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Manakkat Vijay GK, Zhou M, Thakkar K, Rothrauff A, Chawla AS, Chen D, Lau LCW, Gerges PH, Chetal K, Chhibbar P, Fan J, Das J, Joglekar A, Borghesi L, Salomonis N, Xu H, Singh H. Temporal dynamics and genomic programming of plasma cell fates. Nat Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41590-024-01831-y. [PMID: 38698087 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Affinity-matured plasma cells (PCs) of varying lifespans are generated through a germinal center (GC) response. The developmental dynamics and genomic programs of antigen-specific PC precursors remain to be elucidated. Here, using a model antigen in mice, we demonstrate biphasic generation of PC precursors, with those generating long-lived bone marrow PCs preferentially produced in the late phase of GC response. Clonal tracing using single-cell RNA sequencing and B cell antigen receptor sequencing in spleen and bone marrow compartments, coupled with adoptive transfer experiments, reveals a new PC transition state that gives rise to functionally competent PC precursors. The latter undergo clonal expansion, dependent on inducible expression of TIGIT. We propose a model for the proliferation and programming of precursors of long-lived PCs, based on extended antigen encounters in the GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kairavee Thakkar
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Abigail Rothrauff
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanpreet Singh Chawla
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dianyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Louis Chi-Wai Lau
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Habib Gerges
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Prabal Chhibbar
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jingyu Fan
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alok Joglekar
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Borghesi
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Heping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Steinmetz TD, Verstappen GM, Suurmond J, Kroese FGM. Targeting plasma cells in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases - Promises and pitfalls. Immunol Lett 2023; 260:44-57. [PMID: 37315847 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells are the antibody secretors of the immune system. Continuous antibody secretion over years can provide long-term immune protection but could also be held responsible for long-lasting autoimmunity in case of self-reactive plasma cells. Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) affect multiple organ systems and are associated with a plethora of different autoantibodies. Two prototypic systemic ARDs are systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's disease (SjD). Both diseases are characterized by B-cell hyperactivity and the production of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. Analogues to other immune cells, different subsets of plasma cells have been described. Plasma cell subsets are often defined dependent on their current state of maturation, that also depend on the precursor B-cell subset from which they derived. But, a universal definition of plasma cell subsets is not available so far. Furthermore, the ability for long-term survival and effector functions may differ, potentially in a disease-specific manner. Characterization of plasma cell subsets and their specificity in individual patients can help to choose a suitable targeting approach for either a broad or more selective plasma cell depletion. Targeting plasma cells in systemic ARDs is currently challenging because of side effects or varying depletion efficacies in the tissue. Recent developments, however, like antigen-specific targeting and CAR-T-cell therapy might open up major benefits for patients beyond current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobit D Steinmetz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gwenny M Verstappen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Suurmond
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Nielsen CM, Barrett JR, Davis C, Fallon JK, Goh C, Michell AR, Griffin C, Kwok A, Loos C, Darko S, Laboune F, Tekman M, Diouf A, Miura K, Francica JR, Ransier A, Long CA, Silk SE, Payne RO, Minassian AM, Lauffenburger DA, Seder RA, Douek DC, Alter G, Draper SJ. Delayed boosting improves human antigen-specific Ig and B cell responses to the RH5.1/AS01B malaria vaccine. JCI Insight 2023; 8:163859. [PMID: 36692019 PMCID: PMC9977309 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifications to vaccine delivery that increase serum antibody longevity are of great interest for maximizing efficacy. We have previously shown that a delayed fractional (DFx) dosing schedule (0-1-6 month) - using AS01B-adjuvanted RH5.1 malaria antigen - substantially improves serum IgG durability as compared with monthly dosing (0-1-2 month; NCT02927145). However, the underlying mechanism and whether there are wider immunological changes with DFx dosing were unclear. Here, PfRH5-specific Ig and B cell responses were analyzed in depth through standardized ELISAs, flow cytometry, systems serology, and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq). Data indicate that DFx dosing increases the magnitude and durability of circulating PfRH5-specific B cells and serum IgG1. At the peak antibody magnitude, DFx dosing was distinguished by a systems serology feature set comprising increased FcRn binding, IgG avidity, and proportion of G2B and G2S2F IgG Fc glycans, alongside decreased IgG3, antibody-dependent complement deposition, and proportion of G1S1F IgG Fc glycan. Concomitantly, scRNA-Seq data show a higher CDR3 percentage of mutation from germline and decreased plasma cell gene expression in circulating PfRH5-specific B cells. Our data, therefore, reveal a profound impact of DFx dosing on the humoral response and suggest plausible mechanisms that could enhance antibody longevity, including improved FcRn binding by serum Ig and a potential shift in the underlying cellular response from circulating short-lived plasma cells to nonperipheral long-lived plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Davis
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Fallon
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cyndi Goh
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ashlin R. Michell
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine Griffin
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Kwok
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Carolin Loos
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Farida Laboune
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehmet Tekman
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ababacar Diouf
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Amy Ransier
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carole A. Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah E. Silk
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth O. Payne
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Single cell multi-omic reference atlases of non-human primate immune tissues reveals CD102 as a biomarker for long-lived plasma cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1399. [PMID: 36543997 PMCID: PMC9770566 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection or immunization, antibodies are produced that provide protection against re-exposure with the same pathogen. These antibodies can persist at high titers for decades and are maintained by bone marrow-resident long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). However, the durability of antibody responses to immunization varies amongst vaccines. It is unknown what factors contribute to the differential longevity of serum antibody responses and whether heterogeneity in LLPC contributes to this phenomenon. While LLPC differentiation has been studied extensively in mice, little is known about this population in humans or non-human primates (NHP). Here, we use multi-omic single-cell profiling to identify and characterize the LLPC compartment in NHP. We identify LLPC biomarkers including the marker CD102 and show that CD102 in combination with CD31 identifies LLPC in NHP bone marrow. Additionally, we find that CD102 is expressed by LLPC in mouse and humans. These results further our understanding of the LLPC compartment in NHP, identify biomarkers of LLPC, and provide tissue-specific single cell references for future studies.
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Renner P, Crone M, Kornas M, Pioli KT, Pioli PD. Intracellular flow cytometry staining of antibody-secreting cells using phycoerythrin-conjugated antibodies: pitfalls and solutions. Antib Ther 2022; 5:151-163. [PMID: 35928457 PMCID: PMC9344851 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody-secreting cells are terminally differentiated B cells that play a critical role in humoral immunity through immunoglobulin secretion along with possessing the potential to be long-lived. It is now appreciated that ASCs regulate multiple aspects of biology through the secretion of various cytokines. In this regard, ICFC is a key tool used to assess the presence of intracellular proteins such as cytokines and transcription factors. Methods Paraformaldehyde plus saponin or the eBioscience Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set were used to evaluate the non-specific intracellular retention of phycoerythrin-containing antibody conjugates by ASCs. Results We showed that the use of phycoerythrin-containing antibody conjugates led to a false interpretation of ASC intracellular protein expression compared with other cell types. This was mainly due to the inappropriate retention of these antibodies specifically within ASCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated how to reduce this retention which allowed for a more accurate comparison of intracellular protein expression between ASCs and other cell types such as B lymphocytes. Using this methodology, our data revealed that spleen ASCs expressed toll-like receptor 7 as well as the pro-form of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. Conclusion Increasing the number of centrifugation steps performed on ASCs post-fixation leads to inappropriate retention of phycoerythrin-containing antibody conjugates during ICFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Renner
- Department of Investigative Medicine , Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, United States
| | - Michael Crone
- Department of Investigative Medicine , Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, United States
| | - Matthew Kornas
- Department of Investigative Medicine , Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, United States
| | - KimAnh T Pioli
- Department of Investigative Medicine , Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, United States
- Department of Biochemistry , Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Peter D Pioli
- Department of Investigative Medicine , Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, United States
- Department of Biochemistry , Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Vijay GKM, Thakkar K, Chetal K, Hay S, Fan J, Joglekar AV, Salomonis N, Singh H. Developmental dynamics and genomic programming of GC-derived precursors that give rise to long lived plasma cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.168.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Plasma cell (PC) precursors are generated during a germinal center (GC) response and migrate to the bone marrow (BM) where they undergo terminal differentiation into short-lived (SL) or long-lived (LL) antibody secreting cells. The developmental dynamics and genomic states of PC precursors remain to be elucidated1. We utilize a novel experimental system, involving CD138+ splenocytes isolated from NP-KLH immunized C57Bl/6J mice (21–42 dpi) and their adoptive transfer into B cell deficient mMT mice, to analyze developmental dynamics of antigen-specific PC precursors and their progeny at single-cell resolution. We demonstrate that SLPC precursors are generated earlier (d21), whilst LLPC precursors are generated later (d35) during a GC response. scRNA-seq analyses reveals increased frequency of a novel cluster of transitional cells expressing both B-lineage and plasma cell-specific genes. Coupled analyses using BCR-seq shows that NP-specific transitional cells express cell cycle genes and undergo greater clonal expansion on d35 to give rise to proliferating and quiescent PCs. Antigen-specific clonal tracking in the spleen and BM compartments suggests that the transitional cells emanating from the GC, differentiate into proliferating PCs before migrating to the BM. CITE-seq analyses and reconstitution experiments demonstrate that proliferating PCs are contained within the B220− CD138+ CD44+ CD11a+ subset and are enriched for BMPC precursors. These results reveal novel GC-derived transitional cells that generate precursors of both SLPCs and LLPCs with differing developmental and proliferation dynamics in a humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kairavee Thakkar
- 2Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center
| | - Kashish Chetal
- 2Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center
| | - Stuart Hay
- 2Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center
| | - Jingyu Fan
- 1Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Alok V Joglekar
- 1Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- 2Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center
| | - Harinder Singh
- 1Center for Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh
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Saini A, Ghoneim HE, Lio CWJ, Collins PL, Oltz EM. Gene Regulatory Circuits in Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells. Annu Rev Immunol 2022; 40:387-411. [PMID: 35119910 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-025949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity and function largely rely on the programming of transcriptomes during development and differentiation. Signature gene expression programs are orchestrated by regulatory circuits consisting of cis-acting promoters and enhancers, which respond to a plethora of cues via the action of transcription factors. In turn, transcription factors direct epigenetic modifications to revise chromatin landscapes, and drive contacts between distal promoter-enhancer combinations. In immune cells, regulatory circuits for effector genes are especially complex and flexible, utilizing distinct sets of transcription factors and enhancers, depending on the cues each cell type receives during an infection, after sensing cellular damage, or upon encountering a tumor. Here, we review major players in the coordination of gene regulatory programs within innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as integrative omics approaches that can be leveraged to decipher their underlying circuitry. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saini
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Chan-Wang Jerry Lio
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Patrick L Collins
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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