1
|
Ratliff KM, Oudejans L, Archer J, Calfee W, Gilberry JU, Hook DA, Schoppman WE, Yaga RW, Brooks L, Ryan S. Impact of test methodology on the efficacy of triethylene glycol (Grignard Pure) against bacteriophage MS2. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR AEROSOL RESEARCH 2023; 57:1178-1185. [PMID: 38268721 PMCID: PMC10805242 DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2023.2262004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised interest in using chemical air treatments as part of a strategy to reduce the risk of disease transmission, but more information is needed to characterize their efficacy at scales translatable to applied settings and to develop standardized test methods for characterizing the performance of these products. Grignard Pure, a triethylene glycol (TEG) active ingredient air treatment, was evaluated using two different test protocols in a large bioaerosol test chamber and observed to inactivate bacteriophage MS2 in air (up to 99.9% at 90 min) and on surfaces (up to 99% at 90 min) at a concentration of approximately 1.2 - 1.5 mg/m3. Introducing bioaerosol into a TEG-charged chamber led to overall greater reductions compared to when TEG was introduced into a bioaerosol-charged chamber, although the differences in efficacy against airborne MS2 were only significant in the first 15 min. Time-matched control conditions (no TEG present) and replicate tests for each condition were essential for characterizing treatment efficacy. These findings suggest that chemical air treatments could be effective in reducing the air and surface concentrations of infectious pathogens in occupied spaces, although standard methods are needed for evaluating their efficacy and comparing results across studies. The potential health impacts of chronic exposure to chemicals should also be considered, but those were not evaluated here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Ratliff
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lukas Oudejans
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - John Archer
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Worth Calfee
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - David Adam Hook
- Jacobs Technology Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Robert W. Yaga
- Jacobs Technology Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lance Brooks
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shawn Ryan
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Quoc TT, Bácskay I, Fehér P, Pallér Á, Papp B, Bíró K, Ujhelyi Z. Personalized Nasal Protective Devices: Importance and Perspectives. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2116. [PMID: 38004256 PMCID: PMC10672262 DOI: 10.3390/life13112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, in addition to diseases caused by environmental pollution, the importance of personalized protection against various infectious agents has become of paramount importance. Besides medicine, several technical and technological studies have been carried out to develop suitable devices. One such revolutionary solution is the use of personalized nasal filters, which allow our body to defend itself more effectively against external environmental damage and pathogens. These filters are small devices that are placed in the nose and specifically filter the inhaled environmental contaminants, allergens, and microorganisms according to individual needs. These devices not only play a key role in maintaining our health but also contribute to environmental protection, reducing the inhalation of pollutants and their harmful impact on the natural environment. Another advantage of personalized filters is that they also provide an opportunity to strengthen our individual immune systems. The use of personalized filters allows medicine to provide optimized protection for everyone, focusing on individual genetic and immunological conditions. The momentum behind the development and research of personalized nasal filters has reached astonishing proportions today. Nowadays, many research groups and medical institutions are working to create new materials, nanotechnologies, and bioinformatics solutions in order to create even more effective personalized nasal filters that can also be shaped easily and safely. Considering the needs of the users is at least as important during development as the efficiency of the device. These two properties together determine the success of the product. Industry research focuses not only on improving the efficiency of devices, but also on making them more responsive to user needs, comfort, and portability. Based on all this, it can be concluded that personalized nasal filters can be a promising and innovative solution for protection against environmental pollutants and pathogens. Through a commitment to the research and development of technology, the long-term impact of such devices on our health and the environment can be significant, contributing to improving people's quality of life and creating a sustainable future. With unique solutions and continuous research, we give hope that in the future, despite the environmental challenges, we can enjoy the protection of our health with even more efficient and sophisticated devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thinh To Quoc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.T.Q.); (I.B.); (P.F.); (Á.P.); (B.P.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.T.Q.); (I.B.); (P.F.); (Á.P.); (B.P.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.T.Q.); (I.B.); (P.F.); (Á.P.); (B.P.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ádám Pallér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.T.Q.); (I.B.); (P.F.); (Á.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Boglárka Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.T.Q.); (I.B.); (P.F.); (Á.P.); (B.P.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Krisztina Bíró
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Hospital Pharmacy at the University of Debrecen, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.T.Q.); (I.B.); (P.F.); (Á.P.); (B.P.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Sqr 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|