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Menzel A, Samouda H, Dohet F, Loap S, Ellulu MS, Bohn T. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030414. [PMID: 33803155 PMCID: PMC8001241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS-being ubiquitous-and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also -omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Francois Dohet
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Suva Loap
- Clinic Cryo Esthetic, 11 Rue Éblé, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Mohammed S. Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City 00970, Palestine;
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence:
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Zong Z, Kan L, Luo Y, Wang C, Wang X, Wang M, Xiong D, Zhang X. Performance evaluation of the XPEN60 CRP&SAA, a novel automated hematology analyzer, in detecting complete blood count, C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23395. [PMID: 32519385 PMCID: PMC7521309 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The XPEN60 CRP&SAA (hereafter XPEN60) is a new automated hematology analyzer that can rapidly detect C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and blood cell counts (CBC), including the 5‐part differential of white blood cells (5‐DIFF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of XPEN60. Methods The analytical performance of XPEN60 was evaluated on the basis of several parameters, including the limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantitation (LoQ), precision, accuracy, carryover, linearity, clinical reportable range (CRR), and interference test. In addition, method comparisons between CBC and 5‐DIFF, CRP, and SAA were performed on several systems. Results Total imprecision and accuracy for all parameters fell within acceptable criteria, and excellent measurements were observed in the dilution linearity (coefficient of determination, R2 > .99). LoBs and LoDs (0 and 0.21 mg/L for CRP, 1.1 and 2.27 mg/L for SAA) satisfy the manufacturer's statement. LoQs were 0.61 and 3.62 mg/L for CRP and SAA, respectively. No significant carryover or interference tests (<10%) were observed in this study. The comparison analysis demonstrated strong agreement between XPEN60 results and those of Sysmex–XN1000 (XN1000), except for basophils (Bas) and eosinophils (Eos). The data correlated well with E601 and Mindray CRP‐M100 for CRP. Conclusion XPEN60 was demonstrated satisfactory analytical performance, which made it well‐suited for use in clinical laboratories, emergency departments, and community hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyan Zong
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Lijuan Kan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Luohu District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Luohu District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Luohu District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xibu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Luohu District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Luohu District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Luohu District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Graindor N, Blomme S, Jughmans S, Boeckx N, Kieffer D. Performance evaluation of the Spinit ® -BC, a new point-of-care assay for total WBC count with 5-part differential and hematocrit measurement. Int J Lab Hematol 2017; 39:e155-e158. [PMID: 28984031 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Graindor
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Blomme
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Jughmans
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Boeckx
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, KULeuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Kieffer
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KULeuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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van Dievoet MA, Louagie H, Ghys T. Performance evaluation of the Sysmex(®) XP-300 in an oncology setting: evaluation and comparison of hematological parameters with the Sysmex(®) XN-3000. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 38:490-6. [PMID: 27321240 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Sysmex XP-300(®) (XP-300) is a new, fully automated hematology analyzer, designed to generate complete blood counts (CBC) with 3-part differential. In our study, the XP-300 was evaluated as a point-of-care (POC) analyzer in an oncology setting. In which blood samples from patients with different pathologies and treatments, affecting hematopoiesis, were analyzed. METHODS Performance was evaluated according to the International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) guidelines and CLSI protocol H20-A2 . Beside precision, linearity and carry-over, a comparison study with the Sysmex(®) XN-3000 (XN-3000) and a manual reference leukocyte differential was performed. Flagging performance was also evaluated. RESULTS XP-300 showed excellent precision and linearity results. For within- and between-run precision, the criteria, according to Ricos et al. , were met for all parameters tested, except for platelets in the low level. Less than or equal to 0.5% carry-over was seen for all parameters tested. Comparison studies showed an acceptable correlation with both XN-3000 and the manual reference leukocyte count. A suboptimal flagging performance was demonstrated. CONCLUSION In the context of diagnosing cytopenia due to myelosuppressing agents or leukocytosis due to infection, the XP-300 showed good analytical performance. However, in the thrombocytopenic range, precision was suboptimal. In follow-up of hematological malignancies with the occurrence of abnormal cells, we advise verification with a more advanced analyzer or with microscopic review, although further studies with a higher prevalence of abnormal cells are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Louagie
- Clinical laboratory AZ Sint-Lucas, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Ghys
- Clinical laboratory AZ Sint-Lucas, Ghent, Belgium
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Sato S, Ichihara K, Inaba T. A new self-partition clustering method for robust identification of subsets with heterogeneous size and density and its clinical application to leukocyte differential counting. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 455:118-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pérez I, Redín ME, Vives A, Garrido A, Urrechaga E, Lacasta M. Local verification between the hematological analyzers Sysmex XN-series and XE-5000. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 38:256-64. [PMID: 26992454 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to perform a verification of the hematology analyzer Sysmex XN-2000 by comparing with the previous XE-5000. This study assessed the precision and carryover on the XN-2000 and the systematic error between the both counters according to desirable biological variability criterion and a flag comparison study. METHODS Within-run precision and between-batch precision were measured according to the ICSH guidelines. A comparative study was performed analyzing two hundred and six samples of peripheral blood from patients. The statistical study was conducted using the Passing-Bablok and Bland-Altman analyses. The leucocyte flag comparison was made by measuring the efficiency rate. RESULTS Between-batch precision was lower than that recommended by the biological variability criterion and manufacturer specifications. The comparison gave nonagreement results for neutrophil and basophil counts according to the criterion of biological variability. Erythroblasts and immature granulocytes showed nonagreement, but there is no available biological variation database for these parameters to compare with. Nevertheless, excellent absolute agreement was found for red blood cell parameters, and for platelet, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts. CONCLUSIONS The global results obtained for the precision, comparability, and efficiency provide a satisfactory integration of the XN-2000 in the core laboratory routine and accomplish an optimal reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pérez
- Laboratory Medicine, Core Laboratory, University Hospital Donostia, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - M E Redín
- Laboratory Medicine, Core Laboratory, University Hospital Donostia, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - A Vives
- Laboratory Medicine, Core Laboratory, University Hospital Donostia, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - A Garrido
- Laboratory Medicine, Core Laboratory, University Hospital Donostia, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - E Urrechaga
- Laboratory Hospital Galdakao Usansolo, Galdakao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - M Lacasta
- Laboratory Medicine, Core Laboratory, University Hospital Donostia, Guipuzcoa, Spain
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Inaba T, Ishizuka K, Yuasa S, Mishima N, Ogura K, Saito K, Kohno T, Fujitomo Y, Nakanishi M, Fujita N. Abnormal neutrophil scattergram obtained using Pentra MS CRP in the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome showing dysgranulopoiesis. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 38:27-33. [PMID: 26333345 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pentra MS CRP is an automated hematology analyzer capable of cytochemistry using Chlorazol black E, a lipid-staining agent, for white blood cell (WBC) differentials. Pentra MS CRP displays a WBC scattergram according to the cell volume obtained using flow impedance and light absorbance reflecting the Chlorazol black E (CBE)-positive lipid content. METHOD Neutrophil scattergrams obtained using Pentra MS CRP were compared between 5 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and normal controls. Sudan black B (SBB)-staining patterns of peripheral blood neutrophils were subdivided into four types (types I, II, III, and VI) based on their staining intensity and scored by counting 200 cells. Such SBB scores were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS Neutrophil scattergrams deviated downward in the MDS group, suggesting the decreased CBE positivity that seemed reflect the reduction of the lipid content in dysplastic neutrophils. SBB scores determined in this study were also decreased in the MDS group when compared with those in normal controls. CONCLUSION Pentra MS CRP might rapidly generate useful information on dysplastic neutrophils in patients with MDS based on its cytochemistry for WBC differentials during routine laboratory hematology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inaba
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Ishizuka
- Department of Medical Instrumental Research and Technology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Horiba, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Yuasa
- Department of Medical Instrumental Research and Technology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Horiba, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - K Saito
- Department of Medical Instrumental Research and Technology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Horiba, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Kohno
- Department of Medical Instrumental Research and Technology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Horiba, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Fujitomo
- Department of Medical Instrumental Research and Technology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Nakanishi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N Fujita
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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