1
|
Qiu Y, Liu S, Ji X, Gao J, Liu W, Xu C. Imaging PIP2 and BCR microclusters in B cell immunological synapse. Methods Cell Biol 2022. [PMID: 37516523 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The humoral immune response is dependent on B cell activation and differentiation, which is typically triggered by the formation of immunological synapses at the interface between B cells and the antigen presenting surfaces. However, due to the highly dynamic and transient feature of immunological synapses, it has been difficult to capture and investigate the molecular events that occur within them. The planar lipids bilayer (PLB) supported antigen presenting surface combined with high-resolution high-speed total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) live cell imaging system has been proved to be a powerful tool that allows us to visualize the dynamic events in immunological synapse. In addition, the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-biphosphate (PIP2) plays a unique role in B cell activation, and it is difficult to investigate the synaptic dynamics of PIP2 molecules. Hence, we describe here the general procedures for the utilization of a PLB based antigen presenting system combining TIRFM based imaging methods to visualize the spatial-temporal co-distribution of PIP2 and BCR microcluster within the B cell immunological synapse.
Collapse
|
2
|
Haneef K, Saleem R, Iqbal Khan MS, Adeyinka OS, Banday S, Asghar MU, Rahman ZU, Fatima Z. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 targeted antibodies cocktail and B cell receptor interplay: interventions to trigger vaccine development. EXPLORATION OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/ei.2021.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 spread globally and creates an alarming situation. Following the SARS-CoV-2 paradigm, therapeutic efficacy is achieved via repurposing several antiviral, antibacterial, and antimalarial drugs. Innate and adaptive immune cells work close to combat infection through the intricate production of antibodies (Abs) and inflammatory cytokines. As an essential component of the immune system, Abs play an important role in eliminating viruses and maintaining homeostasis. B lymphocytes (B cells) are effector cells, stringent to produce neutralizing Abs to combat infection. After recognizing SARS-CoV-2 antigens by a surface receptor called B cell receptors (BCRs) on the plasma membrane, the BCRs transmembrane signal transduction and immune activation results in Ab production and development of immune memory. Thus, it ensures that plasma B cells can quickly start an intricate immune response to generate efficient protective Abs to clear the pathogen. Nevertheless, considering therapeutic challenges in the context of the new coronavirus pandemic, this review addresses the molecular mechanism of the immune activation and function of novel SARS-CoV-2 specific B cells in the production of SARS-CoV-2 specific Abs. Additionally, these studies highlighted the Ab-mediated pathogenesis, the intriguing role of nano-scale signaling subunits, non-structural proteins during COVID-19 infection, and structural insights of SARS-CoV-2 specific Abs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kabeer Haneef
- School of Life Science, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rabia Saleem
- Department of Pediatric Haematology, Oncology and BMT, The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the second affiliated hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Sadeeq Banday
- School of Agriculture Sciences and Food Technology, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Muhammad Umer Asghar
- 6National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab Pakistan 7Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rahman
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Fatima
- Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Punjab 50991, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|