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McCallion O, Bilici M, Hester J, Issa F. Regulatory T-cell therapy approaches. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:96-107. [PMID: 35960852 PMCID: PMC10019137 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have enormous therapeutic potential to treat a variety of immunopathologies characterized by aberrant immune activation. Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous Tregs continues to progress through mid- to late-phase clinical trials in several disease spaces and has generated promising preliminary safety and efficacy signals to date. However, the practicalities of this strategy outside of the clinical trial setting remain challenging. Here, we review the current landscape of regulatory T-cell therapy, considering emergent approaches and technologies presenting novel ways to engage Tregs, and reflect on the progress necessary to deliver their therapeutic potential to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver McCallion
- Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Merve Bilici
- Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Hester
- Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fadi Issa
- Correspondence. Fadi Issa, Translational Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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Yu Y, Jiang P, Sun P, Su N, Lin F. Analysis of therapeutic potential of preclinical models based on DR3/TL1A pathway modulation (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:693. [PMID: 33986858 PMCID: PMC8111866 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 3 (DR3) and its corresponding ligand, tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A), belong to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Signaling via this receptor-ligand pair results in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Effector lymphocytes can be activated to exert pro-inflammatory activity by triggering the DR3/TL1A pathway. By contrast, DR3/TL1A signaling also induces expansion of the suppressive function of regulatory T cells, which serve an important role in exerting anti-inflammatory functions and maintaining immune homeostasis. Preclinical evidence indicates that neutralizing and agonistic antibodies, as well as ligand-based approaches targeting the DR3/TL1A pathway, may be used to treat diseases, including inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that modulating the DR3/TL1A pathway is a promising therapeutic approach for patients with these diseases. This review discusses preclinical models to gauge the progress of therapeutic strategies for diseases involving the DR3/TL1A pathway to aid in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Yu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Pan Sun
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Na Su
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhao Lin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, P.R. China
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Du X, Chang S, Guo W, Zhang S, Chen ZK. Progress in Liver Transplant Tolerance and Tolerance-Inducing Cellular Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1326. [PMID: 32670292 PMCID: PMC7326808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is currently the most effective method for treating end-stage liver disease. However, recipients still need long-term immunosuppressive drug treatment to control allogeneic immune rejection, which may cause various complications and affect the long-term survival of the recipient. Many liver transplant researchers constantly pursue the induction of immune tolerance in liver transplant recipients, immunosuppression withdrawal, and the maintenance of good and stable graft function. Although allogeneic liver transplantation is more tolerated than transplantation of other solid organs, and it shows a certain incidence of spontaneous tolerance, there is still great risk for general recipients. With the gradual progress in our understanding of immune regulatory mechanisms, a variety of immune regulatory cells have been discovered, and good results have been obtained in rodent and non-human primate transplant models. As immune cell therapies can induce long-term stable tolerance, they provide a good prospect for the induction of tolerance in clinical liver transplantation. At present, many transplant centers have carried out tolerance-inducing clinical trials in liver transplant recipients, and some have achieved gratifying results. This article will review the current status of liver transplant tolerance and the research progress of different cellular immunotherapies to induce this tolerance, which can provide more support for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, ZhengZhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, ZhengZhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, ZhengZhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Klaus Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Gorczynski RM, Maqbool T, Hoffmann G. Mechanism(s) of prolonged attenuation of allergic responses after modulation of idiotypic regulatory network. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 15:79. [PMID: 31827543 PMCID: PMC6892213 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed previously that allergic reactivity to ovalbumin (OVA) could be regulated in mice following perturbation of immune networks using combinations of an immune Ig along with anti-idiotypic Ig. We have explored features of this regulation including: its persistence after cessation of administration of combined Igs; the ability of heterologous Igs to produce immunoregulation; a role for Treg induction in regulation; and the ability to attenuate responses in mice pre-sensitized to an allergic stimulus. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized to OVA. Mice also received 5 weekly injections of immune Ig or anti-idiotype Ig (at separate sites) from either homologous (mouse) or heterologous (human) sources. In the latter case pooled IVIG (given IM, hence hereafter IMIG) was used as a source of anti-idiotype Ig, and human anti-Tet as immune Ig. Injections of the Ig were given from the time of OVA sensitization (to attenuate development of immunity), or after pre-sensitization of mice (to attenuate existing allergic responses). All mice were assayed for development of OVA-specific serum IgE and IgG, as well as the production of OVA-induced IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, IL-31 and IL-33 in splenocytes cultured for 72 h. In studies examining possible mechanism(s) responsible for inhibition of immunity mice received, in addition to the Ig treatments described, infusion of depleting anti-CD4, and/or anti-CD8 antibodies, or a mAb to TNFSFR25, known to expand Tregs implicated in regulation of Allo immunity. RESULTS Combinations of both heterologous and homologous immune Igs and anti-idiotype Igs attenuated OVA allergic responses in both naïve and pre-sensitized mice. This attenuation persisted in mice greater than 14 weeks after cessation of treatment with the Igs used. Finally, depletion of either CD4 or CD8 cells ameliorated the suppressive effect seen, while the combination of anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 essentially abolished suppression. Suppression was further enhanced by anti-TNFSFR25 mAb. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the combine Ig treatment protocols used produced a long-lasting suppression of allergic immunity, even in pre-sensitized animals. The effects seem to depend upon induction and expansion of Tregs and represents a novel approach to treatment of allergic disease in humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Gorczynski
- Universityof Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Network Immunology, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Toronto, Canada
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Artym J, Kocięba M, Zaczyńska E, Kochanowska I, Zimecki M, Kałas W, Strządała L, Zioło E, Jeleń M, Morak-Młodawska B, Pluta K. Prolongation of skin graft survival in mice by an azaphenothiazine derivative. Immunol Lett 2019; 208:1-7. [PMID: 30825456 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Azaphenothiazines are predominantly immunosuppressive compounds. We evaluated the efficacy of an azaphenothiazine derivative, 6-chloroethylureidoethyldiquino[3,2-b;2',3'-e][1,4]thiazine (DQT) in prolongation of survival of skin allografts between BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice. The mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 100 μg of DQT on alternate days, on days 1-13 of the experiment (7 doses). The effect of DQT on a two-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in the human model, as well as its effect on production of TNF α and IL-10 in a whole blood cell culture, stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were evaluated. In addition, DQT effects were investigated regarding the proportion of T cell subsets in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMC) by flow cytometry. Lastly, the effect of DQT on expression of signaling molecules involved in pro apoptotic pathways was determined by RT PCR. The results showed that DQT significantly extended skin graft survival. The compound also strongly suppressed two-way MLR in the human model at a concentration range of 2.5-5.0 μM. In addition, DQT inhibited LPS-inducible TNF α, but not IL-10 production. The compound preferentially caused a loss of the CD3-CD8+CD11b + PBMC cell subset, and transformed CD3+CD8+high into CD3+CD8+low cells. Lastly, we demonstrated significant increases in expression of caspases (in particular caspase 8) and of p53 in a culture of Jurkat T cells. We conclude that the immunosuppressive actions of the compound in allograft rejection may be predominantly associated with induction of cell apoptosis and inhibition of TNF α production. The apoptosis could be predominantly selective for the CD3-CD8+CD11b + cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Artym
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla Str. 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maja Kocięba
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla Str. 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Zaczyńska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla Str. 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Kochanowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla Str. 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Zimecki
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla Str. 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kałas
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla Str. 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Leon Strządała
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla Str. 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Zioło
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla Str. 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jeleń
- The Medical University of Silesia, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, Jagiellońska 4 Str, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Beata Morak-Młodawska
- The Medical University of Silesia, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, Jagiellońska 4 Str, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krystian Pluta
- The Medical University of Silesia, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, Jagiellońska 4 Str, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Gorczynski RM, Farrokhi K, Gorczynski C, Sadozai H, Zhu F, Khatri I. Importance of B cells to development of regulatory T cells and prolongation of tissue allograft survival in recipients receiving autologous bone marrow transplantation. Immunology 2018; 154:465-475. [PMID: 29338084 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that congenic bone marrow transplantation (BMTx) post myeloablation augmented tissue allograft survival in association with increased regulatory T (Treg) cells of both host and bone marrow donor origin. Regulatory B (Breg) cells can also modulate T-cell immunity and B cells may be implicated in the development of Treg cells. Accordingly, we explored the effect of B-cell depletion in vivo on augmented graft survival post BMTx. C57BL/6 mice received BALB/c skin allografts followed 7 days later by myeloablation using cyclophosphamide and busulphan. Mice then received T-cell-depleted bone marrow from CD45.1 congenic donors, and ongoing immunosuppression with rapamycin (to day 28 after BMTx). Control mice received cyclophosphamide and busulphan followed by rapamycin, but not congenic bone marrow. At different times post BMTx, mice received B-cell-depleting antibody treatment, and the effect on both skin graft survival, and induction of Treg cells was assessed. BMTx resulted in significantly prolonged skin graft survival versus control mice, in association with attenuated donor-specific alloreactivity relative to controls, increased splenic Treg cells and significantly diminished anti-donor IgG. In mice receiving infusion of B-depleting antibodies for 12 days from day 15 post BMTx, both graft survival and Treg cell activity were diminished, particularly for functional Treg cells of donor origin. Adoptive transfer of Breg cells from mice harvested at 15 days post BMTx prolonged survival in naive transplanted mice and increased Treg cell levels. Thus, autologous BMTx augmentation of graft survival is dependent in part upon a population of Breg cells that can modulate the function of donor-derived Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald M Gorczynski
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kaveh Farrokhi
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Gorczynski
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hassan Sadozai
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fang Zhu
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ismat Khatri
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Analysis of cytokine immune response profile in response to inflammatory stimuli in mice with genetic defects in fetal and adult hemoglobin chain expression. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 18:546-555. [PMID: 29302041 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-017-0008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Injections of a crude fetal sheep liver extract (FSLE) containing fetal hemoglobin, MPLA, and glutathione (GSSH) reversed cytokine changes in aged mice. To investigate the role of fetal hemoglobin we derived mice with homzygous deletions for either of the two major βchains, HgbβmaKO or HgbβmiKO. Hgbβmi is the most prominent fetal Hgbβ chain, with Hgbβma more prominent in adult mice. Mice lacking another fetal Hgb chain, HgbεKO, died in utero. CHO cells transfected with cloned Hgb chains were used to produce proteins for preparation of rabbit heteroantibodes. Splenocytes from HgbβmaKO mice stimulated in vitro with Conconavalin A showed a higher IL-2:IL-4 ratio than cells from HgbβmiKO mice. Following immunization in vivo with ovalbumin in alum, HgbβmaKO mice produced less IgE than HgbβmiKO mice, suggesting that in the absence of HgbβmiKO mice had a predeliction to heightened allergic-type responses. Using CHO cells transfected with cloned Hgb chains, we found that only the fetal Hgb chain, Hgbε, was secreted at high levels. Secretion of Hgbβma or Hgbβmi chains was seen only after genetic mutation to introduce the two N-linked glycosylation sites present in Hgbε, but absent in the Hgbβ chains. We speculated that a previously unanticipated biological function of a naturally secreted fetal Hgb chain may be partly responsible for the effects reported following injection of animals with fetal, not adult, Hgb. Mice receiving injections of rabbit anti-Hgbε but not either anti-Hgbβma or anti-Hgbβmi from day 14 gestation also showed a bias towards the higher IL-2:IL-4 ratios seen in HgbβmiKO mice.
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Bittner S, Ehrenschwender M. Multifaceted death receptor 3 signaling-promoting survival and triggering death. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2543-2555. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bittner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
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Bittner S, Knoll G, Ehrenschwender M. Death receptor 3 signaling enhances proliferation of human regulatory T cells. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1187-1195. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bittner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
| | - Gertrud Knoll
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Hospital Regensburg; Germany
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