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Anjum I. Calcium sensitization mechanisms in detrusor smooth muscles. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:227-235. [PMID: 29306925 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The contraction of detrusor smooth muscles depends on the increase in intracellular calcium. The influx of calcium from the plasma membrane calcium channels and calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum give rise to intracellular calcium. Under the pathophysiological conditions, the increased sensitivity of regulatory and contractile proteins to calcium also plays an important role in maintaining the spontaneous detrusor smooth muscle activity. Many proteins have been identified to play a role in calcium sensitization. Both the protein kinase C (PKC) and Rho-kinase (ROCK) signaling pathways are responsible for the induction of calcium sensitization in the detrusor smooth muscles. The balance between the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) regulates the intracellular calcium-contractile force relationship. The inhibition of MLCP by PKC-mediated phosphatase inhibitor (CPI-17) and myosin phosphatase target subunit (MYPT-1) phosphorylation by both the PKC and ROCK are responsible for calcium sensitization in the detrusor smooth muscles. However, the ROCK pathway predominantly participates in the calcium sensitization induction under pathophysiological situations. Many kinases are well known nowadays to play a role in calcium sensitization. This review aims to enlighten the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of calcium sensitization with special reference to the PKC and ROCK pathways in the detrusor smooth muscles. It will also aid in the development of new pharmacological strategies to prevent and treat bladder diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Anjum
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Akaihata H, Nomiya M, Matsuoka K, Koguchi T, Hata J, Haga N, Kushida N, Ishibashi K, Aikawa K, Kojima Y. Protective Effect of a Rho-kinase Inhibitor on Bladder Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Chronic Bladder Ischemia. Urology 2017; 111:238.e7-238.e12. [PMID: 29051005 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, on chronic ischemia-related bladder dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (16 weeks old) were divided into control, chronic bladder ischemia (CBI), and CBI with fasudil treatment (CBI-Fa) groups. The CBI and CBI-Fa groups underwent balloon endothelial injury of bilateral iliac arteries and received a 2% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks after the procedure to induce CBI. The CBI-Fa group was given oral fasudil (30 mg/kg/day) using zonde for 8 weeks after the procedure. The control group received a regular diet for 8 weeks. After cystometry in a conscious state, rats from each group were euthanized, and the bladders and common iliac arteries were harvested for pharmacologic and histologic examination. RESULTS Mean wall thickness of the common iliac arteries was significantly greater in the CBI group than in controls. Contractile responses of muscle strips were significantly lower in CBI group rats than in controls. In the CBI group, micturition interval was significantly shorter, and bladder capacity was significantly lower compared with those in controls. In the CBI-Fa group, arterial wall thickening was significantly suppressed compared with the CBI group. Significant improvements in muscle strip contractility and cystometric parameters were seen in the CBI-Fa group compared with the CBI group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chronic treatment with fasudil could prevent neointimal formation in arteries and bladder dysfunction in this rat model. Fasudil may be therapeutically useful in protecting bladder function in chronically ischemic bladders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Akaihata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan.
| | - Masanori Nomiya
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research Nihon University School of Engineering, Koriyama City, Japan; National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Kanako Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Haga
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kushida
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Ken Aikawa
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
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Kitta T, Kanno Y, Chiba H, Higuchi M, Ouchi M, Togo M, Moriya K, Shinohara N. Benefits and limitations of animal models in partial bladder outlet obstruction for translational research. Int J Urol 2017; 25:36-44. [PMID: 28965358 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The functions of the lower urinary tract have been investigated for more than a century. Lower urinary tract symptoms, such as incomplete bladder emptying, weak urine stream, daytime urinary frequency, urgency, urge incontinence and nocturia after partial bladder outlet obstruction, is a frequent cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia in aging men. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The use of animal models is absolutely imperative for understanding the pathophysiological processes involved in bladder dysfunction. Surgical induction has been used to study lower urinary tract functions of numerous animal species, such as pig, dog, rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse, of both sexes. Several morphological and functional modifications under partial bladder outlet obstruction have not only been observed in the bladder, but also in the central nervous system. Understanding the changes of the lower urinary tract functions induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction would also contribute to appropriate drug development for treating these pathophysiological conditions. In the present review, we discuss techniques for creating partial bladder outlet obstruction, the characteristics of several species, as well as issues of each model, and their translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeya Kitta
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kanno
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Chiba
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Madoka Higuchi
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mifuka Ouchi
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mio Togo
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Moriya
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Sacco E, Recupero S, Bientinesi R, Palermo G, D’Agostino D, Currò D, Bassi P. Pioneering drugs for overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity: Ongoing research and future directions. World J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 4:24-39. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v4.i2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing research on pioneering drug candidates for the overactive bladder (OAB) aimed to overcome the limitations of currently licensed pharmacotherapies, such as antimuscarinics, β3-adrenergic agents, and botulinum neurotoxin, has been reviewed performing a systematic literature review and web search. The review covers the exploratory agents alternative to available medications for OAB and that may ultimately prove to be therapeutically useful in the future management of OAB patients based on preclinical and early clinical data. It emerges that many alternative pharmacological strategies have been discovered or are under investigation in disease-oriented studies. Several potential therapeutics are known for years but still find obstacles to pass the clinical stages of development, while other completely novel compounds, targeting new pharmacological targets, have been recently discovered and show potential to translate into clinical therapeutic agents for idiopathic and neurogenic OAB syndrome. The global scenario of investigational drugs for OAB gives promise for the development of innovative therapeutics that may ultimately prove effective as first, combined or second-line treatments within a realistic timescale of ten years.
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Hypolite JA, Chang S, Wein AJ, Chacko S, Malykhina AP. Protein kinase C modulates frequency of micturition and non-voiding contractions in the urinary bladder via neuronal and myogenic mechanisms. BMC Urol 2015; 15:34. [PMID: 25896919 PMCID: PMC4407874 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-015-0030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein Kinase C (PKC) dysfunction is implicated in a variety of smooth muscle disorders including detrusor overactivity associated with frequency and urgency of micturition. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of endogenous PKC-dependent pathways on bladder storage and emptying function. Methods We utilized in vivo cystometry and in vitro organ bath studies using isolated bladder muscle strips (BMS) from rats to measure contractility, intravesical pressure, and voided volume. Both in vitro and in vivo results were statistically analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA between the groups followed by Bonferroni’s post-test, as appropriate (Systat Software Inc., San Jose, CA). Results Effects of PKC activators, phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), and phorbol-12,13-myristate (PMA), were concentration-dependent, with high concentrations increasing frequency of micturition, and sensitivity of intramural nerves to electrical field stimulation (EFS), in vitro, while lower concentrations had no effect on BMS sensitivity to EFS. The PKC inhibitors, bisindolylmaleimide1 (Bim-1), (28 nM), and Ro318220 (50 μM) triggered an increase in the number of non-voiding contractions (NVC), and a decrease in the voided volume associated with reduced ability to maintain contractile force upon EFS, but did not affect peak force in vitro. Both low (50 nM) and high PDBu 1 micromolar (1uM) decreased the sensitivity of BMS to carbachol. Application of a low concentration of PDBu inhibited spontaneous contractions, in vitro, and Bim-1-induced NVC, and restored normal voiding frequency during urodynamic recordings in vivo. Conclusions In summary, the effects of low PKC stimulation include inhibition of smooth muscle contractile responses, whereas high levels of PKC stimulation increased nerve-mediated contractions in vitro, and micturition contractions in vivo. These results indicate that endogenous PKC signaling displays a concentration-dependent contraction profile in the urinary bladder via both smooth muscle and nerve-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Hypolite
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave, Mail Stop C317, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Shaohua Chang
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Alan J Wein
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Samuel Chacko
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Anna P Malykhina
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave, Mail Stop C317, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Akaihata H, Nomiya M, Hata J, Yabe M, Takahashi N, Haga N, Kushida N, Ishibashi K, Aikawa K, Yamaguchi O, Kojima Y. Pelvic Arterial Occlusive Disease Affects the RhoA/Rho-Kinase Pathway in Bladder Smooth Muscle. J Urol 2015; 193:706-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Akaihata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Masanori Nomiya
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yabe
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Norio Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Haga
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kushida
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Ken Aikawa
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
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Chacko S, Cortes E, Drake MJ, Fry CH. Does altered myogenic activity contribute to OAB symptoms from detrusor overactivity? ICI-RS 2013. Neurourol Urodyn 2014; 33:577-80. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Chacko
- Department of Pathobiology; Division of Urology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Eduard Cortes
- Women's Health Academic Centre; King's College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Marcus J. Drake
- School of Clinical Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H. Fry
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology; FHMS; University of Surrey; Guildford United Kingdom
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