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Field SM, Thompson J, de Rijcke S, Penders B, Munafò MR. Exploring the dimensions of responsible research systems and cultures: a scoping review. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:230624. [PMID: 38234444 PMCID: PMC10791518 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The responsible conduct of research is foundational to the production of valid and trustworthy research. Despite this, our grasp of what dimensions responsible conduct of research (RCR) might contain-and how it differs across disciplines (i.e. how it is conceptualized and operationalized)-is tenuous. Moreover, many initiatives related to developing and maintaining RCR are developed within disciplinary and institutional silos which naturally limits the benefits that RCR practice can have. To this end, we are working to develop a better understanding of how RCR is conceived and realized, both across disciplines and across institutions in Europe. The first step in doing this is to scope existing knowledge on the topic, of which this scoping review is a part. We searched several electronic databases for relevant published and grey literature. An initial sample of 715 articles was identified, with 75 articles included in the final sample for qualitative analysis. We find several dimensions of RCR that are underemphasized or are excluded from the well-established World Conferences on Research Integrity (WCRI) Singapore Statement on Research Integrity and explore facets of these dimensions that find special relevance in a range of research disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarahanne M. Field
- CWTS, Leiden University, Leiden, Zuid-Holand, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Pedagogy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sarah de Rijcke
- CWTS, Leiden University, Leiden, Zuid-Holand, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Penders
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
- Käte Hamburger Kolleg ‘Cultures of Research’ (CoRE), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Dávila-Mendoza R, López-Ortiz G. [Extensions of guidelines for reporting types of study in medicine]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2022; 60:675-682. [PMID: 36283054 PMCID: PMC10395921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of different guides to report types of study in the medical field has been widely disseminated for decades, however, their adherence and use by an important part of researchers is still limited, this has negatively impacted the dissemination of new findings, which has generated criticism regarding how medical research is designed, conducted and reported. Parallel to this, there are extensions to these guidelines which are little known and used by the personnel involved in research work, they focus on more specific approaches to report different types of studies, among which are: meta-analysis, systematic reviews, clinical trials randomized, diagnostic accuracy studies, observational studies, among others; for this reason, its promotion, knowledge, and use is of vital importance. The objective of this review is to synthesize the main extensions of the guidelines used in medical research; for this purpose, its main characteristics were reviewed, as well as application scenarios according to the level of evidence; Its adequate adherence will allow health personnel involved in research work to increase the transparency and quality of their findings, contemplate potential sources of bias, as well as the development of good practices for the presentation of their results according to the type of study selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Dávila-Mendoza
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Subdivisión de Medicina Familiar. Ciudad de México, MéxicoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Geovani López-Ortiz
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Subdivisión de Medicina Familiar. Ciudad de México, MéxicoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico
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Tarazona-Alvarez B, Zamora-Martinez N, Garcia-Sanz V, Paredes-Gallardo V, Bellot-Arcis C, Lucas-Dominguez R, Vidal-Infer A. Open science practices in general and internal medicine journals, an observational study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268993. [PMID: 35639752 PMCID: PMC9154089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of the Open Science movement, this study aims to analyze the current state of open access and open data policies concerning the availability of articles and raw data of the journals belonging to the category "Medicine, General & Internal" of the Science Citation Index Expanded. METHODS Journal data sharing policies were evaluated through the following variables: possibility of manuscript storage in repositories; reuse policy; publication on a website; and statement regarding complementary material. Subsequently, an analysis of the supplementary material associated with each article was performed through the PubMed Central repository. The study reported was assessed following the STROBE guidelines for observational studies. RESULTS This study shows that only one-third of the journals included in the category "Medicine, General & Internal" allow the depositing of their documents in repositories and its reuse, while approximately half of the journals agree to publish the document on a website as well as to deposit supplementary material along with the publication. However, the reality about this last variable is that only 9.5% of the articles analyzed contained supplementary material being the main journals involved, BMJ Open, JAMA Network Open, New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet and Plos Medicine. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the opening policies of the journals concerning data availability in medical research reveals the unequal positioning of publishers towards the sharing of open data, the ambiguity regarding government policies about the obligation to deposit data and the need for ethical and standardization requirements in the typology/format of the data deposited without forgetting the important role that the researcher plays. Further studies based on journals indexed in medical databases other than Science Citation Index Expanded are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Tarazona-Alvarez
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Natalia Zamora-Martinez
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Veronica Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Bellot-Arcis
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rut Lucas-Dominguez
- Department of History of Science and Information Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- UISYS, Joint Research Unit (CSIC – University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Vidal-Infer
- Department of History of Science and Information Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- UISYS, Joint Research Unit (CSIC – University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
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Rizvi A, Lawson DO, Young T, Dewidar O, Nicholls S, Akl EA, Little J, Magwood O, Shamseer L, Ghogomu E, Jull JE, Rader T, Bhutta Z, Chamberlain C, Ellingwood H, Greer-Smith R, Hardy BJ, Harwood M, Kennedy M, Kredo T, Loder E, Mahande MJJ, Mbuagbaw L, Nkangu M, Okwen PM, Ramke J, Tufte J, Tugwell P, Wang X, Wiysonge CS, Welch VA. Guidance relevant to the reporting of health equity in observational research: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056875. [PMID: 35589369 PMCID: PMC9121499 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health inequities are defined as unfair and avoidable differences in health between groups within a population. Most health research is conducted through observational studies, which are able to offer real-world insights about etiology, healthcare policy/programme effectiveness and the impacts of socioeconomic factors. However, most published reports of observational studies do not address how their findings relate to health equity. Our team seeks to develop equity-relevant reporting guidance as an extension of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. This scoping review will inform the development of candidate items for the STROBE-Equity extension. We will operationalise equity-seeking populations using the PROGRESS-Plus framework of sociodemographic factors. As part of a parallel stream of the STROBE-Equity project, the relevance of candidate guideline items to Indigenous research will be led by Indigenous coinvestigators on the team. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute method for conducting scoping reviews. We will evaluate the extent to which the identified guidance supports or refutes our preliminary candidate items for reporting equity in observational studies. These candidate items were developed based on items from equity-reporting guidelines for randomised trials and systematic reviews, developed by members of this team. We will consult with our knowledge users, patients/public partners and Indigenous research steering committee to invite suggestions for relevant guidance documents and interpretation of findings. If the identified guidance suggests the need for additional candidate items, they will be developed through inductive thematic analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION We will follow a principled approach that promotes ethical codevelopment with our community partners, based on principles of cultural safety, authentic partnerships, addressing colonial structures in knowledge production and the shared ownership, interpretation, and dissemination of research. All products of this research will be published as open access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rizvi
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Social Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daeria O Lawson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taryn Young
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Omar Dewidar
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart Nicholls
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivia Magwood
- CT Lamont Primary Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Shamseer
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Tamara Rader
- Freelance health research librarian, (no affiliation), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zulfiqar Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, SickKids Center for Global Child Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Global Health & Development, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Catherine Chamberlain
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ngangk Yira Research Centre for Aboriginal Health and Social Equity, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Holly Ellingwood
- Department of Psychology, Department of Law, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Regina Greer-Smith
- Healthcare Research Associates, LLC/Strategically Targeting Appropriate Researchers (S.T.A.R.) Initiative, Apple Valley, California, USA
| | - Billie-Jo Hardy
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matire Harwood
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Kennedy
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Kredo
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Loder
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Johnson J Mahande
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miriam Nkangu
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline Ramke
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter Tugwell
- University of Ottawa Department of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Shey Wiysonge
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vivian A Welch
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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El Naqa I, Boone JM, Benedict SH, Goodsitt MM, Chan HP, Drukker K, Hadjiiski L, Ruan D, Sahiner B. AI in medical physics: guidelines for publication. Med Phys 2021; 48:4711-4714. [PMID: 34545957 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Abstract is intended to provide a concise summary of the study and its scientific findings. For AI/ML applications in medical physics, a problem statement and rationale for utilizing these algorithms are necessary while highlighting the novelty of the approach. A brief numerical description of how the data are partitioned into subsets for training of the AI/ML algorithm, validation (including tuning of parameters), and independent testing of algorithm performance is required. This is to be followed by a summary of the results and statistical metrics that quantify the performance of the AI/ML algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam El Naqa
- Machine Learning & Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John M Boone
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Stanley H Benedict
- Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Mitchell M Goodsitt
- Department of Radiology, University Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Heang-Ping Chan
- Department of Radiology, University Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karen Drukker
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lubomir Hadjiiski
- Department of Radiology, University Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dan Ruan
- Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Berkman Sahiner
- Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
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Song E, Ang L, Park JY, Jun EY, Kim KH, Jun J, Park S, Lee MS. A scoping review on biomedical journal peer review guides for reviewers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251440. [PMID: 34014958 PMCID: PMC8136639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peer review is widely used in academic fields to assess a manuscript’s significance and to improve its quality for publication. This scoping review will assess existing peer review guidelines and/or checklists intended for reviewers of biomedical journals and provide an overview on the review guidelines. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED) databases were searched for review guidelines from the date of inception until February 19, 2021. There was no date restriction nor article type restriction. In addition to the database search, websites of journal publishers and non-publishers were additionally hand-searched. Results Of 14,633 database publication records and 24 website records, 65 publications and 14 websites met inclusion criteria for the review (78 records in total). From the included records, a total of 1,811 checklist items were identified. The items related to Methods, Results, and Discussion were found to be the highly discussed in reviewer guidelines. Conclusion This review identified existing literature on peer review guidelines and provided an overview of the current state of peer review guides. Review guidelines were varying by journals and publishers. This calls for more research to determine the need to use uniform review standards for transparent and standardized peer review. Protocol registration The protocol for this study has been registered at Research Registry (www.researchregistry.com): reviewregistry881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Song
- Global Strategy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Lin Ang
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Jun
- Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Han Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Jun
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunju Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (SP); (MSL)
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (SP); (MSL)
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Mongan J, Moy L, Kahn CE. Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM): A Guide for Authors and Reviewers. Radiol Artif Intell 2020; 2:e200029. [PMID: 33937821 PMCID: PMC8017414 DOI: 10.1148/ryai.2020200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Mongan
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.M.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (L.M.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (C.E.K.)
| | - Linda Moy
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.M.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (L.M.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (C.E.K.)
| | - Charles E. Kahn
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (J.M.); Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (L.M.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (C.E.K.)
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White BJ, Larson RL, Theurer ME. Interpreting statistics from published research to answer clinical and management questions1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4959-4971. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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How to peer review and revise manuscripts submitted for publication in academic nursing journals. Int J Nurs Stud 2016; 64:A1-A3. [PMID: 27692443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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So, You Want to Improve Your Plastic Surgery Papers? Introducing PRS' Friendly EQUATOR Reporting Guidelines. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 136:205-208. [PMID: 25829154 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Simon E, Arthuis C, Perrotin F. Labor and delivery description is based on data that is no longer accessible. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 42:666-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Opondo D, Gravas S, Joyce A, Pearle M, Matsuda T, Sun YH, Assimos D, Denstedt J, de la Rosette J. Standardization of patient outcomes reporting in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Endourol 2014; 28:767-74. [PMID: 24571713 DOI: 10.1089/end.2014.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There exist no global standards for defining patient outcomes in renal stone surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of reporting of outcomes in studies investigating percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and to propose standardized consensus definitions for common outcomes. METHODS We performed a literature search in PubMed for randomized controlled studies that investigated PCNL between 2002 and 2012. All outcomes reported were analyzed for each study. Each article was examined to identify the definition of each reported patient outcome. Various aspects of patient outcomes were presented to a panel of 85 experts in a Delphi process consisting of three rounds. The experts were asked to select options that they believed would best describe each outcome. Finally, we composed recommendations for definition of the most common outcomes reported in PCNL studies. RESULTS Eighty-three RCTs were included in the review of patient outcomes. Stone-free rate (55, 63.9%), length of stay (47, 56.6%), complication rate (44, 53.0%), and changes in hemoglobin (40, 48.2%) were the most frequently reported outcomes in randomized controlled trials of PCNL. Only 24/53 (45.3%) studies had a formal definition of stone-free status. Only 31/40 (77.5%) studies, which reported change in hemoglobin, had a unit of measurement; however, 22/40 (55.0%) did not report the timing of postoperative hemoglobin measurement. A set of recommendations for defining patient outcomes in PCNL is presented for the 15 most commonly reported outcomes in PCNL. CONCLUSIONS Wide variations and underspecification exist in the definition and reporting of outcomes in PCNL. We propose recommendations for the definition of outcomes based on a review of the literature and expert opinion. Standardization of outcome definition and reporting will improve the quality of urologic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedan Opondo
- 1 Department of Urology, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
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Gasparyan AY, Ayvazyan L, Akazhanov NA, Kitas GD. Conflicts of interest in biomedical publications: considerations for authors, peer reviewers, and editors. Croat Med J 2013; 54:600-8. [PMID: 24382859 PMCID: PMC3893982 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2013.54.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This article overviews evidence on common instances of conflict of interest (COI) in research publications from general and specialized fields of biomedicine. Financial COIs are viewed as the most powerful source of bias, which may even distort citation outcomes of sponsored publications. The urge to boost journal citation indicators by stakeholders of science communication is viewed as a new secondary interest, which may compromize the interaction between authors, peer reviewers and editors. Comprehensive policies on disclosure of financial and non-financial COIs in scholarly journals are presented as proxies of their indexing in evidence-based databases, and examples of successful medical journals are discussed in detail. Reports on clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical practice guidelines may be unduly influenced by author-pharmaceutical industry relations, but these publications do not always contain explicit disclosures to allow the readers to judge the reliability of the published conclusions and practice-changing recommendations. The article emphasizes the importance of adhering to the guidance on COI from learned associations such as the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). It also considers joint efforts of authors, peer reviewers and editors as a foundation for appropriately defining and disclosing potential COIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Yuri Gasparyan
- Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (A Teaching Trust of The University of Birmingham), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | - Lilit Ayvazyan
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nurbek A. Akazhanov
- Department of Internship and Residency for General Practitioners N3, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - George D. Kitas
- Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (A Teaching Trust of The University of Birmingham), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- L Citrome
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
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