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Chan S, Morgan B, Yong MK, Margetts M, Farchione AJ, Lucas EC, Godsell J, Giang NA, Slade CA, von Borstel A, Bryant VL, Howson LJ. Cytomegalovirus drives Vδ1 + γδ T cell expansion and clonality in common variable immunodeficiency. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4286. [PMID: 38769332 PMCID: PMC11106253 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The function and phenotype of γδ T cells in the context of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) has not been explored. CVID is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by impaired antibody responses resulting in increased susceptibility to infections. γδ T cells are a subset of unconventional T cells that play crucial roles in host defence against infections. In this study, we aim to determine the roles and functions of γδ T cells in CVID. We observe a higher frequency of Vδ1+ γδ T cells compared to healthy controls, particularly in older patients. We also find a higher proportion of effector-memory Vδ1+ γδ T cells and a more clonal T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in CVID. The most significant driver of the Vδ1+ γδ T cell expansion and phenotype in CVID patients is persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia. These findings provide valuable insights into γδ T cell biology and their contribution to immune defence in CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Chan
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Morgan
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle K Yong
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mai Margetts
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Farchione
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erin C Lucas
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jack Godsell
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Nhi Ai Giang
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charlotte A Slade
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Bryant
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren J Howson
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Bestard O, Kaminski H, Couzi L, Fernández-Ruiz M, Manuel O. Cytomegalovirus Cell-Mediated Immunity: Ready for Routine Use? Transpl Int 2023; 36:11963. [PMID: 38020746 PMCID: PMC10661902 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing assays that assess specific T-cell-mediated immunity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) holds the potential to enhance personalized strategies aimed at preventing and treating CMV in organ transplantation. This includes improved risk stratification during transplantation compared to relying solely on CMV serostatus, as well as determining the optimal duration of antiviral prophylaxis, deciding on antiviral therapy when asymptomatic replication occurs, and estimating the risk of recurrence. In this review, we initially provide an overlook of the current concepts into the immune control of CMV after transplantation. We then summarize the existent literature on the clinical experience of the use of immune monitoring in organ transplantation, with a particular interest on the outcomes of interventional trials. Current evidence indicates that cell-mediated immune assays are helpful in identifying patients at low risk for replication for whom preventive measures against CMV can be safely withheld. As more data accumulates from these and other clinical scenarios, it is foreseeable that these assays will likely become part of the routine clinical practice in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Bestard
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Department, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Laboratory, Vall Hebrón Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hannah Kaminski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- UMR 5164-ImmunoConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- UMR 5164-ImmunoConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre”, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital “12 de Octubre” (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Manuel
- Infectious Diseases Service and Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Qiu L, Zhang Y, Zeng X. The function of γδ T cells in humoral immune responses. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:747-755. [PMID: 36799949 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of γδ T cells played in humoral immune responses. BACKGROUND The γδ T cell receptor (γδ TCR) recognizes antigens, including haptens and proteins, in an MHC-independent manner. The recognition of these antigens by γδ TCRs crosses antigen recognition by the B cell receptors (BCRs), suggesting that γδ T cells may be involved in the process of antigen recognition and activation of B cells. However, the role of γδ T cells in humoral immune responses is still less clear. METHODS The kinds of literature about the γδ T cell-B cell interaction were searched on PubMed with search terms, such as γδ T cells, antibody, B cell responses, antigen recognition, and infection. RESULTS Accumulating evidence indicates that γδ T cells, independent of αβ T cells, participate in multiple steps of humoral immunity, including B cell maturation, activation and differentiation, antibody production and class switching. Mechanically, γδ T cells affect B cell function by directly interacting with B cells, secreting cytokines, or modulating αβ T cells. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize current knowledge on how γδ T cells take part in the humoral immune response, which may assist future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Song Y, Liu Y, Teo HY, Liu H. Targeting Cytokine Signals to Enhance γδT Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914839. [PMID: 35747139 PMCID: PMC9210953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells represent a small percentage of T cells in circulation but are found in large numbers in certain organs. They are considered to be innate immune cells that can exert cytotoxic functions on target cells without MHC restriction. Moreover, γδT cells contribute to adaptive immune response via regulating other immune cells. Under the influence of cytokines, γδT cells can be polarized to different subsets in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current understanding of antigen recognition by γδT cells, and the immune regulation mediated by γδT cells in the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, we depicted the polarization and plasticity of γδT cells in the presence of different cytokines and their combinations, which provided the basis for γδT cell-based cancer immunotherapy targeting cytokine signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Song
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huey Yee Teo
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Liu,
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Kaminski H, Marseres G, Yared N, Nokin MJ, Pitard V, Zouine A, Garrigue I, Loizon S, Capone M, Gauthereau X, Mamani-Matsuda M, Coueron R, Durán RV, Pinson B, Pellegrin I, Thiébaut R, Couzi L, Merville P, Déchanet-Merville J. mTOR Inhibitors Prevent CMV Infection through the Restoration of Functional αβ and γδ T cells in Kidney Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:121-137. [PMID: 34725108 PMCID: PMC8763189 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020121753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reported association of mTOR-inhibitor (mTORi) treatment with a lower incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) who are CMV seropositive (R+) remains unexplained. METHODS The incidence of CMV infection and T-cell profile was compared between KTRs treated with mTORis and mycophenolic acid (MPA), and in vitro mTORi effects on T-cell phenotype and functions were analyzed. RESULTS In KTRs who were R+ and treated with MPA, both αβ and γδ T cells displayed a more dysfunctional phenotype (PD-1+, CD85j+) at day 0 of transplantation in the 16 KTRs with severe CMV infection, as compared with the 17 KTRs without or with spontaneously resolving CMV infection. In patients treated with mTORis (n=27), the proportion of PD-1+ and CD85j+ αβ and γδ T cells decreased, when compared with patients treated with MPA (n=44), as did the frequency and severity of CMV infections. mTORi treatment also led to higher proportions of late-differentiated and cytotoxic γδ T cells and IFNγ-producing and cytotoxic αβ T cells. In vitro, mTORis increased proliferation, viability, and CMV-induced IFNγ production of T cells and decreased PD-1 and CD85j expression in T cells, which shifted the T cells to a more efficient EOMESlow Hobithigh profile. In γδ T cells, the mTORi effect was related to increased TCR signaling. CONCLUSION Severe CMV replication is associated with a dysfunctional T-cell profile and mTORis improve T-cell fitness along with better control of CMV. A dysfunctional T-cell phenotype could serve as a new biomarker to predict post-transplantation infection and to stratify patients who should benefit from mTORi treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER Proportion of CMV Seropositive Kidney Transplant Recipients Who Will Develop a CMV Infection When Treated With an Immunosuppressive Regimen Including Everolimus and Reduced Dose of Cyclosporine Versus an Immunosuppressive Regimen With Mycophenolic Acid and Standard Dose of Cyclosporine A (EVERCMV), NCT02328963.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kaminski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France,ImmunoConcEpT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabriel Marseres
- ImmunoConcEpT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Yared
- ImmunoConcEpT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Julie Nokin
- Actions for onCogenesis understanding and Target Identification in ONcology, Institut Europeen de chimie et de biologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1218, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Vincent Pitard
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Service 3427, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US 005, TransBioMed Core, Flow Cytometry Facility, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Atika Zouine
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Service 3427, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US 005, TransBioMed Core, Flow Cytometry Facility, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Garrigue
- Virology Department, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5234 and CHU Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Séverine Loizon
- ImmunoConcEpT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Myriam Capone
- ImmunoConcEpT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Gauthereau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Service 3427, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US 005, TransBioMed Core, PCRq’UB, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Mamani-Matsuda
- ImmunoConcEpT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Roxane Coueron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inria SISTM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raúl V. Durán
- Actions for onCogenesis understanding and Target Identification in ONcology, Institut Europeen de chimie et de biologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1218, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Benoît Pinson
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Service 3427, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US 005, TransBioMed Core, Service Analyses Métaboliques, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaire Unité Mixte de Recherche 5095, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Pellegrin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inria SISTM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France,ImmunoConcEpT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Merville
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France,ImmunoConcEpT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- ImmunoConcEpT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Caron J, Ridgley LA, Bodman-Smith M. How to Train Your Dragon: Harnessing Gamma Delta T Cells Antiviral Functions and Trained Immunity in a Pandemic Era. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666983. [PMID: 33854516 PMCID: PMC8039298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of viruses with pandemic potential such as the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causing COVID-19 poses a global health challenge. There is remarkable progress in vaccine technology in response to this threat, but their design often overlooks the innate arm of immunity. Gamma Delta (γδ) T cells are a subset of T cells with unique features that gives them a key role in the innate immune response to a variety of homeostatic alterations, from cancer to microbial infections. In the context of viral infection, a growing body of evidence shows that γδ T cells are particularly equipped for early virus detection, which triggers their subsequent activation, expansion and the fast deployment of antiviral functions such as direct cytotoxic pathways, secretion of cytokines, recruitment and activation of other immune cells and mobilization of a trained immunity memory program. As such, γδ T cells represent an attractive target to stimulate for a rapid and effective resolution of viral infections. Here, we review the known aspects of γδ T cells that make them crucial component of the immune response to viruses, and the ways that their antiviral potential can be harnessed to prevent or treat viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Caron
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Alice Ridgley
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Déchanet-Merville J, Prinz I. From basic research to clinical application of γδ T cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:5-9. [PMID: 33245813 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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