Are resilience and maternal sense of coherence associated with gingival status in adolescents from low-income families?

Association Between Sense of Coherence and Periodontal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between sense of coherence (SOC) and periodontal outcomes. Electronic searches were performed in 6 databases. Seventeen studies that evaluated the association between SOC and periodontal outcomes were included. The included studies demonstrated that individuals with a stronger SOC were more likely to present improved periodontal outcomes. The meta-analysis showed that individuals with a lower SOC were 3.31 times more likely to present bleeding on probing. Sons/daughters of mothers with a lower SOC were 3.22 times more likely to present gingival bleeding. Individuals with a stronger SOC have better periodontal health.

Mother's sense of coherence and dental characteristics in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta: A paired study

BACKGROUND

The relevance of sense of coherence (SOC) is important to the wellbeing of parents, especially mothers of children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI).

OBJECTIVE

Determine whether the oral health status of children/adolescents with OI is associated with mother's SOC.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

A paired cross-sectional study was conducted with 37 children/adolescents with OI, 37 without OI, and their respective mothers. The children/adolescents were between two and 19 years of age, mean age 7.2 years, being 47 male and 27 female. The mothers completed Antonovsky's SOC questionnaire (SOC-13), and the oral status of the children/adolescents was investigated. The following clinical conditions were evaluated: dentinogenesis imperfecta, malocclusion, gingivitis, and dental caries experience.

RESULTS

The genetic condition of the children was significantly associated with mother's SOC (P < .001). Mothers of children with OI had lower SOC scores (mean: 35.6 [± 4.9]) than mothers of children without OI (mean: 38.5 [± 4.3]). In the group with OI, a low socioeconomic status was associated with lower mother's SOC scores (P = .004). In both groups, dental caries experience was associated with lower mother's SOC scores (P = .007). Most individuals with OI presented malocclusion (78.3%) and experience of dental caries (59.4%).

CONCLUSION

Having a child with OI influenced the sense of coherence of the mothers. Socioeconomic status and dental caries experience in children and adolescents with OI were associated with mother's SOC.

Effect of family characteristics on periodontal diseases in children and adolescents-A systematic review

AIM

To synthesize the literature on the influence of family/parents characteristics on periodontal diseases in children and adolescents.

METHODS

An electronic search for relevant literature published between 2007 and 2017 was undertaken in PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Cochrane databases; the search was updated in April 2018. Two reviewers independently reviewed the abstracts of these; of which, 43 articles were reviewed in full.

RESULTS

Of the 746 retrieved titles, 649 remained after removing duplicates. Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria, and 13 were excluded. Also, two were included from the updated search. Data from the reviewed articles indicate that all three indicators of parent's socioeconomic status (income, education and occupation) are significantly associated with periodontal diseases in children. Better periodontal status was observed in children of parents with higher SES than those whose parents were of lower SES. Although the association between parent's smoking practices, level of periodontal diseases and children's periodontal status was explored only in few studies, findings indicate that children exposed to passive smoking and having parents with periodontal diseases are more likely to present with periodontal diseases as well.

CONCLUSIONS

Most of the studies considered socioeconomic factors and had not attempted to explore the impact of parental psychosocial variables on periodontal diseases in children. The literature indicates that these variables significantly influence health practices, including oral hygiene practices, which could ultimately affect periodontal health. More studies are required to explore the association of these variables with periodontal outcomes in children.

Protective psychosocial factors and dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Psychosocial protective factors include dispositional and family attributes that may reduce the occurrence of dental caries.

AIM

This review analysed the evidence on the relationship between protective psychosocial factors and dental caries in children and adolescents.

DESIGN

Primary studies involving children and adolescents were searched in the following electronic databases: Medline, SCOPUS, LILACS, SciELO, and Web of Science. The reference lists were also screened. Protective psychosocial factor descriptors were in accordance with the salutogenic theory. The outcome was clinical measure of dental caries. Quality assessments were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

RESULTS

The final search resulted in 35 studies, including 7 cohort, one case-control, and 27 cross-sectional studies. Most studies were of moderate quality. Meta-analyses revealed that low parental internal locus of control (cohort studies: OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20-1.64; cross-sectional studies: OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.19-1.41), high parental external chance (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10-1.29), and high maternal sense of coherence (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.93) were associated with dental caries in children. High social support (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68-0.93) and greater self-efficacy (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.12-1.22) were also associated with dental caries in adolescents.

CONCLUSIONS

The current evidence suggests that some salutogenic factors are important protective factors of dental caries during childhood and adolescence.