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Daei Sorkhabi A, Komijani E, Sarkesh A, Ghaderi Shadbad P, Aghebati-Maleki A, Aghebati-Maleki L. Advances in immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: rationale and practice. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:321. [PMID: 37946301 PMCID: PMC10634124 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the encouraging results and broad clinical applicability of immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors in cancer therapy, ICP-based immunotherapies in the context of autoimmune disease, particularly multiple sclerosis (MS), have garnered considerable attention and hold great potential for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Given the well-established immunoregulatory role of ICPs in maintaining a balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signaling pathways to promote immune tolerance to self-antigens, a dysregulated expression pattern of ICPs has been observed in a significant proportion of patients with MS and its animal model called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is associated with autoreactivity towards myelin and neurodegeneration. Consequently, there is a rationale for developing immunotherapeutic strategies to induce inhibitory ICPs while suppressing stimulatory ICPs, including engineering immune cells to overexpress ligands for inhibitory ICP receptors, such as program death-1 (PD-1), or designing fusion proteins, namely abatacept, to bind and inhibit the co-stimulatory pathways involved in overactivated T-cell mediated autoimmunity, and other strategies that will be discussed in-depth in the current review. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Daei Sorkhabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Erfan Komijani
- Department of Veterinary, Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aila Sarkesh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pedram Ghaderi Shadbad
- Department of Veterinary, Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zhao L, Cheng S, Fan L, Zhang B, Xu S. TIM-3: An update on immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107933. [PMID: 34224993 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) was originally found to be expressed on the surface of Th1 cells, acting as a negative regulator and binding to the ligand galectin-9 to mediate Th1 cell the apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that TIM-3 is also expressed on other immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes. In addition, TIM-3 ligands also include Psdter, High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and Carcinoembryonic antigen associated cell adhesion molecules (Ceacam-1), which have different effects upon biding to different ligands on immune cells. Studies have shown that TIM-3 plays an important role in autoimmune diseases, chronic viral infections and tumors. A large amount of experimental data supports TIM-3 as an immune checkpoint, and targeting TIM-3 is a promising treatment method in current immunotherapy, especially the new combination of other immune checkpoint blockers. In this review, we summarize the role of TIM-3 in different diseases and its possible signaling pathway mechanisms, providing new insights for better breakthrough immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shaoyun Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Shengwei Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
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Ataei M, Behfarjam F, Jadali Z. TIM-3 genetic variants and risk of Behçet disease in the Iranian population. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:429-433. [PMID: 31644615 PMCID: PMC7007023 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet disease is a prototypical systemic autoimmune disease, caused by a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. The transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) is a distinct member of the TIM family that is preferentially expressed on Th1 cells and plays a role in Th1-mediated autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, such as Behçet disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the potential association between TIM-3 gene polymorphisms and Behçet disease. METHODS Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of TIM-3 (rs9313439 and rs10515746) were genotyped in 212 patients with Behçet disease and 200 healthy controls. Typing of the polymorphisms was performed using multiplex PCR amplification. RESULTS There were no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies between the Behçet disease patients and controls who were successfully genotyped. Similar results were also found after stratification by gender, age, or clinical features. STUDY LIMITATIONS Lack of studies on various racial or ethnic groups and small sample size. CONCLUSION This study failed to demonstrate any association between the tested TIM-3 polymorphisms and Behçet disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Ataei
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinaz Behfarjam
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jadali
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moghbeli M. Genetic and Molecular Biology of Multiple Sclerosis Among Iranian Patients: An Overview. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:65-85. [PMID: 31482432 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one if the common types of autoimmune disorders in developed countries. Various environmental and genetic factors are associated with initiation and progression of MS. It is believed that the life style changes can be one of the main environmental risk factors. The environmental factors are widely studied and reported, whereas minority of reports have considered the role of genetic factors in biology of MS. Although Iran is a low-risk country in the case of MS prevalence, it has been shown that there was a dramatically rising trend of MS prevalence among Iranian population during recent decades. Therefore, it is required to assess the probable MS risk factors in Iran. In the present study, we summarized all of the reported genes until now which have been associated with MS susceptibility among Iranian patients. To clarify the probable molecular biology of MS progression, we categorized these reported genes based on their cellular functions. This review paves the way of introducing a specific population-based diagnostic panel of genetic markers among the Iranian population for the first time in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhang R, Li H, Bai L, Duan J. Association between T-Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 3 (TIM-3) Genetic Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Autoimmune Diseases. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:563-576. [PMID: 31044630 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1599009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linfu Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Razi B, Reykandeh SE, Alizadeh S, Amirzargar A, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. TIM family gene polymorphism and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211146. [PMID: 30730912 PMCID: PMC6366744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TIM-family proteins are expressed on different immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, type 1 and 2 T helper (Th) cells. Therefore, they have the ability to contribute to the various intracellular signals and immune responses, importantly the regulation of Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation, which plays a remarked role in fight against inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Association of TIM family gene polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been frequently investigated. The findings however are not entirely consistent. Therefore, we carried out the present meta-analysis to examine the association between RA and the following TIM family gene polymorphisms: rs41297579, rs1036199, rs10515746, and rs7700944. METHODS A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was conducted through December 2018. Combined odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated under different possible genetic models. RESULTS A total of eight case-control studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The results demonstrated significant association of RA with TIM-3 rs1036199 polymorphism under dominant (OR, 1.93, 95% CI, 1.43-2.61) and allelic models (OR, 1.74, 95% CI, 1.31-2.30). None of the other examined polymorphisms indicated significant association with RA. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis revealed that the TIM-3 rs1036199 polymorphism might confer susceptibility to RA. Further studies are required to reassert our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Razi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Amirzargar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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TIM-3 rs1036199 polymorphism increases susceptibility to autoimmune diseases: evidence based on 4200 subjects. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181235. [PMID: 30377229 PMCID: PMC6250810 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results have been reported regarding differing studies on the association between T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 polymorphisms and autoimmune disease. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of TIM-3 rs1036199 (4259 G/T) polymorphism with autoimmune disease susceptibility. A meta-analysis was performed to obtain a more precise evaluation of the association. Ten eligible studies were retrieved by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases, and statistical analyses were performed using STATA software. The pooled results indicated that TIM-3 rs1036199 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of overall autoimmune disease in allele comparison (G versus T: OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.17-2.17) and heterozygous comparison (GT versus TT: OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.37-2.06). Subgroup analyses based on disease type demonstrated that TIM-3 rs1036199 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of rheumatic arthritis (G versus T: OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.45-2.44; GT versus TT: OR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.53-2.65), especially in Asian populations.
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Yu Y, Zhu C, Zhou S, Chi S. Association Between C1q, TRAIL, and Tim-1 Gene Polymorphisms and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:546-553. [PMID: 30183357 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study was designed to examine the relationship between gene polymorphisms of C1q, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), T cell immunoglobulin mucin (Tim-1), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 245 SLE patients were selected from February 2012 to August 2016, along with 245 healthy donors as the control group. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from all subjects followed by mutational analyses. Gene polymorphisms of the C1q gene (rs292001, rs631090, rs294223 loci); the TRAIL gene (1525A/G, 1588A/G, 1595T/C locus); and the Tim-1 gene were detected by sequencing after polymerase chain reaction amplification. The concentration of anti-C1q antibody and the protein levels of sTRAIL/Tim-1 in serum of all subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS As for the C1q gene, the frequency of the T allele at the rs631090 locus in the study group was lower than that in the controls, and the frequency of the C allele was higher in the study group than in the healthy donors. The frequency of the G allele at the 1525A/G locus of TRAIL gene in the study group was significantly higher than those in the control group. The frequency of the G allele at -1454G/A of Tim-1 was dramatically higher in the study group than in the control group. Anti-C1q antibody concentrations of subjects carrying CC and CT genotype at the rs631090 locus were statistically higher than TT genotype carriers. The sTRAIL protein level of the TRAIL 1525A/G GG genotype carriers was significantly higher than that of GA and AA genotype carriers, as well as CC genotype carriers at 1595T/C site compared with CT/TT genotype carriers. GG genotype carriers at -1454G/A had higher Tim-1 expression levels than GA/AA genotype carriers. CONCLUSION The C allele at the rs631090 locus of C1q, the G allele at 1525A/G site of TRAIL, and the G allele of Tim-1 at -1454G/A site are susceptibility variants associated with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Caixia Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shaolan Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shuhong Chi
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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DePaula-Silva AB, Hanak TJ, Libbey JE, Fujinami RS. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection of SJL/J and C57BL/6J mice: Models for multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 308:30-42. [PMID: 28237622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are great tools to study the mechanisms of disease development. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus is used in two distinct viral infection mouse models to study the human diseases multiple sclerosis (MS) and epilepsy. Intracerebral (i.c.) infection of the SJL/J mouse strain results in persistent viral infection of the central nervous system and a MS-like disease, while i.c. infection of the C57BL/6J mouse strain results in acute seizures and epilepsy. Our understanding of how the immune system contributes to the development of two disparate diseases caused by the same virus is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tyler J Hanak
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jane E Libbey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert S Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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T‐cell exhaustion: understanding the interface of chronic viral and autoinflammatory diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:935-942. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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