Frequency of school-based intervention needed to improve weight outcomes of Mexican-American adolescents with overweight or obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Impact of School-Based Interventions on Pediatric Obesity: A Systematic Review

Childhood obesity is a global public health problem with significant implications for the health and well-being of children. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing every decade, making it a recognized public health concern. This systematic review aims to explore and evaluate the impact of school-based interventions on reducing pediatric obesity among school-aged children. A systematic review of literature according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 was conducted. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane were the databases used. After screening for bias, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality, 27 studies were included in the systematic review, and data were synthesized. The results show that physical activity reduces obesity and improves cardiovascular health. The nutritional change reduces the risk of obesity more than physical activity alone. When blended, the two provide the most benefits for participants. Motivation, self-efficacy, and behavioral change could help maintain the improvements. Schools should adopt a blend of physical activity and nutritional change to reduce prevent, reduce, and manage obesity.

Response to school-based interventions for overweight and obesity: A systematic scoping review

Heterogeneity of response to paediatric obesity interventions is one of the greatest challenges to obesity care. While evaluating school-based interventions by mean changes compared to control is important, it does not provide an understanding of the individual variability in response to intervention. The objective of this study was to comprehensively review school-based interventions that reported study results in terms of response and identify definitions of response used. A scoping review was conducted using a systematic search of five scientific databases from 2009 to 2021. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trial design, school-based setting, weight-based outcomes (e.g., BMI, BMI z-score), weight-based outcomes analysed among youth with overweight/obesity, a study conducted in a developed country and publication in English. A total of 26 reports representing 25 unique studies were included. Overall, 19% (5/26) of articles reported response. Response was defined in three ways: maintenance/decrease in BMI z-score, decrease in BMI z-score ≥0.10, and decrease in BMI z-score ≥0.20. Few school-based interventions identified an a priori intervention goal or identified the proportion of participants who responded to the intervention. Without such evaluation participants who do not benefit are likely to be overlooked.

Prevention and Interventional Strategies of Adolescent Obesity / Overweight

Purpose: It’s a known factor that obesity and overweight among adolescentsare major emerging global health problems associated with morbidityand mortality throughout their life in developed and developing countries. There is evidence that reducing overweight and obesity by increasing awareness, self-efficacy, and contemplation to adopt a health-promoting lifestyle.The aim of this review how the theory and model used to reduce this burden through vicarious interventional activities among adolescence (10-19 years)in a school setting. Methods: A literature search was performed in four databases to identify published studies between January 2009 and December 2019. Randomized control trial exploring the multiple interventional effects on obesity and overweight by utilization of with or without theoretical constructs and outcome on body mass index. Results: Originally references searched were 2112 abstracts and full-text articles. The total population was 34,846 adolescents. Most of the multiple interventionshad little positive effect onphysical activity, dietary intake, and sedentary behavior changes directly on BMI. Only three studies show changes in behavior through theory. Minimal studies reported the involvement and motivation of parents, friends, and teachers for themselves and adolescents. Conclusion: The contemporary review to visualizemultiple interventions, and how models and theory focused on various pragmatic activities in the delivery and outcome in school settings among adolescents.

The Role of Early and Later Response on Overall Outcomes in School-Based Obesity Intervention

OBJECTIVE

Early response to obesity intervention consistently predicts long-term BMI reductions. However, little is known about how changes in weight at other times in an intervention may impact long-term outcomes. This study examined the relationship between weight-related changes that occurred early and later during an intervention and the association between these changes with overall outcomes.

METHODS

A secondary analysis of a school-based obesity intervention with replicated efficacy among Hispanic middle school students was conducted (n = 174). Linear regression models were developed in which first and second semester changes in BMI represented as a percentage of the 95th BMI percentile (%BMIp95) were separately used to predict overall %BMIp95 outcomes. First semester changes in %BMIp95 were used to predict subsequent %BMIp95 change (i.e., second semester).

RESULTS

Changes in %BMIp95 during both the first and second semesters were independently associated with overall changes from baseline (e.g., at 24 months: first semester, β = 0.59, P < 0.01; second semester, β = 1.02, P < 0.001). First semester %BMIp95 change was not associated with second semester change (β = -0.07, P = 0.32).

CONCLUSIONS

Change at any point during the intervention was predictive of overall weight outcomes. Additional research is needed to understand patterns of weight changes throughout interventions to better understand long-term outcomes.