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Jankauskas SS, Morelli MB, Gambardella J, Lombardi A, Santulli G. Thyroid hormones regulate both cardiovascular and renal mechanisms underlying hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 23:373-381. [PMID: 33377271 PMCID: PMC8030083 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco B Morelli
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, and International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME), Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, and International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME), Naples, Italy
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Sandilands AJ, O’Shaughnessy KM, Yasmin. β1-Adrenoreceptor Polymorphisms and Blood Pressure: 49S Variant Increases Plasma Renin But Not Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:447-451. [PMID: 30753253 PMCID: PMC6475877 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of beta-1 adrenoreceptor (β1-AR) in the kidney releases renin that plays a major role in the maintenance of blood pressure. Genetic variation in β1-AR could therefore alter the physiological and clinical effects of this hormone. We tested this hypothesis in patients from a primary care cohort being screened for primary hyperaldosteronism (n = 467). METHODS Demographic and hemodynamic data were measured and plasma renin was determined by a standard immunoassay. Subjects were genotyped for the 2 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms Arg389Gly (rs1801253) and Ser49Gly (rs1801252), and thus the 4 possible haplotypes in β1-AR gene. RESULTS In patients being screened for hyperaldosteronism, plasma renin was significantly elevated in Ser49 homozygotes (49SS) compared with Gly49 (49G) allele carriers (0.307 ± 0.03 vs. 0.164 ± 0.05; P = 0.01). However, this did not translate into differences in either blood pressure or heart rate. On the other hand, the Arg389Gly polymorphism did not affect either plasma renin or blood pressure in this group. There was also no evidence that the 2 loci were linked in this group of patients. CONCLUSION These data suggest that in this cohort the Ser49 variant of the Ser49Gly β1-AR gene polymorphism associates with higher renin levels. However, these common β1-AR gene polymorphisms do not affect blood pressure in the same cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Sandilands
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M O’Shaughnessy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yasmin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Takahara A, Nakamura Y, Wagatsuma H, Aritomi S, Nakayama A, Satoh Y, Akie Y, Sugiyama A. Long-term blockade of L/N-type Ca(2+) channels by cilnidipine ameliorates repolarization abnormality of the canine hypertrophied heart. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:1366-74. [PMID: 19785655 PMCID: PMC2782346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The heart of the canine model of chronic atrioventricular block is known to have a ventricular electrical remodelling, which mimics the pathophysiology of long QT syndrome. Using this model, we explored a new pharmacological therapeutic strategy for the prevention of cardiac sudden death. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker amlodipine (2.5 mg.day(-1)), L/N-type Ca(2+) channel blocker cilnidipine (5 mg.day(-1)), or the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan (12 mg.day(-1)) was administered orally to the dogs with chronic atrioventricular block for 4 weeks. Electropharmacological assessments with the monophasic action potential (MAP) recordings and blood sample analyses were performed before and 4 weeks after the start of drug administration. KEY RESULTS Amlodipine and cilnidipine decreased the blood pressure, while candesartan hardly affected it. The QT interval, MAP duration and beat-to-beat variability of the ventricular repolarization period were shortened only in the cilnidipine group, but such effects were not observed in the amlodipine or candesartan group. Plasma concentrations of adrenaline, angiotensin II and aldosterone decreased in the cilnidipine group. In contrast, plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone were elevated in the amlodipine group, whereas in the candesartan group an increase in plasma levels of angiotensin II and a decrease in noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Long-term blockade of L/N-type Ca(2+) channels ameliorated the ventricular electrical remodelling in the hypertrophied heart which causes the prolongation of the QT interval. This could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Olson KR, Duff DW. Cardiovascular and renal effects of eel and rat atrial natriuretic peptide in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. J Comp Physiol B 1992; 162:408-15. [PMID: 1357012 DOI: 10.1007/bf00258962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The renal and in vitro vascular effects of atrial natriuretic peptides have been examined in several species of fish. However, comparatively few investigations have described the effects of these peptides on the cardiovascular system in vivo. In the present experiments the dorsal aorta and urinary bladder were cannulated and the effects of atrial natriuretic peptides from rat and eel were monitored in conscious trout during bolus injection or continuous atrial natriuretic peptide infusion. The results show that the initial pressor effect of atrial natriuretic peptides is independent of environmental salinity adaptation (fresh or seawater) and the chemical form of atrial natriuretic peptide injected, but it is affected by the rate of atrial natriuretic peptide administration. This pressor response, and the accompanying diuresis, are mediated through alpha-adrenergic activation. Continuous infusion of either rat or eel atrial natriuretic peptide produces a steady fall in mean arterial blood pressure, which is temporally preceded by an increase in heart rate and a decrease in pulse pressure. Diuresis induced by atrial natriuretic peptides is only partially sustained during continuous infusion. Propranolol partially blocks the increase induced in heart rate by atrial natriuretic peptides, but does not affect either pulse pressure or mean arterial pressure. Propranolol significantly increases urine flow in saline-infused animals but has no apparent effect on animals subjected to infusions of atrial natriuretic peptides. These results indicate that there are multiple foci for the action of atrial natriuretic peptides in trout and that in many instances the effects of atrial natriuretic peptides are mediated through secondary effector systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame 46556
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