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Kazensky L, Matković K, Gerić M, Žegura B, Pehnec G, Gajski G. Impact of indoor air pollution on DNA damage and chromosome stability: a systematic review. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03785-4. [PMID: 38805047 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution is becoming a rising public health problem and is largely resulting from the burning of solid fuels and heating in households. Burning these fuels produces harmful compounds, such as particulate matter regarded as a major health risk, particularly affecting the onset and exacerbation of respiratory diseases. As exposure to polluted indoor air can cause DNA damage including DNA sd breaks as well as chromosomal damage, in this paper, we aim to provide an overview of the impact of indoor air pollution on DNA damage and genome stability by reviewing the scientific papers that have used the comet, micronucleus, and γ-H2AX assays. These methods are valuable tools in human biomonitoring and for studying the mechanisms of action of various pollutants, and are readily used for the assessment of primary DNA damage and genome instability induced by air pollutants by measuring different aspects of DNA and chromosomal damage. Based on our search, in selected studies (in vitro, animal models, and human biomonitoring), we found generally higher levels of DNA strand breaks and chromosomal damage due to indoor air pollutants compared to matched control or unexposed groups. In summary, our systematic review reveals the importance of the comet, micronucleus, and γ-H2AX assays as sensitive tools for the evaluation of DNA and genome damaging potential of different indoor air pollutants. Additionally, research in this particular direction is warranted since little is still known about the level of indoor air pollution in households or public buildings and its impact on genetic material. Future studies should focus on research investigating the possible impact of indoor air pollutants in complex mixtures on the genome and relate pollutants to possible health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Kazensky
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Matković
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gordana Pehnec
- Division of Environmental Hygiene, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Olsson H, Tamire M, Samuelsson E, Addissie A, Andersson R, Skovbjerg S, Athlin S. Household air pollution and pneumococcal density related to nasopharyngeal inflammation in mothers and children in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297085. [PMID: 38271409 PMCID: PMC10810524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three billion people in low- and middle-income countries are exposed to household air pollution as they use biomass fuel for cooking. We investigated the associations between solid fuel use and nasopharyngeal (NP) inflammation, as well as the associations between high pneumococcal density and NP inflammation, in mothers and children in rural and urban Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty pairs of mothers (median age, 30 years; range, 19-45 years) with a child (median age, 9 months; range, 1-24 months) were included from rural Butajira (n = 30) and urban Addis Ababa (n = 30) in Ethiopia. The cohort was randomly selected from a previous study of 545 mother/child pairs included 2016. Questionnaire-based data were collected which included fuel type used (solid: wood, charcoal, dung or crop waste; cleaner: electricity, liquefied petroleum gas). Nasopharyngeal (NP) samples were collected from all mothers and children and analyzed for the levels of 18 cytokines using a Luminex immunoassay. Pneumococcal DNA densities were measured by a real-time multiplex PCR and a high pneumococcal density was defined as a cyclic threshold (Ct) value ≤ 30. RESULTS Mothers from rural areas had higher median CXCL8 levels in NP secretions than those from urban areas (8000 versus 1900 pg/mL; p < 0.01), while rural children had slightly higher IL-10 levels than those from the urban area (26 vs 13 pg/mL; p = 0.04). No associations between fuel type and cytokine levels were found. However, a high pneumococcal density was associated with higher levels of cytokines in both mothers (CCL4, CXCL8, IL-1β, IL-6 and VEGF-A) and children (CCL4, CXCL8, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18). CONCLUSIONS No significant associations were found between solid fuel use and NP inflammation in Ethiopian mothers and children, but the inflammatory activity was higher in individuals living in the rural compared to the urban area. In addition, high cytokine levels were associated with high pneumococcal density in both mothers and children, indicating a significant impact of NP pathogens on inflammatory mediator levels in upper airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Olsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mulugeta Tamire
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ebba Samuelsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adamu Addissie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rune Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susann Skovbjerg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Athlin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Chen K, Wang W, Qiu J, Guo W, Du J, Gao B, Hu Z, Qiao H. Housing conditions, cooking fuels, and health-related quality of life among rural middle-aged and elderly in northwest China: A ten-year balanced panel study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102563. [PMID: 38205167 PMCID: PMC10776773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impacts of improving housing conditions and transitioning to clean cooking fuels on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among middle-aged and elderly populations in rural China. METHODS Using a 10-year longitudinal follow-up study, we examined changes in housing conditions, cooking fuel use, and HRQOL among 690 Chinese adults aged 45 above in rural areas. HRQOL was assessed using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions 3 Levels (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. Generalized estimating equations were utilized to analyze correlations between variables. RESULTS Using four-period balanced panel data of 10 years, there were significant differences in the self-reporting of mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain / discomfort and anxiety / depression in rural middle-aged and elderly people (p < 0.05). In terms of the EQ-5D index score and EQ-VAS score, showed a decreasing trend (p < 0.05). The housing area, housing material type, utilization of sanitary toilets, separation of housing and kitchen were separated and non-solid fuels used as cooking fuel were significantly associated with high HRQOL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study found that good housing conditions and the use of non-solid cooking fuel had positive effects on health-related quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas of northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Chen
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangwei Qiu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenqin Guo
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiancai Du
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Baokai Gao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhaoyan Hu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, China
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Kao CM, Chen YM, Huang WN, Chen YH, Chen HH. Association between air pollutants and initiation of biological therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide, population-based, nested case-control study. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:75. [PMID: 37147678 PMCID: PMC10161550 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor air pollution has been found to trigger systemic inflammatory responses and aggravate the activity of certain rheumatic diseases. However, few studies have explored the influence of air pollution on the activity of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). As patients with active AS in Taiwan can be reimbursed through the National Health Insurance programme for biological therapy, we investigated the association between air pollutants and the initiation of reimbursed biologics for active AS. METHODS Since 2011, hourly concentrations of ambient air pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, and O3, have been estimated in Taiwan. Using Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified patients with newly diagnosed AS from 2003 to 2013. We selected 584 patients initiating biologics from 2012 to 2013 and 2336 gender-, age at biologic initiation-, year of AS diagnosis- and disease duration-matched controls. We examined the associations of biologics initiation with air pollutants exposure within 1 year prior to biologic use whilst adjusting for potential confounders, including disease duration, urbanisation level, monthly income, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), uveitis, psoriasis and the use of medications for AS. Results are shown as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The initiation of biologics was associated with exposure to CO (per 1 ppm) (aOR, 8.57; 95% CI, 2.02-36.32) and NO2 (per 10 ppb) (aOR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11-0.50). Other independent predictors included disease duration (incremental year, aOR, 8.95), CCI (aOR, 1.31), psoriasis (aOR, 25.19), use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aOR, 23.66), methotrexate use (aOR, 4.50; 95% CI, 2.93-7.00), sulfasalazine use (aOR, 12.16; 95% CI, 8.98-15.45) and prednisolone equivalent dosages (mg/day, aOR, 1.12). CONCLUSIONS This nationwide, population-based study revealed the initiation of reimbursed biologics was positively associated with CO levels, but negatively associated with NO2 levels. Major limitations included lack of information on individual smoking status and multicollinearity amongst air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Mao Kao
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Nan Huang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Business Administration, Ling-Tung University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Big Data Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Du X, Li X, Qian P, Wu H. Indoor air pollution from solid fuels use, inflammation, depression and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:370-376. [PMID: 36167244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the influence of indoor air pollution on depression and cognitive impairment; besides, the underlying mechanism is not well-established. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to fill the above gaps by exploring the underlying influence mechanism of solid fuel use, the major cause of indoor air pollution, with the risk of depression and cognitive impairment. METHODS This data came from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015 dataset. Self-reported household cooking fuels were collected and categorized as clean fuels and solid fuels. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells (WBC) were used to measure inflammation. Depression and cognitive function were assessed by using standardized questionnaires. RESULTS Respondents had an average Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) scores of 7.68 (SD = 6.14) and cognitive function scores of 15.97 (SD = 4.84). In the whole sample, 36.4 % of respondents used solid fuels use, but this proportion was much greater among those living in rural areas (78.38 %). Compared with clean fuel users, solid fuel users had more depression and worse cognitive function. After adjusting for confounders, indoor air pollution was significantly associated with depression and cognitive function respectively (β = -0.444, p < 0.001; β = 0.656, p < 0.001). Indoor air pollution was significantly related to the WBC (β = 0.170, p < 0.01), but not for the CRP. The WBC mediated the association between indoor air pollution and depression (β = 0.026, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In conclusion, solid fuel use was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we found that solid fuel use influences depression partly via the inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwang Du
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuezhu Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pan Qian
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Physical activity attenuates the association between household air pollution and health-related quality of life in Chinese rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Qual Life Res 2022; 31:3165-3175. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Benka-Coker ML, Clark ML, Rajkumar S, Young BN, Bachand AM, Brook RD, Nelson TL, Volckens J, Reynolds SJ, Wilson A, L'Orange C, Good N, Quinn C, Koehler K, Africano S, Osorto Pinel AB, Diaz-Sanchez D, Neas L, Peel JL. Household air pollution from wood-burning cookstoves and C-reactive protein among women in rural Honduras. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 241:113949. [PMID: 35259686 PMCID: PMC8934269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Household air pollution from solid fuel combustion was estimated to cause 2.31 million deaths worldwide in 2019; cardiovascular disease is a substantial contributor to the global burden. We evaluated the cross-sectional association between household air pollution (24-h gravimetric kitchen and personal particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC)) and C-reactive protein (CRP) measured in dried blood spots among 107 women in rural Honduras using wood-burning traditional or Justa (an engineered combustion chamber) stoves. A suite of 6 additional markers of systemic injury and inflammation were considered in secondary analyses. We adjusted for potential confounders and assessed effect modification of several cardiovascular-disease risk factors. The median (25th, 75th percentiles) 24-h-average personal PM2.5 concentration was 115 μg/m3 (65,154 μg/m3) for traditional stove users and 52 μg/m3 (39, 81 μg/m3) for Justa stove users; kitchen PM2.5 and BC had similar patterns. Higher concentrations of PM2.5 and BC were associated with higher levels of CRP (e.g., a 25% increase in personal PM2.5 was associated with a 10.5% increase in CRP [95% CI: 1.2-20.6]). In secondary analyses, results were generally consistent with a null association. Evidence for effect modification between pollutant measures and four different cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., high blood pressure) was inconsistent. These results support the growing evidence linking household air pollution and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Benka-Coker
- Department of Health Sciences, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Rajkumar
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Bonnie N Young
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Annette M Bachand
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Stephen J Reynolds
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Good
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Casey Quinn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Anibal B Osorto Pinel
- Trees, Water & People, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Asociación Hondureña para el Desarrollo, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- U.S. Environmental Protectection Agency, ORD, NHEERL, Environmental Public Health Divsion, USA
| | - Lucas Neas
- U.S. Environmental Protectection Agency, ORD, NHEERL, Environmental Public Health Divsion, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Lim YH, Hersoug LG, Lund R, Bruunsgaard H, Ketzel M, Brandt J, Jørgensen JT, Westendorp R, Andersen ZJ, Loft S. Inflammatory markers and lung function in relation to indoor and ambient air pollution. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 241:113944. [PMID: 35176573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution causes a range of adverse health effects, whereas effects of indoor sources of air pollution are not well described in high-income countries. We compared hazards of ambient air pollution and indoor sources with respect to important biomarkers of cardiorespiratory effects in terms of lung function and systemic inflammation in a middle-aged Danish cohort. Our cohort comprised 5199 men and women aged 49-63 years at the recruitment during April 2009 to March 2011, with information on exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and use of candles, wood stove, kerosene heater and gas cooker as well as relevant covariates. Ambient air pollution exposure was assessed as 2-year mean nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at the address (mean ± SD: 17.1 ± 9.9 μg/m3) and 4-day average levels of particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5; mean ± SD: 12.5 ± 6.0 μg/m3) in urban background. Lung function was assessed as % predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and inflammatory markers comprised interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-18, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). We used random-effect regression models controlling for potential confounders as well as models with further adjustment for self-reported health or for all other exposures. In models adjusted for confounders FEV1 was inversely associated with exposure to NO2, (-0,83% per 10 μg/m3; 95% CI: -1.26; -0.41%), SHS (-0.56% per 1 of 5 categories increment; 95% CI: -0.89; -0.23%), and gas cooker without hood (-0.89%; 95% CI: -1.62; -0.17%), whereas use of wood stove and candles showed positive associations, although these attenuated by mutual adjustment for all exposures or self-reported health. IL-6 showed positive associations with NO2 (6.30% increase in log-transformed values per 10 μg/m3; 95% CI: 3.54; 9.05%), PM2.5 (7.82% per 10 μg/m3; 95% CI: 3.35; 12.4%), SHS (4.38% per increase of 1 of 5 categories; 95% CI: 2.22; 6.54%) and use of kerosene (13.8%; 95% CI: 2.51; 25.1%), whereas the associations with use of wood stove and candles were inverse. PM2.5 and NO2 showed positive associations with IFN-γ and TNF-α, while PM2.5 further associated with IL-10 and IL-18. Hs-CRP was inversely associated with use of candles. These results suggest that the levels of exposure to ambient air pollution and SHS are more harmful than are the levels of exposure to indoor combustion sources from candles and wood stoves in a high-income setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars-Georg Hersoug
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Bruunsgaard
- Department of Clinical Immunology 7631, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; iClimate - interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Therming Jørgensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudi Westendorp
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zorana Jovanovic Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Chen H, Oliver BG, Pant A, Olivera A, Poronnik P, Pollock CA, Saad S. Particulate Matter, an Intrauterine Toxin Affecting Foetal Development and Beyond. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050732. [PMID: 34066412 PMCID: PMC8148178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is the 9th cause of the overall disease burden globally. The solid component in the polluted air, particulate matters (PMs) with a diameter of 2.5 μm or smaller (PM2.5) possess a significant health risk to several organ systems. PM2.5 has also been shown to cross the blood–placental barrier and circulate in foetal blood. Therefore, it is considered an intrauterine environmental toxin. Exposure to PM2.5 during the perinatal period, when the foetus is particularly susceptible to developmental defects, has been shown to reduce birth weight and cause preterm birth, with an increase in adult disease susceptibility in the offspring. However, few studies have thoroughly studied the health outcome of foetuses due to intrauterine exposure and the underlying mechanisms. This perspective summarises currently available evidence, which suggests that intrauterine exposure to PM2.5 promotes oxidative stress and inflammation in a similar manner as occurs in response to direct PM exposure. Oxidative stress and inflammation are likely to be the common mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of multiple systems, offering potential targets for preventative strategies in pregnant mothers for an optimal foetal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Anushriya Pant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Annabel Olivera
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Philip Poronnik
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.S.)
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