1
|
Semilin V, Janaun J, Chung CH, Touhami D, Haywood SK, Chong KP, Yaser AZ, Zein SH. Recovery of oil from palm oil mill effluent using polypropylene micro/nanofiber. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124144. [PMID: 33212411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Residual palm oil that goes into the river untreated can become detrimental to the environment. Residual oil discharge during milling process into palm oil mill effluent (POME) is unavoidable. About 1 wt% of residual oil in POME causes major problems to the mills, in terms of environment, wastewater treatment and economy losses. This paper reports the recovery of residual oil from POME by adsorption on polypropylene micro/nanofiber (PP-MNF) and desorption of oil by hands pressing, and oil extraction from the PP-MNF using solvent and supercritical-CO2 extraction techniques. The characterization of the PP-MNF and the quality of oil extracted were analyzed using analytical instruments. The reusability of the PP-MNF was also investigated. The experimental results showed the adsorption capacity of the PP-MNF was 28.65 g of oil/g of PP-MNF on average using refined palm oil, whilst recovery of oil from POME was 10.93 g of oil/g of PP-MNF. The extraction yield of oil from PP-MNF using hand pressing was 89.62%. The extraction of residual oil from the pressed PP-MNF showed comparable yield between solvent and supercritical CO2 techniques. The quality of recovered oil was similar with the quality of the crude oil, and no trace of polypropylene contamination was detected in the oil recovered. The PP-MNF showed no significant physical change after the extraction process. In conclusion, the PP-MNF has great potential to be used commercially in residual oil recovery from POME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veroneka Semilin
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jidon Janaun
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Sustainable Palm Oil Research Unit (SPOR), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Hing Chung
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Biosain Technologies Sdn. Bhd., Block 11, Lot 94, Ground Floor, Phase 11, Prima Square, Batu 4, Jalan Utara, P. O. Box 77, 90701 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Dalila Touhami
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie K Haywood
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Khim Phin Chong
- Sustainable Palm Oil Research Unit (SPOR), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Abu Zahrim Yaser
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Sustainable Palm Oil Research Unit (SPOR), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sharif H Zein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Cottingham Road, Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Extraction of Carotenoids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins from Tetradesmus Obliquus Microalgae: An Optimized Approach by Using Supercritical CO 2. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142581. [PMID: 31315224 PMCID: PMC6680521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, great attention has been focused on rapid, selective, and environmentally friendly extraction methods to recover pigments and antioxidants from microalgae. Among these, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) represents one of the most important alternatives to traditional extraction methods carried out with the use of organic solvents. In this study, the influence of parameters such as pressure, temperature, and the addition of a polar co-solvent in the SFE yields of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins from T. obliquus biomass were evaluated. The highest extraction of alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, and retinol was achieved at a pressure of 30 MPa and a temperature of 40 °C. It was observed that overall, the extraction yield increased considerably when a preliminary step of sample pre-treatment, based on a matrix solid phase dispersion, was applied using diatomaceous earth as a dispersing agent. The use of ethanol as a co-solvent, under certain conditions of pressure and temperature, resulted in selectively increasing the yields of only some compounds. In particular, a remarkable selectivity was observed if the extraction was carried out in the presence of ethanol at 10 MPa and 40 °C: under these conditions, it was possible to isolate menaquinone-7, a homologous of vitamin K2, which, otherwise, cannot not recovered by using traditional extraction procedures.
Collapse
|
3
|
Schieber A. Side Streams of Plant Food Processing As a Source of Valuable Compounds: Selected Examples. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:97-112. [PMID: 28068488 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Industrial processing of plant-derived raw materials generates enormous amounts of by-products. On one hand, these by-products constitute a serious disposal issue because they often emerge seasonally and are prone to microbial decay. On the other hand, they are an abundant source of valuable compounds, in particular secondary plant metabolites and cell wall materials, which may be recovered and used to functionalize foods and replace synthetic additives with ingredients of natural origin. This review covers 150 references and presents select studies performed between 2001 and 2016 on the recovery, characterization, and application of valuable constituents from grape pomace, apple pomace, potato peels, tomato pomace, carrot pomace, onion peels, by-products of citrus, mango, banana, and pineapple processing, side streams of olive oil production, and cereal by-products. The criteria used were economic importance, amounts generated, relevance of side streams as a source of valuable compounds, and reviews already published. Despite a plethora of studies carried out on the utilization of side streams, relatively few processes have yet found industrial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schieber
- University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Chair of Molecular Food Technology, D-53117 Bonn, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|