk assessment were performed that categorized her in the high caries risk group. Methods The management of this patient was formulated by carrying out a systematic search of the literature according to the clinical question. It is the evidence-based dentistry protocol, and the search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar. The CAMBRA protocol was employed for the management of high caries risk patients. Results A total of seven articles that included two randomized clinical trials, one case report, and four retrospective studies were identified for the evidence-based approach of the treatment planning. Conclusion The caries management by risk assessment has been advocated in this case report, where the patient was identified in the high caries risk group according to the caries assessment tests (microbiological), and the management was carried out inculcating the CAMBRA protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Almehmadi
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Nguyen TM, Tonmukayakul U, Warren E, Cartwright S, Liew D. A Markov cost-effective analysis of biannual fluoride varnish for preventing dental caries in permanent teeth over a 70-year time horizon. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 31:177-183. [PMID: 31373066 PMCID: PMC7187475 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Biannual application of fluoride varnish is effective for dental caries prevention, but its cost-effectiveness using quality-adjusted life years (QALY) is unknown. This study performed a cost-effectiveness analysis, from the Australian health care system perspective of biannual application of fluoride varnish versus current practice (non-routine application) for an individual aged 15 years and older over a 70-year time horizon. METHODS Health outcomes measured were the number of prevented decayed, missing, and filled teeth (prevented-DMFT) and QALY gained. The calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was compared against the reference cost-effectiveness ICER threshold of AUD$28 033 per QALY gained. A published Markov model capturing dental caries progression of eight permanent molars was used. This 6-monthly cycle model represented ten possible health states for an individual tooth. A 5% discount rate was applied with relevant sensitivity analysis. RESULTS In the base-case scenario, the net cost for the intervention was $3600 compared to $2303 in the current practice arm. The intervention arm yielded 13.99 DMFT and 15.44 QALY gained, whereas the current practice arm yielded 15.52 DMFT and 14.74 QALY gained. The estimated ICER was $849 per prevented-DMFT and $1851 per QALY gained. Sensitivity analysis shows the ICER ranged from $424-$1807 per prevented-DMFT and $1851-$3941 per QALY gained. CONCLUSION Biannual professional application of fluoride varnish appears to be a highly cost-effective strategy and should be considered for universal funding in Australia's health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Minh Nguyen
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute of Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Vic., Australia.,Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Utsana Tonmukayakul
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute of Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | - Danny Liew
- Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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Senneby A, Neilands J, Svensäter G, Axtelius B, Rohlin M. Threshold values affect predictive accuracy of caries risk assessment. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:315-327. [PMID: 30727798 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1564838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of thresholds on estimates of predictive accuracy of methods for caries risk assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adolescents, aged 12 visiting two dental clinics, were examined by visual/tactile examination and bitewing radiography at baseline and after one year. Three methods for caries risk assessment were applied: previous caries experience, dentists' risk assessment according to set criteria (presence or absence of caries lesion) and acid tolerance of dental biofilm. The measure for validity (the reference standard) comprised caries lesion progression at 1 year. Predictive accuracy estimates were calculated for several thresholds. RESULTS Accuracy estimates changed with threshold values of the methods and the reference standard. Patient spectrum differed between the clinics, which resulted in different accuracy estimates for the two samples. Generally, negative predictive values were high while positive ones were low indicating that these methods were more efficient in finding individuals who are at low risk of developing caries lesions than those with increased risk. CONCLUSIONS As thresholds and patient spectrum affected predictive accuracy, it may be difficult to design a universal model with set thresholds for caries risk assessment. Foremost, a model should consider the level of aspiration for prediction and clinical decisions that will be made based on the risk assessment in the actual clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Senneby
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jessica Neilands
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Björn Axtelius
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Rohlin
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Petersson GH, Twetman S. Relationship between risk assessment and payment models in Swedish Public Dental Service: a prospective study. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:40. [PMID: 28077122 PMCID: PMC5225535 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To a) compare risk categories in patients selecting a capitation payment (CP) model with those in fee-for-service (FFS), b) determine the 3-year caries increment in the two groups, and c) compare the amount of delivered preventive care in the two groups. Methods A comprehensive risk assessment was carried out in 1295 young adults attending eight Public Dental Clinics in the Scania region and 75% could be re-examined after 3 years; 615 had selected the CP model and 310 the traditional FFS. Caries was scored according to WHO and data concerning preventive care was extracted from the dental records. Results More patients in the low risk category preferred the CP model (74% vs. 26%) while >80% with high risk selected FFS. The baseline caries level was significantly higher in the FFS group as well as the 3-year caries increment (1.6 vs. 0.8 DFS: p < 0.05). The amount of additional preventive care delivered to each patient was generally lower in the FFS model; it was most frequent among patients with “some” risk in the CP model (83.8%) while the lowest delivery rates were found among low risk patients in the FFS system (32.4%). Conclusions Young adults in public dental care with low risk preferred the prepaid model while those in the higher risk categories selected fee-for-service. As more additional preventive care was delivered to patients in the subscribed care, oral health planners and decision makers should be aware of the fact that capitation payment models may enhance inequalities in dental health over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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